SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,

11
ENGINEERING, AND
MATEMATICS

ONE TO ONE
FUNCTIONS

Q1 WEEK NO. 4
WEEK 4 OBJECTIVES

 Represent real-life situations using one-to-one functions.

 Determine the inverse of a one-to-one function.
 Represent an inverse function through its (a) table of values,
and (b) graph.
 Find the domain and range of an inverse function.
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

In real-life situations, you can find one-to-one relationships

everywhere. They describe a relationship in which one item can
be paired with another item. But in order to be a one-to-one
relationship, you must be able to flip the relationship so that it’s
true both ways.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.
SIM cards are exclusive, so their
information is unique. The mobile number
and all the stored data in each SIM card
cannot be copied or duplicated.
Remember that SIM card stands for
Subscriber Identity Module, so once you
insert it in your cell phone; it is your
phone’s ID. Thus, the function is one-to-
one.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.

Each student is assigned to a

unique student number and
cannot be assigned the same
student number. Thus, the
function is one-to-one.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.

One person has one passport,

and the passport is owned by
one person. Thus, the function
is one-to-one.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.

Teacher probably has whole

classroom students, making
that relationship one-to-many
instead of one-to-one. Thus,
the function is not one-to-
one.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATONS
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a
function, determine whether it is one-to-one or not.

In monogamous relationship,
one person has one partner,
who is only partnered with
that person. Thus, the
function is one-to-one.
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

Functions are described as mapping of its domain to its range.

Recall that a relation is one-to-one if and only if each element of
its domain corresponds to a unique element in its range, and
each element of its range corresponds to a unique element
of its domain.
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

DEFINITION:

The function f is one-to-one if for any 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 in the domain of 𝑓, then

𝑓(𝑥1 ) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥2 ). That is, the same y-value is never paired with two
different x-values.
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE
2
f 1

4 3

6 5

8 7
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE Relation f is one-to-one

because there are no two
f
2 1 distinct inputs that
correspond to the same
4 3 output.

6 5

8 7
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE
-5
f 1

0 4

8 9

15
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

DOMAIN RANGE Relation 𝑔 is

not one-to-one because
f
-5 1 two different inputs, 0
and 8, have the same
0 4 output of 4.

8 9

15
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

Is 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 7 a one to one function or not?

ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

Is 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 7 a one to one function or not?

Answer: It is one-to-one because if 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 are real numbers
such that 𝑓 𝑥1 = 𝑓(𝑥2 ), then
2𝑥1 − 7 = 2𝑥2 − 7
2𝑥1 = 2𝑥2
𝑥1 = 𝑥2
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

A simple way to determine if a given graph is that of a one-to-one

function is by using the horizontal and vertical line test.
Vertical Line Test- It says that if a vertical line drawn anywhere
through the graph of a relation intersects the relation in more
than one location, then the relation is not a function.
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION

A simple way to determine if a given graph is that of a one-to-one

function is by using the horizontal and vertical line test.
Horizontal Line Test- It says that if a horizontal line drawn
anywhere through the graph of a function intersects the
function in more than one location, then the function is not one-
to-one and invertible.
ONE TO ONE FUNCTION
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each function is one-to-one or not.

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 5
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each function is one-to-one or not.

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 5
𝑓 𝑥1 = 𝑓 𝑥2
2𝑥1 − 5 = 2𝑥2 − 5
2𝑥1 = 2𝑥2
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑛𝑒
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each function is one-to-one or not.

2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each function is one-to-one or not.

2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3
𝑓 𝑥1 = 𝑓 𝑥2
𝑥12 + 3 = 𝑥22 + 3
𝑥12 = 𝑥22
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each function is one-to-one or not.

2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3

2 2
𝑥1 = 𝑥2
±𝑥1 = ±𝑥2
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓 2 = 𝑓 −2 = 7
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each graph represents a one-to-one or not.

3.
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each graph represents a one-to-one or not.

3. Use horizontal line test.
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each graph represents a one-to-one or not.

3.
not one-to-one function, the
horizontal line intersects the
graph at two points.
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each graph represents a one-to-one or not.

4.
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each graph represents a one-to-one or not.

4.
Use horizontal line test.
EXAMPLES

Determine whether each graph represents a one-to-one or not.

4.
one-to-one function, any horizontal
line intersects the graph at exactly
one point.
INVERSE FUNCTION

A relation reversing the process performed

by any function f(x) is called inverse of f(x).
INVERSE FUNCTION

The domain of the inverse is

the range of the original
function and that the range of
the inverse is the domain of
the original function.
INVERSE FUNCTION

x 20 30 50 100
y 68 86 122 212

x 68 86 122 212
y 20 30 50 100
INVERSE FUNCTION

DEFINITION:

Let 𝑓 be a one-to-one function with domain A and range B. Then

the inverse of 𝑓 denoted 𝑓 −1 , is a function with domain B and
range A defined by 𝑓 −1 𝑦 = 𝑥 if and only if 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑦 for any
y in B.
PROPERTIES OF INVERSE FUNCTION

Given a one-to-one function 𝑓(𝑥) and its inverse 𝑓 −1 (𝑥), then

the following are true:

 The inverse of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is 𝑓(𝑥)

 𝑓 𝑓 −1 𝑥 = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑓 −1
 𝑓 −1 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑓
EXAMPLE #1

Find the inverse of the function described by the set of ordered

pairs 𝑓 = { 0, −2 , 1,0 , 2,2 , 3,4 , 4,6 }

STEPS SOLUTION
1. Interchange the coordinates of each Inverse Function:
ordered pair to obtain 𝑓 −1 . 𝒇−𝟏 = { −𝟐, 𝟎 𝟎, 𝟏 , 𝟐, 𝟐 𝟒, 𝟑 , 𝟔, 𝟒 }
EXAMPLE #2

The function 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 1 is one to one, find its inverse.

