SỞ GD – ĐT THÁI NGUYÊN ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT CỤM THI DUYÊN HẢI

Trường THPT Chuyên NĂM 2022

--------------- Môn thi: Tiếng Anh 11
Thời gian: ------ phút
Học sinh làm bài theo hướng dẫn

I: LISTENING
Part 1: You will hear Jane Hurley, talking about how companies decide who to employ. Listen
to the talk carefully and decide whether the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given
(NG). 

1. The employer will read the curriculum vitae firstly.

2. The more people check, the better your application is.
3. The speaker thought that it is difficult for arts graduates to land a job in the UK. 
4. Only being able to speak English is usually enough to work for foreign company.
5. Students should have an internship while studying courses.
Your answers:
1. F 2. NG 3. F 4. T 5. T

Part 2. You will hear part of a radio programme in which journalist Arabella Gordon talks
about the phenomenon of technophobia. Answer the following questions with a word or a short
phrase (NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS).

1. What did people think of new machines when they first appeared in their places of work?
………………………A threat…threatening and mysterious………………….
2. Who operated the new weaving machines?
………………………Women and children……………………………………….
3. According to the Frame Breaking Act, what was brought in the death penalty?
………………………Industrial sabotage………………………………………….
4. What makes electronic typewriters attractive to students in the UK?
………………………The price tag…the low price……………………………………………
5. What did Frederick Forsyth do before he was a writer?
………………………a Foreign correspondent………………………………………
Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5

Part 3: You will hear an interview with Dr Lafford, a leading expert in the field of forensic
science. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what
you hear.

1. According to Dr Lafford, Sherlock Holmes was a good forensic scientist because of his
A. psychological insight.
B. unbiased approach.
C. detailed observations.
D. medical knowledge.

2. Forensic scientists pay particular attention to 

A. evidence of mutual contact.
B. items criminals have touched.
C. a suspect's clothing. 
D. carpet fibres and human hair.
3. Dr Lafford mentions the broken headlight to show that forensic science nowadays is
A. more complex than it used to be.
B. just as reliable as it was in the past.
C. not as time-consuming as it once was.
D. more straightforward than it was in the past.

4. According to Dr Lafford, electron microscopes can 

A. produce conflicting results.
B. sometimes damage evidence.
C. provide a chemical analysis.
D. guarantee total accuracy.

5. Dr Lafford feels that the value of forensic science lies in

A. how its significance to a case is explained.
B. the use of advanced genetic fingerprinting.
C. the possibility of eliminating human error.
D. reducing the number of possible suspects.
Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5

Part 4: Listen to a recording about a supreme court decision that delivers blow to workers’
rights. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in
the spaces provided.

Today the U.S. Supreme Court delivered a (1) …………sweeping victory……………… to

American business and an equally sweeping defeat to American workers.
The (2) ………………conservative majority………… upheld and extended the growing practice
adopted by American businesses, namely requiring workers to agree as a condition of employment
not to go to court over wage and hour disputes but to instead submit their claims to (3)……………
binding arbitration…………… individually.
Lawyer Ron Chapman, who represents management in (4) …………labor-management
disputes……………… said he expects small and large businesses alike to immediately move to
impose arbitration contracts in order to eliminate the fear of costly class-action (5) ……………
verdicts…………… from juries.
The lead (6) ……………plaintiff…………… plan in the case was an IT worker at Epic, the giant
health care software helped development company.
That law guarantees the rights of workers to engage in activities for the purpose of (7)……………
collective bargaining…………… or any other concerted activities.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, in a (8) ……………rare oral dissent…………… from the bench, called
out the majority for what she said was an egregiously wrong decision.
Labor law experts said today's decision likely will present increasing problems for the #MeToo
movement and for other civil rights class actions claiming discrimination based on the real (9)
……………race, gender and religion…………… There's no transparency in most binding arbitration
agreements, and they often include (10)…………non-disclosure provisions……………… Yale law
professor Judith Resnik observes that today's decision applies to all manner of class actions.
Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) which best completes each sentence
1. The number of people traveling by air has been growing _______.
A. by leaps and bounds B. from time to time
C. slow but sure D. by hook and crook
2. Tom’s normally very efficient but he’s been making a lot of mistakes ______
A. of late B. for now C. in a while D. shortly
3. On the way to Cambridge yesterday, the road was blocked by a fallen tree, so we had to make a
thiếu blank
A. deviation B. digression C. detour D. departure
4. Mike decided that election to the local council would provide a ________ to a career in national
politics.
A. milestone B. springboard C. highway D. turning point
5. Jack never cheats or tricks anybody when he plays. He always goes by the_________
A. book B. instructions C. principles D. method
6. The Red Cross is ___________ an international aid organization.
A. intriguingly B. intrusively C. intrinsicallyD. intrepidly
7. In times of _________ , unemployment figures usually rise dramatically.
A austerity B severity C sobriety D. gravity
8. The luxurious office accentuated the manager's position _________. It enhanced his power and his
sense of his own worth. And it made other people feel small.
A. on the pecking pole B. in the nibbling line
C. at the nipping post D. in the pecking order
9. After hours and hours trying to solve the problem, I was at my _________ end.
A. nerves' B. wits' C. humours' D. tethers'
10. There wasn't a _________ of truth in what he said.
A. ray B. lump C. grain D.pinch
11. It’s the __________ of stupidity to go walking in the mountains in this weather.
A. height B. depth C. source D. matter
12. It must be true. I hear it straight from the _________ mouth.
A. dog’s B. horse’s C. camel’s D. cat’s
13. I’ve only met Stephen in a social context - he’s an unknown _________ where work’s concerned.
A. option B. type C. category D. quantity
14. The matter has been left in _______ until the legal ramifications have been explored.
A. recess B. suspension C. abeyance D. waiting
15. The full horror of the war only hit ______ when we started seeing the television pictures of it.
A. base B. down C. home D. back
16. Obama expressed regret as a US drone strike has______ killed innocent hostages.
A. incongruously B. vehemently C. inadvertently D. graciously
17. The headmaster at my last school was was a stern disciplinarian and made sure we ______ the
line.
A. drew B. faced C. touched D. toed
18. The noise from the unruly fans celebrating their team’s victory didn’t _____ until early in the
morning.
A. shut off B. give away C. let up D. fall over
19. ______ with anger, Mr. Jensson stormed into the local tax office and demanded to see someone
about his case which had dragged on for nearly three years.
A. Brimming B. Pouring C. Stewing D. Seething
20. When I say I want you to be here at six o'clock, I mean six o'clock ______.You cannot be late
under any circumstances!
A. on the edge B. at the moment C. on the dot D. in detail
Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

