Research

in Daily
Life 2
John Lemuel J. Noche
Research Teacher
 Classify each word
or analysis
technique as to
quantitative or
Let’
s Try qualitative. Then
write QUAN if it
Classifying relates to
Techniques quantitative
research and QUAL
if qualitative.
 Classifying Techniques
_______1. Frequency _______6. Content Analysis
Counts
_______7. Percentage
_______2. Mean
_______3. Narrative _______8. Thematic
Analysis _______9. T-test for
dependent
_______4. Variance Samples
_______5. Discourse
Analysis _______10. Pearson r
Data Analysis
Techniques in
Quantitative
Research
 What is Research Data Analysis?
• is a process used by researchers for
reducing data to a story and interpreting it
to derive insights. (LeCompte and Schensul, 1999)
• The data analysis process helps in reducing
a large chunk of data into smaller
fragments, which makes sense.
3 essential things in Data Analysis?
1. Data Organization
is a process of organizing raw data,
by classifying them into different
categories
3 essential things in Data Analysis?
2. Data Reduction
the reduction on certain aspects of
data, typically the volume of data
Why do we need to analyze data?
3. Data Analysis
the interpretation of data using
statistical tools to derive insights
Preparing data for analysis
Phase 1. DATA VALIDATION
Data validation is done to understand if
the collected data sample is per the pre-
set standards, or it is a biased data
sample.
Preparing data for analysis
Phase 1. DATA VALIDATION
It is divided into four different stages:
•Fraud: To ensure an actual human being
records each response to the survey or
the questionnaire
•Screening: To make sure each
participant or respondent is selected or
chosen in compliance with the research
criteria
•Procedure: To ensure ethical standards
were maintained while collecting the data
sample
•Completeness: To ensure that the
respondent has answered all the
questions in an online or paper-and-pen
survey. Else, the interviewer had asked all
the questions devised in the
questionnaire.
 Preparing data for analysis
Phase 2. DATA EDITING
Respondents sometimes fill in some fields incorrectly
or sometimes skip them. This is a process wherein
the researchers have to confirm that the provided
data is free of such errors. They need to conduct
necessary checks and outlier checks to edit the raw
edit and make it ready for analysis.
Preparing data for analysis
Phase 3. DATA CODING
Out of all three, this is the most critical
phase of data preparation associated
with grouping and assigning values to
the survey responses.
 Methods used for data
analysis in quantitative
research
 1.Descriptive Statistics
This method is used to describe the basic
features of versatile types of data in
research. It presents the data in such a
meaningful way that pattern in the data
starts making sense.
 Measures of Measures of Frequency
Dispersion or
Variation
Descriptive
statistics
Measures of Position
Measures of Central
Tendency
 I. Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Frequency
•Count, Percent, Frequency
•It is used to denote home often a particular
event occurs.
•Researchers use it when they want to
showcase how often a response is given.
 I. Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
•Mean, Median, Mode
•The method is widely used to demonstrate
distribution by various points.
•Researchers use this method when they want
to showcase the most commonly or averagely
indicated response.
 I. Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Dispersion or Variation
•Range, Variance, Standard deviation
•Here the field equals high/low points.
•Variance standard deviation = difference
between the observed score and mean
•It is used to identify the spread of scores
by stating intervals.
•Researchers use this method to
showcase data spread out. It helps them
identify the depth until which the data is
spread out that it directly affects the
mean.
 I. Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Position
•Percentile ranks, Quartile ranks
•It relies on standardized scores helping
researchers to identify the relationship
between different scores.
•It is often used when researchers want to
compare scores with the average count.
 2. Inferential statistics
These are used to make predictions
about a larger population after research
and data analysis of the representing
population’s collected sample.
 Regression analysis Correlation

Inferential Analysis of
Variance
statistics
Frequency tables

Cross-tabulation
 2. Inferential Statistics
Correlation
•Pearson r
•the researchers are interested to
understand the relationship between two
or more variables
 2. Inferential Statistics
Cross-tabulation
•Also called contingency tables, cross-tabulation is
used to analyze the relationship between multiple
variables. Suppose provided data has age and
gender categories presented in rows and columns.
•A two-dimensional cross-tabulation helps for
seamless data analysis and research by showing the
number of males and females in each age category.
 2. Inferential Statistics
Regression analysis
•Linear Regression, Multiple Regression
•For understanding the strong relationship
between two variables, researchers do not
look beyond the primary and commonly used
regression analysis method, which is also a
type of predictive analysis used
 2. Inferential Statistics
Analysis of variance
•is used for testing the degree to which two or
more vary or differ in an experiment. A
considerable degree of variation means
research findings were significant. In many
contexts, ANOVA testing and variance analysis
are similar.
 Activity
Write up the Data Analysis portion of
your chapter 3 by identifying the Data
Analysis of each Research Procedure
that requires data analysis.
Thank you!
Good luck!