Intermediate Accounting IFRS

EQUITY
T or F
1. A corporation is incorporated in only one country regardless of the number of countries in
which it operates.

2. The preemptive right allows shareholders the right to vote for directors of the company.

3. Ordinary shares is the residual corporate interest that bears the ultimate risks of loss.

4. Earned capital consists of contributed capital and retained earnings.

5. True no-par shares should be carried in the accounts at issue price without any share
premium reported.

6. Companies allocate the proceeds received from a lump-sum sale of securities based on
the securities’ par values.

7. Companies should record shares issued for services or noncash property at either the fair
value of the shares issued or the fair value of the consideration received.

8. Treasury shares are a company’s own shares that have been reacquired and retired.

9. The cost method records all transactions in treasury shares at their cost and reports the
treasury shares as a deduction from ordinary shares.

10. When a corporation sells treasury shares below its cost, it usually debits the difference
between cost and selling price to Share Premium—Treasury.

11. Participating preference shares require that if a company fails to pay a dividend in any
year, it must make it up in a later year before paying any ordinary dividends.

12. Callable preference shares permit the corporation at its option to redeem the outstanding
preference shares at stipulated prices.

13. The laws of some jurisdictions require that corporations restrict their contributed capital
from distribution to shareholders.

14. Many companies pay dividends in amounts equal to their legally available retained
earnings.

15. All dividends, except for liquidating dividends, reduce the total shareholders’ equity of a
corporation.

16. Dividends payable in assets of the corporation other than cash are called property
dividends or dividends in kind.

17. When a share dividend is less than 20-25 percent of the ordinary shares outstanding, a
company is required to transfer the fair value of the shares issued from retained earnings.
 18. Share splits and large share dividends have the same effect on a company’s retained
earnings and total shareholders’ equity.
19. The rate of return on ordinary share equity is computed by dividing net income by the
average ordinary equity.

20. The payout ratio is determined by dividing cash dividends paid to ordinary shareholders
by net income available to ordinary shareholders.

MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual
21. The residual interest in a corporation belongs to the
a. management.
b. creditors.
c. ordinary shareholders.
d. preference shareholders.

22. The pre-emptive right of an ordinary shareholder is the right to

a. share proportionately in corporate assets upon liquidation.
b. share proportionately in any new issues of stock of the same class.
c. receive cash dividends before they are distributed to preference shareholders.
d. exclude preference shareholders from voting rights.

23. The pre-emptive right enables a shareholder to

a. share proportionately in any new issues of shares of the same class.
b. receive cash dividends before other classes of stock without the pre-emptive right.
c. sell ordinary shares back to the corporation at the option of the shareholder.
d. receive the same amount of dividends on a percentage basis as the preference
shareholders.
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24. Special characteristics of the corporate form that affect accounting include the
a. influence of corporate law.
b. use of the share system.
c. development of a variety of ownership interests.
d. All of the above are correct.
 25. Hiro Corp. issues shares which bear the ultimate risks of loss and receive the benefit of
success. These shares are not guaranteed dividends nor assets upon dissolution. These
shares are considered
Ordinary Preference
a. Yes Yes
b. Yes No
c. No Yes
d. No No

26. Categories of equity include all of the following except

a. Non-controlling interest.
b. Accumulated other comprehensive income.
c. Liquidating dividends.
d. Treasury shares.
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27. Shareholders of a business enterprise are said to be the residual owners. The term
residual owner means that shareholders
a. are entitled to a dividend every year in which the business earns a profit.
b. have the rights to specific assets of the business.
c. bear the ultimate risks and uncertainties and receive the benefits of enterprise
ownership.
d. can negotiate individual contracts on behalf of the enterprise.

28. Total shareholders' equity represents

a. a claim to specific assets contributed by the owners.
b. the maximum amount that can be borrowed by the enterprise.
c. a claim against a portion of the total assets of an enterprise.
d. only the amount of earnings that have been retained in the business.

29. A primary source of shareholders' equity is

a. income retained by the corporation.
b. appropriated retained earnings.
c. contributions by shareholders.
d. both income retained by the corporation and contributions by holders.

