Module-2-Hysys Simulation Manual CE-603
Module-2-Hysys Simulation Manual CE-603
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Karachi
Course Code: CE‐603
Chemical Process Design and Simulation
HYSYS Lab Practical Manual
Index of Lab Assignments
1. Determination of Influence of Air Ratio on Combustion Temperature .......................................... 2
2. Determination of Equilibrium Yield Using a Gibb’s Reactor ........................................................... 4
3. Develop a table for Saturated Steam .............................................................................................. 6
4. Introductory Compressor Working ................................................................................................. 8
5. Modeling a Real Separator in HYSYS ............................................................................................. 10
6. Dynamic De‐Pressuring ................................................................................................................. 11
1 | P a g e
1. Determination of Influence of Air Ratio on Combustion
Temperature
Object:
The objective is to determine the combustion temperature for a given mixture of combustible gas at
a given pressure and determining the influence of air ratio on reaction temperature.
Basis:
Gas Mixture
Component Mol %
Methane 85
Ethane 3
Propane 1
Nitrogen 9
Carbon Dioxide 2
• Pressure: 1 barg, Temperature: 50°C, Flow: 1000 kmole/hr
• Air Composition (Mol %):
• Oxygen: 21%, Nitrogen: 78%, Water: 1%
• Pressure: 1 barg, Temperature 35°C
• (Note: 1 mol of the given gas requires 1.855 mol of oxygen or 8.8333 mol of air of the given
composition so 1000 kmol/hr of gas requires 8,833.3 kmol/hr)
• Assume complete combustion
2 | P a g e
Steps:
1. Add the components CH4, C2H6, C3H8, CO2, N2, O2, H2O
2. Select the “Peng‐Robinson” property package
3. Add the three combustion reactions as follows:
4. Add the reaction set to fluid package
5. Enter the simulation environment
6. Define streams “Gas” & “Air” with the respective data. A defined stream will appear in blue
colour.
7. Add a conversion reactor link the “reaction set” to it in its reaction tab.
a. Open the unit operations by either clicking from menu Flowsheet > Add Operation
or by pressing F12.
b. From the categories select “reactors” and add a conversion reactor.
c. Double click on the reactor and go to the reactions tab and link the “Reaction Set” to
the one you had defined. If no reaction set appears it means that a proper reaction
set was not associated to the fluid package.
8. Connect the “Gas” and “Air” streams and take out streams from the reactor. Note the
temperature of the reacted stream. This will give reaction temperature at 100% theoretical
air or 0% excess air.
9. Change the air flow to 100%, 200%, 300% and 400% excess air (17666.6, 26500, 35333.3 and
44166.6 kmol/hr Air respectively) and note the temperatures. These are your readings for
the practical.
Real Life Decision:
If a turbine vendor requires a combustion temperature limit of 750°C maximum for the blades of the
turbine to last 3 years of service, what would be the air flow required using the given gas?
3 | P a g e
2. Determination of Equilibrium Yield Using a Gibb’s Reactor
Object:
The objective is to determine the multi‐reaction equilibrium yield of benzene hydrogenation
reaction using a Gibb’s Reactor operation unit in HYSYS.
Theory:
The process of vapour phase benzene saturation is used to produce Cyclohexane. During this
process, some by products are produced of which Methyl Cyclopentane is dominant. The process
operates at an inlet temperature of 180°C and a reaction temperature controlled to 230°C at 50 barg
reactor pressure. Although 1 mole of benzene requires 3 mol of hydrogen to produce either
Cyclohexane or methyl cyclopentane, the reaction is conducted at 9‐10 mol of hydrogen per mol of
benzene.
Basis:
Feed Stream: 1000 kmol/hr of flow with composition 10 mol% Benzene, 90 mol% hydrogen at a
temperature of 180°C and a pressure of 50 barg.
Limit Reaction temperature: 230°C
Steps:
1. Add components Benzene, Hydrogen, Methyl Cyclo Pentane and Cyclohexane.
Hint: You can use their “Full Name/Synonyms” as Benzene = C6H6, Methyl Cyclopentane =
MCC5, Cyclohexane = CC6, Hydrogen = H2)
2. Select fluid package “Peng‐Robinson” and enter the simulation environment.
3. Add a stream named “Feed” and define the composition as stated in the basis
4. Add a Gibbs reactor from the unit operations page (press F12 or use menu Flowsheet > Add
Operation).
5. Connect the feed stream to the reactor and take out the necessary streams from the reactor
to complete it. The reactor will be solved. Note the reaction temperature at this stage. Is the
process exothermic or endothermic?
6. Now draw out an energy stream from the reactor and specify a temperature of 230°C in the
overhead outlet stream. The reactor will solve. Note the energy required for cooling the
reactor and the yield of Cyclohexane and Methyly Cyclopentane in kmol/hr from the vapour
product stream (i.e. top stream from reactor).
