Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2

Perform Computer Operation

Trainer: Mr. Beeneil A. Quitola

Qualification Title: N/A NC Level: N/A Total Training Hours: 20

Name of TVI: Angelita V. Del Mundo Foundation (AVM Foundation) Inc.
Competency/ies to be Achieved and LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Learning Outcomes At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Plan and prepare for task to be undertake
2. Input data into computer
3. Access information using computer
4. Produce/output data using computer system
5. Maintain computer equipment and systems

Learning Activities/ Tasks 1. Read Information Sheet

2. Answer Self-Check
3. Perform Task Sheet
Training Period / Training Duration Week 3
Training Method Blended Learning (Online & Modular - Print)
Method of Assessment Written test, Practical/ Performance Test & Interview
Learning/Training Resources CBLM
Learning Management System (LMS)

Lesson 2 Input Device Keyboard

Development of Computer Keyboard

The evolution of the typewriter is part of the ongoing history of the human need to communicate. The development of the typewriter was the result of a
desire both to speed up this process and to produce an aid for the blind in reading and writing. Gradually a machine emerged that revolutionised the work of the
writer. Painstaking tasks that like were normally carried out by hand could be carried out in minutes on the machine, leaving time to enjoy the 'finer things in life'. As
the first Remington adverts declared; 'To save time is to lengthen life.

The first patent for a 'writing machine' was given to Henry Mill in 1714. Sadly there are no surviving details to prove its existence as a working machine.

The first known typewriter was invented in the United States of America by William Burt in 1830. This was called a Typographer and printed one single
letter after another. From this point on there was a flood of designs both in the United States and Europe, causing some dispute over who invented what
components. These machines were usually one-offs and it was not until 1874 that a typewriter became a commercial success.

The first commercially successful typewriter was developed by Christopher Latham Sholes in 1873. Originally, the keys were arranged alphabetically.
However, a problem soon arose. People became so adept at using the keyboard that the keys would stick or jam when struck in quick succession. In order to
overcome this problem Sholes decided to make the job of typing as slow as he possibly could. His solution? He placed the most frequently used keys as far apart
from each other as he could. His keyboard became known as the QWERTY keyboard.

During the 1880's many different types of typewriters were designed, but the one which developed the style we know today was the Underwood No.1,
invented by F. X. Wagner and produced by the Wagner and Underwood Company.

The development of the portable typewriter created further opportunities for the writer. The production of a lightweight machine allowed typing to occur
outside the normal workplace. One of the first portable machines was the Blickensderfer in 1893. The merit of such designs was realised during the First World War
when forces recorded information in the trenches using portable typewriters.

Another advance in design and mechanics came with the development of the electric typewriter.
The advantage of an electric machine was greater speed and legibility. Early attempts date back as far as 1871 when George Arrington and Thomas A. Edison
(famous for inventing the light bulb) obtained a patent for an electrically driven typewriter. The public was slow to accept the machine, as many did not trust its
reliability. It took until the middle of the 1950s for them to be successful, with some of the most popular being those produced by IBM.

1
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2

The keys on computer keyboards are often classified as follows:

 Alphanumeric keys -- letters and numbers
 Punctuation keys -- comma, period, semicolon, and so on.
 Special keys -- function keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key, and so on.

The standard layout of letters, numbers, and punctuation is known as a QWERTY keyboard because the first six keys on the top row of letters spell
QWERTY. The QWERTY keyboard was designed in the 1800s for mechanical typewriters and was actually designed to slow typists down to avoid jamming the
keys. Another keyboard design, which has letters positioned for speed typing, is the Dvorak keyboard.

Qwerty keyboard
Pronounced kwer-tee, refers to the arrangement of keys on a standard English computer keyboard or typewriter. The name derives from the first six
characters on the top alphabetic line of the keyboard.

The arrangement of characters on a QWERTY keyboard was designed in 1868 by Christopher Sholes, the inventor of the typewriter. According to popular
myth, Sholes arranged the keys in their odd fashion to prevent jamming on mechanical typewriters by separating commonly used letter combinations. However,
there is no evidence to support this assertion, except that the arrangement does, in fact, inhibit fast typing.