30. Equity is generally classified into two major categories:

a. contributed capital and appropriated capital.
b. appropriated capital and retained earnings.
c. retained earnings and unearned capital.
d. earned capital and contributed capital.

31. The accounting problem in a lump sum issuance is the allocation of proceeds between the
classes of securities. An acceptable method of allocation is the
a. pro forma method.
b. proportional method.
c. incremental method.
d. either the proportional method or the incremental method.
 32. When a corporation issues its ordinary shares in payment for services, the least
appropriate basis for recording the transaction is the
a. fair value of the services received.
b. par value of the shares issued.
c. fair value of the shares issued.
d. Any of these provides an appropriate basis for recording the transaction.

33. Direct costs incurred to sell shares such as underwriting costs should be accounted for as
1. a reduction of share premium.
2. an expense of the period in which the shares are issued.
3. an intangible asset.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 1 or 3

34. A "secret reserve" will be created if

a. inadequate depreciation is charged to income.
b. a capital expenditure is charged to expense.
c. liabilities are understated.
d. shareholders' equity is overstated.
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35. Which of the following represents the total number of shares that a corporation may issue
under the terms of its charter?
a. authorized shares
b. issued shares
c. unissued shares
d. outstanding shares
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36. Shares that have a fixed per-share amount printed on each share certificate are called
a. stated value shares.
b. fixed value shares.
c. uniform value shares.
d. par value shares.
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37. Which of the following is not a legal restriction related to profit distributions by a
corporation?
a. The amount distributed to owners must be in compliance with the laws governing
corporations.
b. The amount distributed in any one year can never exceed the net income reported for
that year.
c. Profit distributions must be formally approved by the board of directors.
d. Dividends must be in full agreement with the capital contracts as to preferences and
participation.

38. Ordinary no-par shares

a. Are considered illegal.
b. Are subject to high taxes.
c. Are always sold at a premium.
d. All of the choices are correct.
 39. Dunn Trading Co. issued 2,500 ordinary shares, The shares have a ₤2 par value and sold
for ₤12 per share. Dunn incurred ₤3,000 to sell the shares related to underwriting costs
and legal fees. Dunn Trading Co. eill record the ₤3,000 as
a. A debit to Share Premium—Ordinary.
b. A debit to Financing Expense.
c. A credit to Share Premium—Ordinary.
d. A credit to Share Capital—Ordinary.
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40. In January 2012, Finley Corporation, a newly formed company, issued 10,000 shares of
its $10 par ordinary shares for $15 per share. On July 1, 2012, Finley Corporation
reacquired 1,000 shares of its outstanding shares for $12 per share. The acquisition of
these treasury shares
a. decreased total shareholders' equity.
b. increased total shareholders' equity.
c. did not change total shareholders' equity.
d. decreased the number of issued shares.
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41. Treasury shares are
a. shares held as an investment by the treasurer of the corporation.
b. shares held as an investment of the corporation.
c. issued and outstanding shares.
d. issued but not outstanding shares.

42. When treasury shares are purchased for more than the par value of the shares and the
cost method is used to account for treasury shares, what account(s) should be debited?
a. Treasury shares for the par value and share premium for the excess of the purchase
price over the par value.
b. have premium for the purchase price.
c. Treasury shares for the purchase price.
d. Treasury shares for the par value and retained earnings for the excess of the
purchase price over the par value.

43. “Gains" on sales of treasury (using the cost method) should be credited to
a. share premium—treasury.
b. share capital.
c. retained earnings.
d. other income.

44. Porter Corp. purchased its own par value shares on January 1, 2010 for $20,000 and
debited the treasury shares account for the purchase price. The shares were
subsequently sold for $12,000. The $8,000 difference between the cost and sales price
should be recorded as a deduction from
a. share premium—treasury to the extent that previous net "gains" from sales of the
same class of stock are included therein; otherwise, from retained earnings.
b. share premium—treasury without regard as to whether or not there have been
previous net "gains" from sales of the same class of shares included therein.
c. retained earnings.
d. net income.
 45. How should a "gain" from the sale of treasury shares be reflected when using the cost
method of recording treasury shares transactions?
a. As other income shown on the income statement.
b. As share premium from treasury share transactions.
c. As an increase in the amount shown for share capital.
d. As an increase in the retained earnings amount.

