Evolution of
Intel Processors
1
Intel Core i7
Intel 4004
2 Contents
Introduction
4-bit processors
8-bit processors
16-bit processors
32-bit processors
64-bit processors
Modern Trends
Conclusion
3 Introduction
Founded on July 18, 1968
Founders:
❑ Robert Noyce
❑ Gorden Moore
❑ Andrew Intel Corporation
Headquartered in Santa Clara, California
Grew as start up in 1968 to industrial grant by 1981
Above1 lakhs employees, $55 billion revenue
4
Intel 4004
First 4-bit microprocessor
Introduced November 15, 1971 by Intel
First commercially available computer processor
Clock rate 740 kHz.
Executes 60,000 instructions per second
Instruction set contained 46 instructions
Number of Transistors 2,300 at 10 µm
Addressable Memory 640 bytes
Register set contained 16 registers
Designed to be used in Busicom calculator
5
Intel 4040
Successor of Intel 4004
Introduced in 1974
Clock Speed 500 – 740 kHz
Instruction set increased to 60 instructions
Number of Transistors 3,000 at 10 µm
Register set increased to 24 registers
6
Intel 8008
First 8-bit processor
Introduced April 1, 1972
Clock Speed 500 kHz
Execute 50,000 instructions per second
Number of Transistors 3,500 at 10 µm
Addressable Memory 16 KB
Register set contained 7 registers
Designed for use in Datapoint 2200 microcomputer
7
Intel 8080
Introduced April, 1974
Clock Speed 2 MHz
Transistors 4,500 at 6 µm
10 times faster than Intel 8008
Execute 500,000 instructions per second
8
Intel 8085
Introduced 1976
Clock Speed 3 MHz
Executes 0.37 MIPS
Number of transistors 6,500 at 3 μm
100 million copies were sold
9
Intel 8086
First 16-bit processor
Introduced in June 8, 1978
Introduction of x86 architecture
Clock speed is 4.77 – 10 MHz
29,000 transistors at 3 µm
Execute 2.5 MIPS
Used in portable computing, IBM PS/2 computers
10
Intel 8088
Introduced June 1, 1979
Backward compatible 8086
Clock speed is 5 – 10 MHz
Created as a cheaper version of Intel’s 8086
Used first in IBM-PC
Highly successful due to large sale of IBM-PC
11 Intel 80186 & 80188
Introduced in 1982
Clock speed was 6 MHz
80188 was a cheaper version of 80186
55,000 transistors at 3 µm
Had additional components like:
❑ Interrupt Controller
❑ Clock Generator
❑ Local Bus Controller
❑ Counters
12
Intel 80286
Introduced in February 2, 1982
Clock speed was 8 MHz
134,000 transistors at 1.5 µm
Execute 4 MIPS
First with memory management, protection abilities
Introduces “Virtual Memory Concept”
Widely used in IBM PC
13
Intel 80386
First 32-bit processor
Introduced in October 17, 1985
Clock speed 16 – 33 MHz
2,75,000 transistors at 1.5 µm
Address 4 GB of memory
Concept of paging was introduced
Best selling microprocessor in history
14
Intel 80486
Introduced in 1989
1.2 million transistors at 1 µm
Clock speed 16 – 100 MHz
1 TB Virtual Memory
Cache Memory of 8 KB was introduced
Used in Desktop computing and Servers
15
Intel Pentium
Introduced in March 22, 1993
Originally named 80586
Clock speed 60 – 66 MHz
Executes 110 MIPS
3.1 million transistors at 0.8 µm
Virtual Memory 64 TB
16 KB L1 cache memory
16
Intel Pentium Pro
Introduced in November 1, 1995
Clock speed 150 – 200 MHz
5.5 million transistors at 0.5 µm
16 KB L1 cache memory
256 KB L2 cache memory
Access up to 64GB of memory
Primarily designed for servers
Used in ASCI Red supercomputer
17
Intel Pentium II
Introduced on May 7, 1997
Clock speed 233 - 450 MHz
7.5 million transistors at 0.35 µm
Execute 333 MIPS
L2 cache & processor were on one circuit
18
Intel Pentium III
Introduced on Feb 26, 1999