III. READING COMPREHENSION

1. Put the correct form of each word to complete the passage
Pop art was a(n) 1_______ (convention) art style in which 2_______ (common) objects such
as comic strips, soup cans and road signs were used as subject matter, and were often incorporated
into the work. The pop art movement was largely a British and American cultural phenomenon of the
late 1950s and ‘60s. Art critic Lawrence Alloway, referring to the prosaic 3_______ (icon) of its
painting and sculpture, named the movement pop art. It represented an attempt to return to a more
objective and 4_______ (universe) accepted form of art after the dominance in both the United
States and Europe of the highly personal abstract 5_______ (express). The art form was iconoclastic,
rejecting the 6_______ (supreme) of the ‘high art’ of the past and the 7_______ (pretend) of other
contemporary avant-garde art. Pop art became a cultural institution because of its close reflection of a
particular social situation and because its easily 8_______ (comprehend) images were immediately
exploited by the mass media. Although the critics of pop art describe it as sensational and non-
aesthetic, its proponents saw it as an art that was democratic and not 9_______ (discriminate),
bringing together both connoisseurs and untrained inexperienced viewers. Even though public
reaction to pop art was 10_______ (favour), it found critical acceptance as a form of art suited to the
highly technological, mass media-oriented society of western countries.
Your answers:
1.unconventiona 2.commonplace 3. iconography 4. universally 5. expressionism
l
6. supremacy 7. 8. 9. 10. unfavorable
pretentiousness incomprehensible discriminatory

2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in
each space.
Sugar tastes sweet because of thousands of receptors on the tongue which connect the substance with
the brain. The taste of sweetness is (1) ____ accepted as the most pleasurable known although it is a
fructose Abundant is the most common occurring sugar, sources of which include fruit and honey.
Sucrose which supplies glucose to  the body, is (2)  ____  from the sugar cane plant, and white sugar
(pure sucrose) is used by food technologists to (3)_____ sweetness in other substances.
Approximately a dozen artificial (4)____ have been discovered; one of the earliest was Sorbitol from
France. Manufacturers (5)  ____ large amounts of sugar to foodstuffs but never more than the
maximum (6)_____ to produce the optimum pleasurable taste. Surprisingly, this (7) ____ is similar
for different people and in different cultures. No one has (8)____ discovered a way to predict whether
a substance will taste sweet, and it was by (9) ____ alone that all the 10....... chemical sweeteners
were found to be sweet

Your answers
1. 2. extracted 3. measure 4. sweeteners 5. add
universally
6. required 7. amount 8. yet 9. taste chance 10. artificial