46. Which of the following best describes a possible result of treasury share transactions by a
corporation?
a. May increase but not decrease retained earnings.
b. May increase net income if the cost method is used.
c. May decrease but not increase retained earnings.
d. May decrease but not increase net income.

47. Which of the following features of preference shares makes the security more like debt
than an equity instrument?
a. Participating
b. Voting
c. Redeemable
d. Noncumulative

48. The cumulative feature of preference shares

a. limits the amount of cumulative dividends to the par value of the preference shares.
b. requires that dividends not paid in any year must be made up in a later year before
dividends are distributed to ordinary shareholders.
c. means that the shareholder can accumulate preference shares until it is equal to the
par value of ordinary shares at which time it can be converted into ordinary shares.
d. enables a preference shareholder to accumulate dividends until they equal the par
value of the shares and receive the shares in place of the cash dividends.
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49. According to IFRS, redeemable preference shares should be
a. included with ordinary shares.
b. included as a liability.
c. excluded from the statement of financial position.
d. included as a contra item in shareholders' equity.
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50. Cumulative preference dividends in arrears should be shown in a corporation's statement
of financial position as
a. an increase in current liabilities.
b. an increase in equity.
c. a footnote.
d. an increase in current liabilities for the current portion and non-current liabilities for the
long-term portion.

51. The features most frequently associated with preference shares include all of the following
except
a. Callable at the option of the shareholder.
b. Convertible into ordinary shares.
c. Non-voting.
d. Preference as to assets in the event of liquidation.

52. When preference shares share ratably with the ordinary shareholders in any profit
distributions beyond the prescribed rate this is known as the
 a. Cumulative feature.
b. Participating feature.
c. Callable feature.
d. Redeemable feature.

53. Liquidating dividends

a. Are prohibited under IFRS.
b. Require a credit to Share Capital—Ordinary.
c. Reduce amounts paid-in by shareholders.
d. All of the choices are correct.

54. At the date of the financial statements, ordinary shares issued would exceed ordinary
shares outstanding as a result of the
a. declaration of a share split.
b. declaration of a share dividend.
c. purchase of treasury shares.
d. payment in full of subscribed shares.

55. An entry is not made on the

a. date of declaration.
b. date of record.
c. date of payment.
d. An entry is made on all of these dates.

56. Cash dividends are paid on the basis of the number of shares
a. authorized.
b. issued.
c. outstanding.
d. outstanding less the number of treasury shares.

57. Which of the following statements about property dividends is not true?
a. A property dividend is usually in the form of securities of other companies.
b. A property dividend is also called a dividend in kind.
c. The accounting for a property dividend should be based on the carrying value (book
value) of the nonmonetary assets transferred.
d. All of these statements are true.

58. Houser Corporation owns 4,000,000 shares of Baha Corporation. On December 31, 2012,
Houser distributed these shares as a dividend to its shareholders. This is an example of a
a. property dividend.
b. share dividend.
c. liquidating dividend.
d. cash dividend.

59. A dividend which is a return to shareholders of a portion of their original investments is a

a. liquidating dividend.
b. property dividend.
c. liability dividend.
d. participating dividend.
60. A mining company declared a liquidating dividend. The journal entry to record the
declaration must include a debit to
a. Retained Earnings.
b. Share Premium.
c. Accumulated Depletion.
d. Accumulated Depreciation.

61. If management wishes to "capitalize" part of the earnings, it may issue a

a. cash dividend.
b. share dividend.
c. property dividend.
d. liquidating dividend.

62. Which dividends do not reduce equity?

a. Cash dividends
b. Share dividends
c. Property dividends
d. Liquidating dividends

63. The declaration and issuance of a share dividend larger than 25% of the shares
previously outstanding
a. increases ordinary shares outstanding and increases total equity.
b. decreases retained earnings but does not change total equity.
c. may increase or decrease share premium but does not change total equity.
d. increases retained earnings and increases total equity.