Clock speed 0.45 – 1.4 GHz
9.5 million transistors at 0.25 µm
L2 cache increased to 512 KB
Used faster core than its predecessor
19
Intel Pentium IV
Introduced on November 20, 2000
Clock speed 1.3 – 3.8 GHz
42 million transistors at 0.18 µm
Widely popular processor
Used in desktops, laptops & entry level
servers as well
20 Intel Atom
Introduced on 2008
32 or 64 bit processor
Single, Dual Core processor
Clock speed 0.6 – 2.13 GHz
47 million transistors at 45 nm
Also know as CentrinoAtom
Low power, small size processor
Widely used in Portable Netbooks
21
Intel Celeron
32 bit or 64 bit processor
Introduced on April, 1998
Single, Dual Core processor
Clock speed 0.26 – 3.6 GHz
2MB L3 cache
Used in budget range PC’s
22
Intel Xeon
32 bit or 64 bit processor
In use from 1998
Clock speed 0.4 – 4.4 GHz
Up to 16 cores
Up to 24MB L3 cache
Very high end processor
Used for non-consumer workstation, server
23
Intel Pentium Dual Core
32 bit or 64 bit processor
Introduced on 2006
Dual Core processor
Clock speed 1.3 – 2.6 GHz
228 million transistors at 90 nm
Support for Simultaneous Multi-Threading
24 Intel Core 2 Series
Pure 64 bit processor
Introduced on July 27, 2006
Multi core on a single chip
Dual, Quad Core processor
Clock speed 1.06 – 3.33 GHz
291 million transistors at 45 nm
64 KB of L1 cache per core
4 MB of L2 cache
Core 2 Duo widely used in desktops, laptops
Core 2 Quad used for business purposes
25 Intel Core i3
Introduced in January 7, 2010
Clock Speed 1.2 – 3.7 GHz
4 MB L3 cache
Dual Core processor
2 – 4 logical processors
Supports Hyper threading
Entry level processor in today’s era
Supports in-built security features
26 Intel Core i5
Introduced September 8, 2009
Clock Speed 1.06 – 3.6 GHz
Support for Hyper Threading
Support for Turbo Boost
Dual Core mobile processor
Dual, Quad Core desktop processor
4 logical processors
4 – 8 MB L3 cache
Mid to High end processor series
Desktop versions comes with support for Overclocking
27 Intel Core i7
Introduced November 17, 2008
Clock Speed 1.6 – 4.4 GHz
Dual, Quad Core processor
4 – 8 logical processors
6 – 15 MB L3 cache
High end processor Series
Comes with support for Overclocking
Widely used in Gaming Laptops
28 Modern Trends of Processor
Intel was the first microprocessor producer
Intel owns more than 83% microprocessor market share
Intel supplies processors to Apple, Samsung, HP, Dell & others
Intel Core i3, i5 Dual Core are most sold in India
Gaming Geeks use i7 processors, along with a high power
GPU for enhanced performance
Processors with suffix “K” can be Overclocked for getting
ultimate performance
Servers, Workstations are deployed on Intel Xeon chips
29
Conclusion
Growth is tremendous
Speed of microprocessor is increasing day-by-day
Architecture has been reduced to very small, 22 nm
Microprocessor are also used in various devices like
mobiles, watches, ATM, cameras
Price reduced in recent years
Much more in the upcoming years
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References
"An Introduction to the Intel Family of Microprocessors,"
by J. L. Antonakos, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999
http://www.cpu-world.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors
http://www.intel.com/museum/visit.htm
http://ark.intel.com/
http://www.intel.com/pressroom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor
http://www.scm.tees.ac.uk/users/a.clements/History
http://www.buzzle.com/articles
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