3. Read the following article and choose the correct answer to each question.
"The evolution of the banana, star of the Western fruit bowl"
Did you hear? The genome of the banana has been sequenced, an important development in
scientist's efforts to produce better bananas.
A look at that genome has revealed curious things, said Pat Heslop-Harrison, a plant
geneticist at the University of Leicester in England who was a coauthor of the report published this
week in the journal Nature. For example, there are regions of the banana genome that don't seem to
be involved in making proteins but are shared by many different species of plants, far beyond
bananas. What, he wonders, are they doing? There are remnants of bits of banana streak virus spliced
into the banana genome (too broken-up to cause disease, however). There are whole sets of DNA
repeats that plants normally have but bananas do not. And, intriguingly, three times since this genus
of giant herbs took an evolutionary turn away from its relatives -- the grasses -- it has duplicated its
entire set of chromosomes. Two of the doublings took place at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary 65
million years ago, back when the dinosaurs and lots of other species went extinct, Heslop-Harrison
noted. Duplications like this are known to have happened in other plant groups at this same time but
haven't occurred since, Heslop-Harrison said. Scientists don't know why, but they believe having
extra copies of genes may have imparted some stability to plants during a time of rapid climate
change after an asteroid hit Earth. Having more than one gene of each type means that if one gene of
a set loses function, the plant still has another one that works. And there's more room for adaptability
to new circumstances, because one gene could be altered and co-opted for new purposes and there
would still be the other one left to perform the original job. "Perhaps it's the reason [bananas have]
done so well in the subsequent millions of years," Heslop-Harrison said. "One can ask, will changes
occurring in the world's climate now mean there's going to be a whole set of new genome
duplications that will enable plants to survive? We don't know that, but it's interesting to consider."
The banana genome sequenced by the French scientists was from the Pahang, a wild Malaysian
banana of the species Musa acuminata. It's a key species in the complicated evolution of the bananas
and plantains people eat around the world, including the Cavendish banana that we buy at the
supermarket. The sterile Cavendish is a so-called triploid: It has three sets of chromosomes instead of
the normal two. One of those genomes came from Pahang. The others came from other subspecies of
Musa acuminata.
The changes occurred stepwise, and went something like this:
- Thousands of years ago, two wild banana species from different parts of the islands of Southeast
Asia were brought into the same range by people. They formed hybrids. A bit like mules, the hybrids
were vigorous but fairly sterile.
- The hybrids were kept going without sex through propagation of their shoots.
At some point, the hybrids developed the ability to set fruit without being fertilized.
- Then (for most bananas, including the Cavendish) came another chance event that caused the
hybrids to end up with three sets of chromosomes. Every now and again, the few viable eggs and
pollen that they made would mistakenly contain two sets of chromosomes instead of just one.
When a double-chromosome pollen combined with a single-chromosome egg (or vice versa),
the result was a hopelessly sterile plant with even more vigorous fruit.
Events like this happened more than once and sometimes included other types of ancestral banana
species. Some scientists, in fact, have made a whole study of banana domestication and movement
around the world. They've pieced the story together using quite different strands of information,
including the genomes of wild and cultivated bananas, the microscopic relics of banana leaf material
found at archaeological sites, and even the word for "banana" in different languages.

1. The word "curious" is closest in meaning to

A. inquisitive B. peculiar C. nosy D. intricate
2. What does the article suggest about bananas?
A. The banana genus may not yet be classifiable into a traditional category
B. Bananas are actually a species of grass
C. Bananas may now be categorized as "herbs" in supermarkets
D. Because banana chromosomes duplicate themselves, they have better potential for successful
cloning
3. Why does the author use "intriguingly" to describe the phenomenon?
A. To imply that bananas are far more interesting than other fruits
B. To make readers doubt the claims scientists are making about bananas
C. To suggest that duplication of chromosomes is a rare and interesting occurrence in the plant world
D. To encourage questions about whether bananas are grasses or herbs
4. Why is the observation at the Cretaceous important?
A. It suggests that the banana mutated its genetic structure for survival
B. It shows that bananas can be traced as far back as dinosaurs
C. It suggests that bananas were fatal to dinosaurs and other species
D. It proves that bananas are immune to atmospheric changes
5. The word "co-opted" is closest in meaning to
A. decided upon together B. argued against C. removed from the study D. adopted
6.The quote of Heslop – Harrison most closely suggests
A. Bananas may be an example of ways that species might alter their genetics to survive changes in
the earth's climate and atmosphere
B. That the genetic mutations of bananas have no implications for other species
C. That genetic structure is the only factor that should be considered when predicting survival
D. Though bananas have made it this far, there is no proof that they will survive the next wave of
significant atmospheric changes.
7. According to the article, all are steps in the evolution of the banana EXCEPT
A. Some banana hybrids began to develop three sets of chromosomes
B. The merging of two different banana species
C. Bananas reproduced widely and easily through fertilization
D. Bananas developed the ability to develop fruit without fertilization
8.The word "chance" is closest in meaning to
A. random B. gamble C. risky D. opportune
9. All are variations of banana mentioned in the article EXCEPT
A. the Cavendish B. Dolus mundi C. Musa acuminata D. plantains
10. The word "domestication" in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. housebroken B. well-controlled
C. adapted for human consumption D. accepted within the culture
Your answers:
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10