Manual Calculation:
4 | P a g e
What is the percentage conversion of benzene into Cyclohexane and Methyl Cyclopentane?
Real Life Applications:
You can use the Gibb’s Reactor in innumerous multi‐reaction equilibrium processes like Coal
Gasification (or Coal Reforming), Ammonia Synthesis process, Steam Reforming, Midrex Reformer
etc. It can also be used in the combustion reaction process as in Practical‐1 (Combustion processes
have high temperatures and reaction is considered complete at equilibrium). Note that you do not
need to specify “any” reaction for the reactor.
Further Reading:
Please read the concepts of Minimization of Gibb’s Free energy from “Introduction to
Thermodynamics” by J.M. Smith/ Van Ness Ch 15 (fifth edition) or Ch13 (seventh edition). There is a
solved example for a coal bed gasifier (Example 15.12 in 5th Edition or example 13.13 7th Edition).
Both calculations from HYSYS and MathCAD or any other software converge to the same result.
5 | P a g e
3. Develop a table for Saturated Steam
Object:
The objective is to develop a table for saturated steam at various temperature and pressures using
the property table utility.
Basis:
Component: Water, Property Package: preferably ASME Steam or even “Peng‐Robinson” or SRK
Steps:
1. Enter the simulation environment.
2. Define a stream and set the mole fraction of water in the composition tab to 1.0 (i.e.
completely water)
3. Right next to the work‐sheet tab you will find an “Attachments” tab. Select the utilities page
and press the Create button. Select “Property Table”.
4. Change Variable‐2 type to “Vapour Fraction” and Mode as “State”. Specify the value state
value of 1.0 i.e. saturation condition. Leave Variable‐1 type to “Temperature” and mode to
“Incremental”. The default lower bound would be 100°C to upper bound 200°C with 10
number of increments.
5. Select the dependent properties page (Dep. Prop) and add property variables:
a. Pressure
b. Mass Density
c. Mass Enthalpy
6. Press “Calculate” button to generate table.
7. Select the “Performance” tab and note the values with their units and signs. (Hint: You can
select, copy and paste in MS‐Excel and compose the table). Please give due consideration to
the number of digits of significance as follows: pressure 3 figures, mass density 3 figures,
mass enthalpy six figures.
6 | P a g e
Real Life Use:
Simulation software such as HYSYS with their database of thermodynamic packages, generates the
properties of gas mixtures and gives data which are used in sizing of equipments, pipes and
instruments etc. These can be used to define hypothetical components or estimate properties of
compounds using quasi‐chemical models if the structure of the component is known. You would be
using this or other software in for CE‐609/CE‐600 Chemical Engineering Design Project).
Given the range of temperature and pressure, the tool can be used to generate a matrix of data for
reference.
Further Study for Manual Calculations and Basis for Final Year Projects:
1. Please refer to “The properties of Liquids and Gases” by Reid Prausnitz and Sherwood (3rd, 4th or
preferably 5th Edition) for property estimation formulae and tehcniques.
2. Please refer to the appendices at the end of the book “Chemical Engineering Volume‐6: Plant
Design” by J.M. Coulson and Richardson for some thermodynamic data on compounds.
7 | P a g e
4. Introductory Compressor Working
Object:
The objective is to introduce a small reciprocating compression system working and to calculate the
power required for compression of a given service.
Basis:
Gas Composition
Component Mol %
Methane 85
Ethane 3
Propane 1
Nitrogen 9
Carbon Dioxide 2
Inlet Condition: 40°C and 8 barg flow 20,000 Nm³/hr. Outlet condition: 20 barg.
Steps:
1. Add the required components and select the Peng Robinson package.
2. Add a stream “Inlet” and define the inlet composition and conditions in it. Add a compressor
unit operation and connect the inlet stream. Rename the compressor to “FGC”.
3. Connect an energy stream and the discharge line to the compressor. Rename the outlet line
as “Discharge”.
4. State the discharge pressure.
5. Double‐click on the compressor. On the “Design” tab and “Parameters” page, remove any
default specified efficiency and enter a polytropic efficieny of 85%.
6. Note the power of the compressor.
8 | P a g e
Required Manual Calculation:
A manual calculation of the heat capacity ratio of the mixture and a calculation of the power of the
compressor is required to be submitted at the end of the semester to be shown in the practical file.
The property data from HYSYS can be used. The percentage error from the calculated discharge
temperature by HYSYS in contrast to that calculated by hand should be made. Summary should be
made at the end for quick comparison of results as follows:
• Pressure Ratio
• Actual Gas Inlet Flow
• Outlet Temperature
• Actual gas Outlet flow
• Polytropic coefficient
• Polytropic Head
• Compressor Power
9 | P a g e
5. Modeling a Real Separator in HYSYS
Note:
There are 13 pages of this exercise.
10 | P a g e
6. Dynamic De‐Pressuring
Note:
There are 5 pages of this exercise
11 | P a g e