With the emergence of ball-head electric typewriters and computer keyboards, on which jamming is not an issue, new keyboards designed for speed
typing have been invented. The best-known is called a Dvorak keyboard. Despite their more rational designs, these new keyboards have not received wide
acceptance.

Dvorak keyboard
A keyboard designed for speed typing. The Dvorak keyboard was designed in the 1930s by
August Dvorak, a professor of education, and his brother-in-law, William Dealy. Unlike the traditional
QWERTY keyboard, the Dvorak keyboard is designed so that the middle row of keys includes the most common letters. In addition, common letter combinations are
positioned in such a way that they can be typed quickly.

It has been estimated that in an average eight-hour day, a typist's hands travel 16 miles on a QWERTY keyboard, but only 1 mile on a Dvorak keyboard.

In addition to the standard Dvorak keyboard, there are two additional Dvorak keyboards, a lefthanded and right-handed keyboard. These keyboards are
designed for people who have only one hand for typing.

There is no standard computer keyboard, although many manufacturers imitate the keyboards of PCs. There are actually three different PC keyboards:
the original PC keyboard, with 84 keys; the AT keyboard, also with 84 keys; and the enhanced keyboard, with 101 keys. The three differ somewhat in the placement
of function keys, the Control key, the Return key, and the Shift keys.

2
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2
Enhanced Keyboard
A 101- or 102-key keyboard from IBM that supersedes the keyboard for the PC /AT computer. The most significant difference between the enhanced
keyboard and previous models is that the enhanced keyboard has a row of 12 function keys at the top instead of 10 function keys grouped on the left side of the
keyboard. Nearly all PCs made today come with an Enhanced Keyboard.

In addition to these keys, IBM keyboards contain the following keys: Page Up, Page Down, Home, End, Insert, Pause, Num Lock, Scroll Lock, Break,
Caps Lock, Print Screen.

There are several different types of keyboards for the Apple Macintosh. All of them are called ADB keyboards because they connect to the Apple Desktop
bus (ADB). The two main varieties of Macintosh keyboards are the standard keyboard and the extended keyboard, which has 15 additional special-function keys.

ADB
Abbreviation of “Apple Desktop Bus”, a type of communications pathway built into all pre-G4 versions of the Apple Macintosh computer since the SE
(except the iMac and the ibook). It is used to connect low-speed input devices such as the keyboard and mouse. ADB ports are designated with the icon. A single
ADB port can support as many as 16 simultaneous input devices.

Extended Keyboard
A keyboard for Macintosh computers that contains up to 15 function keys above the alphanumeric keys, and a numeric keypad. It is sometimes called an
enhanced keyboard because of its similarity to the PC enhanced keyboard.

Types of keyboards
There are four types of keyboards for PCs. The first three were invented by IBM, while the latter is the result of changes made when Microsoft Windows 95 was
released. These are the four kinds of keyboards:
• The 83-key keyboard (PC/XT) The 84-key keyboard (PC/AT)
• The 102-key keyboard, called the extended keyboard The 105-key
Microsoft Windows 95-compatible keyboard.

PC/XT keyboards
This was the first keyboard for the PC, and was unusual in that it was separate from the computer, unlike the other computers of the time (such as the
Apple II and the Amiga), whose keyboards were integrated within them.

This keyboard included 83 keys, but was criticised for the arrangement of the keys and their disproportionate size (especially the Shift and Enter keys,
which were too small and poorly placed). What's more, communication between the keyboard and the CPU was one-way, meaning that the keyboard couldn't
include an LED indicator.

PC/AT keyboards
The PC/AT keyboard, which had 84 keys, was introduced for the PC/AT computer in 1984.

This keyboard corrected the errors of its predecessor, largely by resizing the Shift and Enter keys. Additionally, the keyboard was bidirectional, meaning
that it could display its status using LED indicator lights. Finally, the motherboard on the PC/AT included a controller for adjusting the settings:
• The repetition frequency (the number of characters sent per second when a key was depressed)
• The repetition delay: The length of time before a computer would consider a key to be depressed, in order to distinguish typing a single character from
holding down a key

Extended keyboards
The new IBM-compatible computers launched in 1986 came with 102-key keyboards.