4. Read the following text and answer questions 1 - 13

Social housing in Britain
A During the past 20 years in Britain there has been a significant decrease in the number of social
homes in the housing stock, down from 5.3m to 4.8m. The proportion of social housing has fallen
from 29% to 18% during the same period. This is largely due to the policies of Margaret Thatcher's
government during the 1980's which forced local councils to sell homes under market price to
existing tenants under a 'right to buy' scheme and prevented them from building new houses. New
social homes were then to be paid for by central government and managed by local housing
associations.

B Next month, the government is expected to announce a significant increase in the Social Housing
Department's £1.7 billion annual budget and also intends to make the application process for social
housing simpler. The additional £2 billion will build about 50,000 new houses each year at current
building costs. Still more houses could be built if subsidies were reduced.

C The UK government is hoping that the extra investment will improve the housing situation. Britain
with her increasing population builds fewer new houses than are needed, with a shortfall of 100,000 a
year according to Shelter, a housing charity. The result is a boom in house prices that has made
owning a home unaffordable for many, especially in London and the south of England. Key public
sector workers, such as nurses and teachers, are among those affected.
D In order to increase the social housing stock the government is using a process known as planning
gain. Town councils are increasing the amount of social housing developers must build as part of a
new building project and which they must give to the local housing association. Even without the
financial support of central the government, some local councils in England are using planning gain
to increase the proportion of social housing stock. In expensive Cambridge, the council wants 25% of
new housing to be social; the figure is 35% in Bristol, while Manchester is planning 40% over the
next twenty years.

E Will this housing policy create new sink estates? Hopefully, not. Housing planners have learnt
from the mistakes of the 1960s and 1970s when large council housing estates were constructed.
Builders have got better at design and planning mixed-use developments where social housing is
mixed with, and indistinguishable from, private housing. Social housing developments are winning
design awards - a project in London won the Housing Design Award — though it is true that some
council estates that now illustrate some of the worst aspects of 1960s architecture won awards at the
time.

F The management of social housing stock has largely moved from local councils to housing
associations. Housing associations look after the maintenance of the existing housing stock, getting
repairs done and dealing with problems like prostitution and drugs while employing estate security
and on-site maintenance staff. One significant change is that planners have learned to build smaller
housing developments.

G The significant drawback of social housing still remains: it discourages mobility. What happens to
the nurse who lives in cheap social housing in one town, and is offered a job in a region that does not
provide her with new social housing? The government wants to encourage initiative but is providing
a housing system that makes it difficult for people to change their lives. Public-sector workers are
increasingly being priced out of London and other expensive parts of the country and, as a result, are
unable to take advantage of opportunities available to them.

Match each heading to the most suitable paragraph.

Still difficult to move around G
Councils give way to housing associations F
Increased spending B
The cost of moving home
A shrinking supply A
Learning from the past E
Public-sector workers squeezed out C
New demands on developers D
1. Paragraph A
2. Paragraph B
3. Paragraph C
4. Paragraph D
5. Paragraph E
6. Paragraph F
7. Paragraph G
Your answers:
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
Select True, False, or Not given
8. During the Thatcher years, there was a block on building social homes. F
9. The housing problem in London is worse than in the rest of south-east England. NG
10. Local authorities are starting to depend on the 'planning gain' scheme. T
11. One way to make social housing more successful is to make it similar to private housing. T
12. Local councils are unable to deal with crimes committed on social housing land. NG
13. It would not be helpful to modify pubic workers salary depending on where they lived. F
Your answers:
8 9 10 11 12 13

5.You are going to read a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the
extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use.

A  Russell and his wife had lived for several years in the picturesque village of Lymm where the
crumbling 130-year old tower stood. The grade II listed building was one of several hundred
surviving water towers which were built in the 1800s to improve public health across Britain. This
particular tower was currently being used by three mobile phone companies to anchor their telephone
masts. Russell regularly walked along the footpath beside the tower, and when it went up for auction
in 1997, he impulsively put in a bid for £138,000.

B  But finally it all paid off. The end result is both contemporary and luxurious. The original tower
houses a ‘winter' living room on the ground floor. Above it is a master bedroom with an en suite
bathroom on a mezzanine. Above that, there is an office, guest room and a room for the telecom
equipment. Atop it all is a roof garden with views stretching as far as Manchester and Liverpool.

C  Work finally began when planning permission was granted in 2002. But before the new structure
could be built, substantial work had to be done to the existing tower. The stonework was cracked and
the turret was damaged. Two skilled stonemasons worked for six months on its restoration. It was
then sandblasted, the water tank was removed, and huge steel frames were put into place to support
the new floors. Only then could foundations be laid for the extension.