STEPS SOLUTION
1. Write the equation of the function. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 1
2. Interchange the variables x and y. 𝑥 = 5𝑦 − 1
3. Solve for y in terms of x. 𝑥 = 5𝑦 − 1
𝑥 + 1 = 5𝑦
𝒙+𝟏
𝒚=
𝟓
EXAMPLE #2

The function 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 1 is one to one, find its inverse.

STEPS SOLUTION
3. Solve for y in terms of x. 𝑥 = 5𝑦 − 1
𝑥 + 1 = 5𝑦
𝒙+𝟏
𝒚=
𝟓
4. Replace y with 𝑓 −1 𝑥 because the −𝟏
𝒙+𝟏
inverse is a function. 𝒇 (𝒙) =
𝟓
EXAMPLE #3
2𝑥+1
Find the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥
STEPS SOLUTION
1. Replace 𝑔(𝑥) with y. 2𝑥 + 1
𝑦=
4𝑥
2. Interchange the variables x and y. 2𝑦 + 1
𝑥=
4𝑦
3. Solve for y in terms of x. 4𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 1𝑥 4𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 1

4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 1
EXAMPLE #3
2𝑥+1
Find the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥
STEPS SOLUTION
3. Solve for y in terms of x. 4𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 1𝑥 4𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 1

4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 1
𝑦 4𝑥 − 2 = 1
1
𝑦=
4𝑥 − 2
EXAMPLE #3
2𝑥+1
Find the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥
STEPS SOLUTION
4. Replace y with 𝑓 −1 𝑥 because the −1
1
inverse is a function. 𝑓 (𝑥) =
4𝑥 − 2
GRAPH OF INVERSE FUNCTION

Given the graph of one-to-one function, the graph of its inverse

can be obtained by reflecting the graph about the line y=x.
EXAMPLE

Graph the inverse of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥

STEPS SOLUTION
1. Find the inverse of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦= 𝑥
(Make sure to follow the steps in finding 𝑥= 𝑦
inverse functions). 𝑓 −1 𝑥 = 𝑥 2
2. Assign values for x and solve for y. x 4 1 0 1 4
y -2 -1 0 1 2
EXAMPLE

Graph the inverse of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥

STEPS SOLUTION
3. Interchange the coordinates of each x -2 -1 0 1 2
ordered pair to obtain 𝑓 −1
y 4 1 0 1 4
EXAMPLE

Graph the inverse of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥

STEPS SOLUTION
4. Graph the inverse of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥
EXAMPLE

3
Find the inverse of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 using the given
graph.
EXAMPLE

Step 1: Applying the horizontal line test, we confirm that the

function is one-to-one.

Step 2: Reflect the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) across the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 to get

the plot of the inverse function.
EXAMPLE

The result of the reflection of

3
the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
3
is the graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1.
−𝟏 𝟑
Therefore, 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝟏
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

To find the domain and the range of the inverse function, go

back to the original function, and then interchange the domain
and the range of the original function.
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥

To get the domain and range of the inverse, we just switch the
domain and range of the original function.
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE
2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥

2𝑥+1
The domain of 𝑔 𝑥 = can be obtained by setting the
4𝑥
denominator to zero:
4𝑥 = 0
𝑥=0
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥

4𝑥 = 0
𝑥=0
This means that zero is not part of the domain of g(x),
Domain of g(x): 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑥 ≠ 0}
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥

For the range of g(x), we solve for x in terms of y:

2𝑥 + 1
𝑦=
4𝑥
4𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 1
𝑥(4𝑦 − 2) = 1
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE
2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥

𝑥(4𝑦 − 2) = 1
1
𝑥=
4𝑦 − 2

Then, set the denominator to zero and solve for y.

4𝑦 − 2 = 0
4𝑦 = 2
FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥
Then, set the denominator to zero and solve for y.
4𝑦 − 2 = 0
4𝑦 = 2
2 1
𝑦= =
4 2

This means that ½ is not part of the range of g(x).

FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥

This means that ½ is not part of the range of g(x).

Range of g(x): 𝑦 ∈ ℝ 𝑦 ≠ 1/2}

FINDING DOMAIN AND RANGE

2𝑥+1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of 𝑔 𝑥 =
4𝑥
Domain of g(x): 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑥 ≠ 0}
Range of g(x): 𝑦 ∈ ℝ 𝑦 ≠ 1/2}

The domain and range of its inverse 𝑔−1 (𝑥) are therefore,
Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑥 ≠ 1/2}
Range: 𝑦 ∈ ℝ 𝑦 ≠ 0}