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05 Critical Thinking and Analytical Thinking in Decision Making

Critical thinking and analytical thinking skills are required to create effective AI solutions for decision making. Critical thinking involves seeking information, analyzing alternatives, and making conclusions, while analytical thinking breaks down complex information into simpler parts. Together, these skills allow one to identify patterns in data, determine logical outcomes, and understand cause-and-effect relationships to solve problems in a step-by-step manner. The document provides examples of using analytical thinking to draw inferences and identify assumptions from given scenarios. It also outlines the process of critical thinking, which involves understanding the problem, gathering relevant information through various sources, evaluating information using logic and reasoning, and reaching well-organized conclusions.

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Shampa Nasrin
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164 views

05 Critical Thinking and Analytical Thinking in Decision Making

Critical thinking and analytical thinking skills are required to create effective AI solutions for decision making. Critical thinking involves seeking information, analyzing alternatives, and making conclusions, while analytical thinking breaks down complex information into simpler parts. Together, these skills allow one to identify patterns in data, determine logical outcomes, and understand cause-and-effect relationships to solve problems in a step-by-step manner. The document provides examples of using analytical thinking to draw inferences and identify assumptions from given scenarios. It also outlines the process of critical thinking, which involves understanding the problem, gathering relevant information through various sources, evaluating information using logic and reasoning, and reaching well-organized conclusions.

Uploaded by

Shampa Nasrin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AI Theories

Lesson 2: Decision making process using AI


Topic : Critical thinking & Analytical thinking for Decision Making
Art of Decision Making
Problem Solving, Critical thinking and Analytical thinking
Objective: Create a Solution for decision making

Create A Solution using AI to


Separate Audiences and Rank Them
Objective: Create a Solution for decision making

Create A Solution using AI to


Separate Audiences and Rank Them

Problem Solution Decision→Action


Sort the most effective group
How to sort it?
Process
To make best decision you have to go through
problem solving loop
Solving Problem
performing Critical
thinking and
Analytical thinking
Data Analysis Can be Misleading
Critical Thinking, Analytical Thinking, and Problem-solving skills
are required to create AI solutions
Critical thinking: the ability of an Analytical thinking: Analytical thinking
individual to seek information, analyze describes a thinking style that enables a
alternatives and making conclusions or person to break down complex information
making decision. It includes the or a series of comprehensive data. This
analytical thinking and uses it to process improves person's ability to
generate a standpoint for someone’s identify patterns within a group of facts
world view. or rules and use those patterns to
determine outcomes that could be or
must be true or logically in identifying
causes and effects.

The difference between the two skills is that the analytical thinking breaks down a complex information into
small parts while critical thinking involves taking outside knowledge into account when evaluating information
and making a conclusion about it.
Analytical
Reasoning is Analytical thinking describes a thinking style that
enables a person to break down complex
a useful information or a series of comprehensive data. It
uses a step-by-step method to analyze a
problem and then come to an answer or
process of solution. In essence, analytical thinking
represents a cause and effect style of looking at
solving a problem,

problem
Analytical Reasoning Example 0
Example 0 – What could be the weight of a midsize Boeing 777?

x1
x3
3x8x10x8x3x65kg=374.4
x8
x 10
x8 x3
Analytical Reasoning Example
Example 1 – Underlying Assumptions
Wife to Husband: Our joint income is lower than it could be. But soon I will begin to work an
additional part-time job and I will earn extra income.
Proposed Assumption: Asking for a raise at her current place of work is not the best way to
increase the wife's income.
A. True
B. False
Answer explanation:
• The conclusion of the wife's statement: Soon we will increase our joint income.
• The evidence supporting this conclusion: I will begin to work an additional part-time job.
• The underlying assumption/s that must be true for the conclusion to be true: A part-time job will
provide me with extra money.
• The proposed assumption: "Asking for a raise at her current place of work is not the best way to
increase the wife's income" is not necessary for the conclusion to be true.

The correct answer is (B), False


Analytical Reasoning Example 2
Several years ago, Harold and his wife adopted a two-year-old orphan named Betty. Today,
Betty is an undergraduate student, living far away from home. Harold feels unhappy and
misses Betty tremendously. He would like her to come home more often.Proposed
Assumption: Harold’s wife doesn’t feel unhappy.
A. True
B. False

Answer explanation:
• Harold’s wife is not mentioned in the passage, and,
• therefore, you cannot presume any information regarding her feelings.

The correct answer is (B), False


Analytical Reasoning Example 3
Example 3 – Inferences
Following a reduction in the number of applicants, the college has been asking students to evaluate faculty teaching
performance for the last two years. The college's management announced that the purpose of these evaluations is to give
information to faculty about teachers' strengths and weaknesses, and to allow those who make decisions about pay raises
and promotions to reward the better teachers. Last week, Professor Burke, a recently retired senior lecturer at the college,
wrote a letter in which he objected to these evaluations, claiming they compromise academic standards.Proposed
Assumption: There is more to the management's announced intentions than those mentioned by them in the passage.
A. True
B. Probably true
C. Insufficient data The correct answer is (B)
D. False
E. Probably false
Answer explanation:
• The text begins by introducing the management's announcement as a reaction to a negative
trend—reduction in the number of student applications.
• While the announcement explicitly addresses both the college's staff and its students, it is likely
that the issue at hand is not only a wish to achieve academic excellence
• but, in fact, a means to resolve the issue of reduced applications and college reputation, which has
implications on the college's future.
• Therefore, the correct answer is probably true.
Process of Critical thinking
Seek Information:
How?
• Speak to a Domain
Expert
• Literature Survey
• Subject related
books
• Papers
• googling
1 st Step: understand or Identify the Problem
Finding root cause of a problem using “why”
Finding root cause of a problem using Fishbone
Problem
Critical 3. Asking questions: why, what, who, where
1. Gathering relevant information
2. Evaluating information Thinking 1. Ask domain experts, literature survey,
I. Examining chunks of data or wiki, google etc
2. Understand connections and

Analytical
Analytical Thinking

information i.e. See plots scatters, lines,

Thinking
histograms etc. relationships
II. Identifying key issues 3. Identify Cause and Effect
III. Use logic and reasoning to process 4. Drawing conclusions
information 5. Assess bias
IV. Separating more complex information 4. Weighing Opinions
into simple parts 5. Reach well organized conclusions
V. Sub-dividing information into more 6. Consider alternate possibilities
manageable sizes 7. Testing conclusions
8. Verifying if evidence support the conclusion

Root
Cause
Solving Problem
performing Critical
thinking and
Analytical thinking

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