D  Over 60 companies were involved in the construction, and Russell gave up work to act as project
manager. There were problems at almost every stage. If something could go wrong, it inevitably
would. Spirits plummeted and costs spiralled, and Russell and Jannette could do little but look on as
their savings dwindled.

E  Russell and Jannette had just finished renovating a 1920s farmhouse nearby. This was done in a
much more traditional style. By the time they'd finished with it, the once-roofless property had the
typical Aga, log-burning stove, rugs, country pine furniture, dried flowers and knick-knacks. Chintzy
in comparison to the modernist design they attached to the water tower. Since the work on the tower,
they have become a real converts to minimalism.

F  Colour is added to this stark interior by the creative use of lighting, which was designed by Kate
Wilkins, responsible for the lighting scheme at the Tate Modern Art Gallery. The lighting is subtle,
mostly made up of simply concealed fluorescent strips or cold-cathode tubes. The innovative
approach to lighting design won them the prestigious Lighting Design Award.
G  Fate, however, had other ideas. Russell and Jannette had to battle town planners and local
opposition to get their dream on the road. Five years along, work still hadn't started and the couple
were losing heart. All this changed, however, when they met the architect Julian Baker, who drew up
plans for a contemporary design blending old and new. His inspirational ideas gave them the impetus
they needed to kick-start their project.

H After eight years of grit and determination, Russell and Jannette Harris have succeeded in
transforming a derelict water tower into a spacious family home, and in doing so, won the 2005
Homebuilding and renovation awards.

Renovating the Lymm Water Tower

1. ______H_______
However, the road to success was relentless, as what began as a whim turned into an insurmountable
challenge, and there were times when they thought they might never move in.
2 . ______A_______
Finding themselves the owners of the dilapidated structure, the couple then had to decide what to do
with it. Their early visions for the project were fairly modest; they originally considered wrapping the
structure in timber cladding and fitting a copper roof, or keeping the tower as a folly and building a
cottage in the grounds. As time progressed, the couple decided that they could use this opportunity to
create something far more ambitious.
3. ________G_____
Julian's masterplan involved wrapping a glass-and-steel extension around the tower, creating living
spaces on various levels. Massive windows would give floor-to -ceiling views of the countryside,
strategically placed so that the morning sun would shine into the kitchen and set on the dining area.
The summer lounge, facing due south, would catch the daytime rays.
4. ______C_______
Work also had to be done to hide the unsightly selection of antennae on the roof of the old tower.
These could not be removed, as they were essential part of funding the conversion. So they were
rehoused in an extension to the existing stone turret, concealing them from sight.
5. _______D______
Thankfully, they were able to reclaim something towards these costs from the income generated by
the radio masts. They also reaped some money by making a television programme about the project.
But with costs soaring to £450,000 and beyond, the family was forced to cut down on personal
spending. They stopped taking family holidays, traded in their car and lived in cheap rented
accommodation.
6. ______B_______
The extension meanwhile, which accommodates the main living space, is a tribute to minimalism.
There are no pictures. The house is like a work of art in itself, with its sweeping views of the
countryside. White is the dominant colour, and everywhere there are sleek, curved lines. Even the
light switches and plug sockets are discreetly hidden.
7. ______F_______
With a total cost of over £500,000, plus eight years of hard slog, Russell is unsure whether he would
advise other self-builders to put themselves through the trouble. At times, he wished he had never
bought the tower. But when he sits in the roof-top hot tub with 360 degree views over the
countryside, he admits that it was worth the effort. And now that the Lymm Water Tower has been
valued at £1.75m by a local agent, the Harrises can surely feel satisfied with their achievement.
Your answers:
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6. You are going to read four different opinions from leading scientists about the future of fuel.
For questions 1-10, choose from the writers A-D. The writers may be chosen more than once.
A
Howard Bloom, Author:
Even though most people are convinced that peak oil has already passed, to me, peak oil is just a
hypothesis. There is a theory that carbon molecules can be found in interstellar gas clouds, comets
and in space ice, and if this is the case, our planet could ooze oil for ever. And even if we stay
earthbound, those who say we have raped the planet of all its resources are wrong. There's a huge
stock of raw materials we haven't yet learned to use. There are bacteria two miles beneath our feet
which can turn solid granite into food. If bacteria can do it, surely we creatures with brains can do it
better. As far as the near future of energy is concerned, I believe the most promising alternative fuels
are biofuels, such as ethanol. It's an alcohol made from waste products such as the bark of trees,
woodchips, and other 'waste materials'. And that's not the only waste that can create energy. My
friend in the biomass industry is perfecting an energy-generation plant which can run on human
waste. We produce that in vast quantities, and it's already gathered in centralised locations.

