KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA AFS AVADI, CHENNAI-

55

SESSION : 2022-2023

Physics project on

To find the dependence of resistance on

temperature using ammeter.

Submitted to:- Submitted

by:-
Mrs.R.SUGUNA SHRIYA
SHUKLA
Physics Teacher, Class-12, Section-
A*

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work titled “TO FIND
THE DEPENDENCE OF RESISTANCE ON TEMPERATURE
USING AMMETER” submitted by Shriya Shukla (class
XIIth A* ) in partial fulfilment of the credit for the
physics project evaluation from “Kendriya Vidyalaya
AFS Avadi Chennai” , is the bonafide work of the
student done under the guidance and supervision of
Mrs. R.Suguna (PGT PHY.)during session 2022-2023,
as a project report.

Student

Teacher in charge Examiner

Principal

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I must say thanks to my parents who provided me
sufficient money and help in making of this
project.
Mrs.R.Suguna you are the real foundation of
the project done by me. Thank you very much.
Special thanks to my Principal, and my physics
teachers, My physics teacher who gave support to
me and library which provides all useful books
related to this project.
Next on my thank list are my friends who really
showered constructive feedbacks and suggestions
without which this project would not have been in
present form.

SHRIYA SHUKLA
CLASS – 12th, A*
 INDEX
SL.NO. TOPIC

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 AIM

4 APPARATUS REQUIRED

3 THEORY
FORMULA AND CIRCUIT
4 DIAGRAM

5 PROCEDURE

6 OBSERVATIONS

7 RESULT
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

INRTODUCTION
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its
opposition to the flow of electric current. The SI unit of
electrical resistance is the ohm (Ὧ). The resistance of an
object depends in large part on the material is made of –
objects made of electrical insulators like rubber tend to
have very high resistance and low conductivity, while
objects made of electrical conductors like metals tend to
have very low resistance and high conductivity. This
material dependence is quantified by resistivity or
conductivity.

 Drift velocity is the average velocity of all electrons

in the conductor with which they are drifted
towards the positive end of the conductor under the
influence of an external electric field applied.
  Mobility of a current carrier is the ratio of its drift
velocity to the applied field.
 Effect of temperature on resistance:
Resistance of a conductor increases with increase of
temperature.

AIM
“TO FIND THE DEPENDENCE OF RESISTANCE ON
TEMPERATURE USING METER BRIDGE”

APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. AMMETER
2. GALVANOMETER
3. JOCKEY
4. A RESISTANCE BOX
5. UNKNOWN RESISTANCE (COIL)
6. CONNECTING WIRES
7. OIL
8. ICE
9. LAB THERMOMETER
10. BATTERY

THEORY
When we heat a conductor its constituent atoms gets
excited and start vibrating more. This means that free
electrons- the ones which give rise to the ‘current’, when
there’s a potential difference between the ends of the
conductor – collide more and more with the atoms in the
conductor and get ‘hindered’. Thus, the conductor
becomes more resistant to the flow of current through it.
On the other hand, if you cool a conductor, its atoms
vibrate less, and the electrons find it easier to move. So
the conductor becomes less resistant
 FORMULA
V= IR
V
R=
I

R¿
ml
2
n e TA

V= VOLTAGE IN VOLTS
I= CURRENT IN AMPERE
R= KNOWN RESISTANCE IN OHMS

(CIRCUIT DIAGRAM)

PROCEDURE
1. Make the circuit connections
2. Determine the value of unknown resistance X (coil)
using the ohm’s law apparatus at room temperature and
applied temperature.
3. Take a vessel filled with oil heated at a temperature
more than 100 degree Celsius
4. Insert the coil (unknown resistance) inside the coil
with a thermometer and note the temperature.
5. Move the resistance coil and observe the point of zero
deflection in the galvanometer. Simultaneously note the
ammeter reading
6. Repeat the experiment at different temperatures.
7. Take a vessel filled with ice cooled at a temperature
less than 0 degree Celsius
8. Repeat the experiment with ice at different
temperatures.

OBSERVATIONS
UNKNOWN RESISTANCE: [AT ROOM TEMPERATURE]
VOLTMETER AMMETER UNKNOWN
READING (V) READING (A) RESISTANCE
(ohm)
1 0.44 2.2
1.2 0.56 2.1

AVERAGE R: 2.11 ohm

FOR OIL: [AT HIGH TEMPERATURE]
TEMPERATURE VOLTMETER AMMETER RESISTANCE
(DEGREE READING (V) READING (ohms)
CELSIUS) (A)
110 0.08 0.3 2.6
110 1.2 0.46 2.6
110 1.6 0.68 2.3
110 2 0.92 2.1
110 2.4 1 2.4

AVERAGE R: 2.4 ohms.

FOR ICE: [AT LOW TEMPERATURE]
TEMPERATURE VOLTMETER AMMETER RESISTANCE
(DEGREE READING (V) READING (ohms)
CELSIUS) (A)
0 0.6 0.6 1
0 0.8 0.7 1.1
0 0.4 0.44 0.9
0 0.5 0.4 0.8
0 1 0.86 1.1

AVERAGE R : 0.98 ohms.

RESULT
As the temperature increases the resistance of conductor
increases.
As the temperature decreases the resistance of
conductor decreases
 WITH INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE

 WITH DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE

PRECAUTIONS
1. Thick copper wire should be used for the connections
after removing the insulations near their ends.
2. The connections must be tight.
3. Ammeter and voltmeter should be of proper range.

SOURCES OF ERRORS
1. The wire might be non uniform
2. There may be some loose connections.
3. Rheostat may have high resistance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.google.co.in
www.ncert.nic.in
www.livestrong.com