3
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2
This new keyboard included different blocks of keys: Starting with this model, the function keys were moved to the top of the keyboard, while cursor
control keys, represented by arrows, were added.

Microsoft Windows-compatible keyboards

Microsoft has defined three new keys, which are used for shortcuts to certain Windows features.

These three new keys are, from left to right: The left Windows key
• The right Windows key
• The Application key

Here are a few shortcuts using these new keys:

Combination Description
WIN - E Display the browser
WIN - F Find a file
WIN - F1 Show help
WIN - M Minimise all desktop windows
WIN - Pause Show system properties
WIN - Tab Scroll through the taskbar
WIN - R Show the "Run" dialog box

Special keys
Special keys on the keyboard that have different meanings depending on which program is running. Function keys are normally labeled F1 to F10 or F12
(or F15 on Macintoshes). On older PCs, for example, 10 function keys are grouped on the left side of the keyboard; new PCs have the enhanced keyboard, with
twelve function keys aligned along the top of the keyboard.

Control Key
A key on PC keyboards labeled Ctrl. You use the Control key in the same way that you use the Shift key -- keeping it pressed down while pressing
another character. The result is a control key combination , which can have different meanings depending on which program is running. On Macintoshes, the Control
key is called an Apple key or Command key.

Computer Keyboard Key Explanation

Symbol Explanation Home Home key
Windows PC keyboards have a Page up Page up or pgup key
Windows key represented by a flag. Page down Page down or pgdn key
Command Apple Mac computers have a command Num Lock Num Lock key
key. ~ Tilde

F1 - F12 See document

CH000306 for information about these keys. ` Acute, Back quote,
grave, grave accent, left quote, open quote, or a push
Tab Tab key
Caps lock Caps lock key ! Exclamation mark,
Shift Shift key Exclamation point, or Bang
Ctrl Ctrl key @ At or At symbol
Alt Alt key (PC Only; Mac # Octothorpe, Number,
users have Option key) Pound, sharp, or Hash
Back Space Back space key £ Pounds Sterling or
Delete Delete or Del key Pound symbol
Enter Enter key € Euro
Prt Scrn Print screen key $ Dollar sign

4
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2
Scroll lock Scroll lock key ¢ Cent sign
Pause Pause key ¥ Japanese Yen
Break Break key $ Generic currency
Insert Insert key § Micro
% Percent \ Backslash or Reverse
° Degree Solidus
^ Caret or Circumflex / Forward slash, Solidus,
& Ampersand or And Virgule, or Whack
§ Section

* referred to as Asterisk and sometimes

star. : Colon
( Open parenthesis ; Semicolon
) Close parenthesis " Quote, Quotation mark,
- Hyphen, Minus or Dash or Inverted commas
' Apostrophe or Single
Quote
_ Underscore
+ Plus
< Less Than or Angle
brackets
= Equals
{ Open Brace
> Greater Than or Angle
brackets
} Close Brace
[ Open bracket , Comma
] Close bracket . Period, dot or Full Stop
| Pipe, Or, or Vertical bar ? Question Mark

Basic PC shortcut keys

The below basic shortcut keys are a listing of shortcut keys that will work with almost all IBM compatible computers and software programs. It is highly
recommended that all users keep a good reference of the below short cut keys and/or try to memorize the below keys. Doing so will dramatically increase your
productivity.

Shortcut Keys Description

Alt + F File menu options in current program.
Alt + E Edit options in current program
F1 Universal Help in almost every Windows program.
Ctrl + A Select all text.
Ctrl + X Cut selected item.
Shift + Del Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
Ctrl + V Paste
Shift + Ins Paste
Home Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.
End Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End Goes to end of document.
Shift + Home Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift + End Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl + Left arrow Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow Moves one word to the right at a time.

5
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2
Top 10 keyboard shortcuts everyone should know
Using keyboard shortcuts can often cut the time it takes to do something on a computer in half. Below are our top 10 keyboard shortcuts we recommend
everyone memorize and use. Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert Copy the highlighted text or selected item.

Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert Paste the text or object that's in the clipboard.