B
Michael Lardelli, Lecturer in Genetics at The University of Adelaide
Nothing exists on this planet without energy. It enables flowers and people to grow and we need it to
mine minerals, extract oil or cut wood and then to process these into finished goods. So the most
fundamental definition of money is as a mechanism to allow the exchange and allocation of different
forms of energy. Recently, people have been using more energy than ever before. Until 2005 it was
possible to expand our energy use to meet this demand. However, since 2005 oil supply has been in
decline, and at the same time, and as a direct result of this, the world's economy has been unable to
expand, leading to global recession. With the world's energy and the profitability of energy
production in decline at the same time, the net energy available to support activities other than energy
procurement will decrease. We could increase energy production by diverting a large proportion of
our remaining oil energy into building nuclear power stations and investing in renewable forms of
energy. However, this is very unlikely to happen in democratic nations, because it would require
huge, voluntary reductions in living standards. Consequently, the world economy will continue to
contract as oil production declines. With energy in decline, it will be impossible for everyone in the
world to become wealthier. One person's increased wealth can only come at the expense of another
person's worsened poverty.

C
Jeroen van der Veer, chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell
People are understandably worried about a future of growing energy shortages, rising prices and
international conflict for supplies. These fears are not without foundation. With continued economic
growth, the world's energy needs could increase by 50% in the next 25 years. However, I do not
believe that the world is running out of energy. Fossil fuels will be able to meet growing demand for
a long time in the future. Taking unconventional resources into account, we are not even close to
peak oil. The priority for oil companies is to improve efficiency, by increasing the amount of oil
recovered from reservoirs. At present, just over a third is recovered. We can also improve the
technology to control reservoir processes and improve oil flow. However, these projects are costly,
complex and technically demanding, and they depend on experienced people, so it is essential to
encourage young people to take up a technical career in the energy industry. Meanwhile, alternative
forms of energy need to be made economically viable. International energy companies have the
capability, the experience and the commercial drive to work towards solving the energy problem so
they will play a key role. But it is not as simple as merely making scientific advances and developing
new tools; the challenge is to deliver the technology to people worldwide. Companies will need to
share knowledge and use their ideas effectively.

D
Craig Severance, blogger
What will it take to end our oil addiction? It's time we moved on to something else. Not only are
world oil supplies running out, but what oil is still left is proving very dirty to obtain. The Deepwater
Horizon oil spill occurred precisely because the easy-to-obtain oil is already tapped. If we don't kick
oil now, we will see more disasters as oil companies move to the Arctic offshore and clear more
forests. The cheap petroleum is gone; from now on, we will pay steadily more and more for our oil
— not just in dollars, but in the biological systems that sustain life on this planet. The only solution is
to get on with what we will have to do anyway - end our dependence on it! There are many instances
in which oil need not be used at all. Heat and electricity can be produced in a multitude of other
ways, such as solar power or natural gas. The biggest challenge is the oil that is used in
transportation. That doesn't mean the transportation of goods worldwide, it's the day-to-day moving
around of people. It means we have to change what we drive. The good news is that it's possible.
There are a wide range of fuel efficient cars on offer, and the number of all-electric plug-in cars is set
to increase. For long distance travel and freight, the solution to this is to look to rail. An electrified
railway would not be reliant upon oil, but could be powered by solar, geothermal, hydro, and wind
sources. There is a long way to go, but actions we take now to kick our oil addiction can help us
adapt to a world of shrinking oil supplies.

Which writer:
1. believes oil will be available for many more
2. believes that from now on, less oil is available
3. believes there are ways to obtain energy that we have not yet discovered
4. sees a great potential in natural fuels
5. believes the fuel crisis will cause the poor to become poorer
6. sees energy and the economy as intrinsically linked
7. believes we should reduce our dependence on oil immediately
8. believes that people need to be attracted to working in the energy industry
9. believes that it is unlikely that governments will invest a lot of money into alternative energy
10. believes that future oil recovery will lead to more environmental disasters
Your answers:
1.C 2.D B 3.A 4.A 5. B
6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.D