64. Quirk Corporation issued a 100% share dividend of its ordinary shares which had a par
value of $10 before and after the dividend. At what amount should retained earnings be
capitalized for the additional shares issued?
a. There should be no capitalization of retained earnings.
b. Par value
c. Fair value on the declaration date
d. Fair value on the payment date

65. The issuer of a 5% ordinary share dividend to ordinary shareholders preferably should
transfer from retained earnings to contributed capital an amount equal to the
a. fair value of the shares issued.
b. book value of the shares issued.
c. minimum legal requirements.
d. par or stated value of the shares issued.

66. At the date of declaration of a small ordinary share dividend, the entry should not include
a. a credit to Ordinary Share Dividend Payable.
b. a credit to Share Premium—Ordinary.
c. a debit to Retained Earnings.
d. All of these are acceptable.
67. The balance in Ordinary Share Dividend Distributable should be reported as a(n)
a. deduction from share capital—ordinary.
b. addition to share capital—ordinary.
c. current liability.
d. contra current asset.

68. A feature common to both share splits and share dividends is

a. a transfer to earned capital of a corporation.
b. that there is no effect on total equity.
c. an increase in total liabilities of a corporation.
d. a reduction in the contributed capital of a corporation.

69. What effect does the issuance of a 2-for-1 share split have on each of the following?
Par Value per Share Retained Earnings
a. No effect No effect
b. Increase No effect
c. Decrease No effect
d. Decrease Decrease

70. Which one of the following disclosures should be made in the equity section of the
statement of financial position, rather than in the notes to the financial statements?
a. Dividend preferences
b. Liquidation preferences
c. Call prices
d. Conversion or exercise prices

71. The rate of return on ordinary share is calculated by dividing

a. net income less preference dividends by average ordinary shareholders’ equity.
b. net income by average ordinary shareholders’ equity.
c. net income less preference dividends by ending ordinary shareholders’ equity.
d. net income by ending ordinary shareholders’ equity.

72. The payout ratio can be calculated by dividing

a. dividends per share by earnings per share.
b. cash dividends by net income less preference dividends.
c. cash dividends by market price per share.
d. dividends per share by earnings per share and dividing cash dividends by net income
less preference dividends.

73. Younger Company has outstanding both ordinary shares and nonparticipating, non-
cumulative preference shares. The liquidation value of the preference shares is equal to
its par value. The book value per share of the ordinary shares is unaffected by
a. the declaration of a share dividend on preference payable in preference shares when
the market price of the preference is equal to its par value.
b. the declaration of a share dividend on ordinary shares payable in ordinary shares
when the market price of the ordinary shares is equal to its par value.
c. the payment of a previously declared cash dividend on the ordinary shares.
d. a 2-for-1 split of the ordinary shares.
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74. Ordinary shareholders' equity divided by the number of shares outstanding is called
a. book value per share.
b. par value per share.
c. stated value per share.
d. market value per share.

75. Which of the following is a required statement under IFRS?

Statement of financial position Statement of changes in equity
a. Yes No
b. Yes Yes
c. No No
d. No Yes

76. Trading on the equity is:

a. The ratio of the company’s cash dividends to net income.
b. A return on assets that is higher than the cost of financing these assets.
c. The amount each share would receive if the company were liquidated.
d. The “Revaluation Surplus” related to increases or decreases in items such as
property, plant, and equipment.

*77. Dividends are not paid on

a. noncumulative preference shares.
b. nonparticipating preference shares.
c. treasury shares.
d. Dividends are paid on all of these.

*78. Noncumulative preferred dividends in arrears

a. are not paid or disclosed.
b. must be paid before any other cash dividends can be distributed.
c. are disclosed as a liability until paid.
d. are paid to preference shareholders if sufficient funds remain after payment of the
current preference dividend.

*79. How should cumulative preference dividends in arrears be shown in a corporation's

statement of financial position?
a. Note disclosure
b. Increase in shareholders' equity
c. Increase in current liabilities
d. Increase in current liabilities for the amount expected to be declared within the year or
operating cycle, and increase in non-current liabilities for the balance