Ctrl + Z and Ctrl + Y Undo any change. For example, if you cut text, pressing this will undo it.
This can also often be pressed multiple times to undo multiple changes.
Pressing Ctrl + Y would re-do the undo.

Ctrl + F - Open the Find in any program. This includes your Internet browser to find text on the current page.

Alt + Tab or Alt + Esc Quickly switch between open programs.

F1 Open help for the program you're in.

Ctrl + P Print what's currently being viewed in programs such as Microsoft Word or your Internet browser.

Ctrl + Left arrow / Right arrowMove the cursor one word at a time instead of one character at a time. If you wanted to highlight one word at a time you can hold down
Ctrl + Alt and then press the left or right arrow key to move one word at a time in that direction while highlighting each
word.

Ctrl + Home / End Move the cursor to the beginning or end of a document.

Page Up / Space bar and Page Down Pressing either the page up or page down key will move that page one page at a time in that direction. When browsing
the Internet pressing the space bar will also move the page down one page at a time.

What are the F1 through F12 keys?

Answer:
Commonly known as "function keys", F1 through F12 may have a variety of different uses or no use at all. Depending on the installed operating system
and the software program currently open will change how each of these keys operate. A program is capable of not only using each of the function keys, but also
combining the function keys with the ALT and/or CTRL keys, for example, Microsoft Windows users can press ALT + F4 to close the program currently active.

Below is a short-listing of some of the common functions of the functions keys on computers running Microsoft Windows. As mentioned above not all
programs support function keys and/or may perform different tasks then those mentioned below. If you are looking for more specific shortcut keys and function key
examples we suggest seeing our shortcut key page.

F1 Almost always used as the help key, almost every program will open the help screen when this key is pressed.
Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and support center. Open the Task Pane.

F2 In Windows commonly used to rename a highlighted icon or file.

Alt + Ctrl + F2 opens a new document in Microsoft Word.
Ctrl + F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word.

F3 Often opens a search feature for many programs including Microsoft Windows.
Shift + F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.

F4 Open find window.

Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
Alt + F4 will close the program currently active in Microsoft Windows.
Ctrl + F4 will close the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows.

F5 In all modern Internet browsers pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window. Open the find, replace, and go to
window in Microsoft Word.
Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint.

6
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2
F6 Move the cursor to the Address bar in Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. Ctrl + Shift + F6 opens to
another open Microsoft Word document.

F7 Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.
Shift + F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
Turns on Caret browsing in Mozilla Firefox.

F8 Function key used to enter the Windows startup menu, commonly use to get into Windows Safe Mode.

F9 Opens the Measurements toolbar in Quark 5.0.

F10 In Microsoft Windows activates the menu bar of an open application.

Shift + F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.

F11 Full-screen mode in all modern Internet browsers.

F12 Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word.

Shift + F12 save the Microsoft Word document.
Ctrl + Shift + F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.

Keyboard Scan Codes: Set 2 *All values are in

hexadecimal 101-, 102-, and 104-key keyboards:

7
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2

DO NOT RETURN THIS MODULE.

KEEP IT AS NOTES FOR FUTURE TOPICS & ASSESSMENTS.

8
Perform Computer Operations (PCO) Lesson 2

Lesson 2 Input Device Keyboard Assessment

Name: Date:
Section: Score:

IDENTIFICATION: Identify the word/term that is defined or described by the following statements/examples. (10 Points)

1. ____________________, Almost always used as the help key, almost every program will open the help screens when this key is
pressed.
2. ____________________, Copy selected item.
3. ____________________, Cut selected item.
4. ____________________, In all modern Internet browsers pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window.
5. ____________________, In Windows commonly used to rename a highlighted icon or file.
6. ____________________, Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word.
7. ____________________, Paste the cut or copy item.
8. ____________________, This are the comma, period, semicolon, and so on.
9. ____________________, This are the function keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key, and so on.
10. ____________________, This are the letters and numbers keys.

ESSAY: Discuss briefly and give or enumerate examples. (15 Points).

 Importance of using SHORTCUT KEYS

PLEASE RETURN THIS ACTIVITY SHEET TO YOUR TEACHER

FOR CHECKING AND RECORDING PURPOSES.