IV. WRITING
Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary
should be 140 words long.
After the New York Times published an op-ed calling Donald Trump “amoral” and “erratic,”
his son called the piece “disgusting.” Similarly, when it was reported that Trump had referred to U.S.
war casualties as “losers,” Joe Biden called the reported comments “disgusting.” It seems that in the
United States, the language of disgust is commonly used to describe political foes, on both the right
and the left. What conclusions can be drawn from these anecdotes? Does this political “disgust”
resemble the “disgust” of blood, feces, or rats? Or is “disgusting” used purely metaphorically to
reflect an internal state of anger or outrage, rather than any kind of genuine disgust?
 Three studies have been carried out to investigate whether political outgroup members can
elicit physical, as opposed to just moral or metaphorical, disgust. 900 participants were presented
with faces of people depicted as Republican or Democrat. Which faces were presented as Democrats
versus Republicans was counterbalanced between participants. Researchers used a variety of
measures of disgust and they gave participants other, straightforward ways to express anger,
disapproval, and general negativity. In studies 1 and 2, researchers relied on self-report measures. For
example, asking participants how “gross” or “nauseating” they found the faces. In study 3,
researchers analyzed the micro facial expressions that participants spontaneously produced in
response to the faces. Results showed that participants did feel physical disgust, not just moral or
metaphorical disgust, in response to outgroup members. This demonstrates that political foes are
considered physically disgusting.
This new finding is important as it helps provide insights into the increasing division between
Republicans and Democrats. With the American congressional elections happening this year, it’s
helpful to understand the role of disgust in social and moral evaluations. More specifically, anger
tends to promote aggression, confrontation, and punishment, and it could play an important role in
generating political conflict. Disgust, on the other hand, tends to promote withdrawal, rejection, and
avoidance, which could underlie unwillingness to engage with political outgroups. Therefore, anger
may drive conflict between partisans, and disgust may keep them apart, preventing resolution, and
perpetuating disagreements.

Part 2. The two pie charts below show the percentages of industry sectors' contribution to
the economy of Turkey in 2000 and 2016.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words.

Part 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic.

Public figures with a criminal record should be permanently banned from the entertainment
industry, to suggest the contrary may result in adverse effects.
Discuss the statement and give your opinion.
WRITING:
Part 1:
After the New York Times published an op-ed calling Donald Trump “amoral” and “erratic,”
his son called the piece “disgusting.” Similarly, when it was reported that Trump had referred to U.S.
war casualties as “losers,” Joe Biden called the reported comments “disgusting.” It seems that in the
United States, the language of disgust is commonly used to describe political foes, on both the right
and the left. What conclusions can be drawn from these anecdotes? Does this political “disgust”
resemble the “disgust” of blood, feces, or rats? Or is “disgusting” used purely metaphorically to
reflect an internal state of anger or outrage, rather than any kind of genuine disgust?
Three studies have been carried out to investigate whether political outgroup members can
elicit physical, as opposed to just moral or metaphorical, disgust. 900 participants were presented
with faces of people depicted as Republican or Democrat. Which faces were presented as Democrats
versus Republicans was counterbalanced between participants. Researchers used a variety of
measures of disgust and they gave participants other, straightforward ways to express anger,
disapproval, and general negativity. In studies 1 and 2, researchers relied on self-report measures. For
example, asking participants how “gross” or “nauseating” they found the faces. In study 3,
researchers analyzed the micro facial expressions that participants spontaneously produced in
response to the faces. Results showed that participants did feel physical disgust, not just moral or
metaphorical disgust, in response to outgroup members. This demonstrates that political foes are
considered physically disgusting.
This new finding is important as it helps provide insights into the increasing division between
Republicans and Democrats. With the American congressional elections happening this year, it’s
helpful to understand the role of disgust in social and moral evaluations. More specifically, anger
tends to promote aggression, confrontation, and punishment, and it could play an important role in
generating political conflict. Disgust, on the other hand, tends to promote withdrawal, rejection, and
avoidance, which could underlie unwillingness to engage with political outgroups. Therefore, anger
may drive conflict between partisans, and disgust may keep them apart, preventing resolution, and
perpetuating disagreements.

The given excerpt analyses the language of disgust in politics as well as its implications in
human evaluation. The author commences by mentioning the adverse reactions of Donald Trump’s
son and Joe Biden to their respective foes’ remarks, thus questioning the purpose of expressing
disgust in the political domain. To clarify this, three research projects, involving 900 people, have
been launched to obtain the average response to the faces of one’s political opponents. Whilst the
results of studies 1 and 2 were chiefly self-reported, the 3 rd study observed the respondents’ micro
facial expressions upon seeing the faces, leading the researchers to conclude that the participants
showed both physical and moral or metaphorical disgust. This discovery, in turn, proves crucial in
comprehending revulsion in both social and ethical assessment. In particular, anger triggers political
conflict between partisans by promoting violence, confrontation, and punishment. Conversely,
disgust promotes indifference, withdrawal, and evasion, hence separating partisans instead and
inciting not resolution but further dissent.
(160 words)

Part 2:
 Illustrated in the given pie charts are the changes in proportions of eight different sectors’
contributions to the Turkish economy over a period of 16 years, commencing in 2000.
Overall, apart from Agriculture, Government, and Leisure and Hospitality, all other areas
managed to increase their presence in the economy of Turkey, albeit to a different extent. Such a rise,
however, was the most noticeable in the field of Construction.
In 2000, Construction contributed to 3% of the Turkish economy. This percentage, however,
escalated to a stratospheric high of 10% in 2016, yielding an impressive upsurge of 7% and leaping
by two ranks throughout the above timeframe. This robust growth far surpassed that in the sectors of
Manufacturing, Finance, Business and Other, as well as Trade, Utilities and Transportation by a
conspicuous discrepancy of 3%, 4%, 5%, respectively. Meanwhile, Healthcare and Education, albeit
stabilizing its proportion at 17%, became the principal contributor after the 16-year period.
By stark contrast, Agriculture failed to maintain its top position by losing 10% of its share
from an initial point of 24% in the economy of Turkey, thus ranking only 3 rd in 2016. Likewise,
Leisure and Hospitality together with Government both suffered an equal 3% loss in their
contribution; hence, they both fell by 1 rank at the end of the studied period.
(218 words)

Part 3:
Public figures with a criminal record should be permanently banned from the entertainment
industry, to suggest the contrary may result in adverse effects.

Outline:

Intro:
Criminals are frowed upon in our society. But what if there are some of them in the
entertainment show everyone enjoys everyday. Would we find them repulsive, or forgiveable?
Raised further questions/controversy – should celebrities with a criminal record in the entertainment
industry be banned from the field itself? below are reasons why I protest against this approach

Argument for opponent:

Keeping these figures in the industry  working with once-criminals and ex-convicts  running the
risk of being a victim
 for the sake of safety and taking precaution, there is ground to permanently evict them from the
domain
e.g:
Will Smith – Aggravated assault – victim almost blind in the eye
– infamous Oscar slap  implications of this? what if it wasn’t live and things changed for the
worse?

Counter-argument:
1. It might be too much pressure

Criminal records are imperfections and flaws in a person’s life, esp. with celebrities.
Gossips, false, exaggerated stories, controversies around them  enough?
 permanent ban might be too much
if things don’t go too far  leave room for improvement and correction
else: out of control (hard later life, consequent mental disorders, stress or even suicide)
social unrest, impact on fans and followers, etc.

2. Tolerance and forgiveness should be offered to everyone who wishes to turn over a new leaf

Evidence:
Mike Tyson – boxer – “Ip Man” actor - juvenile delinquency (petty theft), raping… - premature
realse for good behavior
since then  smooth and thriving career
for a good cause?  satisfies the purpose of rehabilitation

conclu

Criminals are universally frowned upon in the modern society. However, how would people
react if they found out their favorite figure in their enjoyable weekend entertainment show had once
been a thief or a serial killer? Would they turn their backs on the supposedly repulsive celebrity, or
would they just laugh it off? This question has raised controversy and led people to ponder whether
or not famous celebrities with a criminal record should be banned from the entertainment industry.
This essay will delve further into this matter as well as justifying my protest against such an
approach.
Indisputably, keeping figures who once committed a crime in the field implicates numerous
issues, the most obvious of which is habitual offense. In particular, working with ex-offenders having
a criminal record means running the risk of becoming a victim ourselves. Although this may seem
unlikely, the recent case of Will Smith is one prime example. In the past, Will Smith had been
accused of aggravated assault with a man, who was left almost blind in one eye after a heated
argument. Lately, Smith’s infamous Oscar slap at Chris Rock has earned him a 10-year ban from the
Oscar, entailing long discussions about this topic. Such an instance, however, could even have turned
much worse if the event had not been live. Therefore, I agree that, for the sake of safety, advocates of
banning figures with criminal records do have their own grounds.
Nonetheless, the above viewpoint has increasingly come under fire. In my opinion, banning
someone from the industry as a punishment for their former crimes may be too much for them.
Whilst it is true that criminal records are often deemed as imperfections or flaws in a person’s career,
they can prove much worse for public figures in particular. This is largely due to the gossip, false
claims, exaggerated stories, and surrounding controversies subsequent to the offense, which may
even follow the committers throughout their whole lives. If they are banned from the industry as
well, they may suffer from a harder later life, mental disorders, stress, or, in the worst case scenario,
suicide. In the long run, this can incite social unrest and have a negative impact of the fans and
followers. Furthermore. tolerance and forgiveness should be offered to ex-convicts. Mike Tyson,
formerly a well-known American boxer, was accused of petty theft in his youth, yet he later received
an early release from jail for good behavior. After that, he had a thriving career in the boxing industry
and even received acting roles in movies such as “Ip Man 3”. From this case, it can be inferred that if
a public figure truly wishes to correct themselves and receive rehabilitation, they can change for the
better and thus can stay in the domain.
To recapitulate, although it may be reasonable to ban celebrities with a criminal record from
the entertainment industry, I firmly believe its disadvantages for outweigh the advantages and oppose
against such a somewhat unethical approach. It is crucial to protect everyone from a potential hazard,
but it is also essential to keep it from becoming a real hazard.
(521 words)