General: All Five Articles

Decline In Men’s Testosterone Levels

 Gradual decline in semen quality

o Meta-analysis
 Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE. Evidence for decreasing
quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ. 1992;305:609–13. [PMC free article]
[PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 Swan SH, Elkin EP, Fenster L. The question of declining sperm density revisited:
an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996. Environ Health Perspect.
2000;108:961–6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
o Single Studies
 Auger J, Kunstmann JM, Czyglik F, Jouannet P. Decline in semen quality among
fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:281–5.
[PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 Swan SH, Brazil C, Drobnis EZ, Liu F, Kruse RL, et al. Geographic differences in
semen quality of fertile U.S. males. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111:414–20.
[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 Mendiola J, Jorgensen N, Minguez-Alarcon L, Sarabia-Cos L, Lopez-Espin JJ, et al.
Sperm counts may have declined in young university students in Southern Spain.
Andrology. 2013;1:408–13. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 Rolland M, Le Moal J, Wagner V, Royere D, De Mouzon J. Decline in semen
concentration and morphology in a sample of 26,609 men close to general
population between 1989 and 2005 in France. Hum Reprod. 2013;28:462–70.
[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 Jorgensen N, Vierula M, Jacobsen R, Pukkala E, Perheentupa A, et al. Recent
adverse trends in semen quality and testis cancer incidence among Finnish men.
Int J Androl. 2011;34:e37–48. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 Downward trend in circulating testosterone levels
o Andersson AM, Jensen TK, Juul A, Petersen JH, Jorgensen T, et al. Secular decline in male
testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin serum levels in Danish population
surveys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:4696–705. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
o Travison TG, Araujo AB, Hall SA, McKinlay JB. Temporal trends in testosterone levels and
treatment in older men. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009;16:211–7. [PubMed]
[Google Scholar]
o Nyante SJ, Graubard BI, Li Y, McQuillan GM, Platz EA, et al. Trends in sex hormone
concentrations in US males: 1988-1991 to 1999-2004. Int J Androl. 2012;35:456–66.
[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
o Perheentupa A, Makinen J, Laatikainen T, Vierula M, Skakkebaek NE, et al. A cohort
effect on serum testosterone levels in Finnish men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;168:227–33.
[PubMed] [Google Scholar]
o
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5312216/
 o Two meta-analyses1,2 and several single-center studies3,4,5,6,7 have documented a
downward trend in semen quality in Western countries.
o Some have also reported a concomitant downward trend in circulating testosterone
levels among men.8,9,10,11
o Most notably, increased exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals,12,13,14,15
increased worldwide prevalence of obesity, 16,17 and worsening diet quality in Western
countries18,19,20,21,22
o studies examining the relation between fat consumption and male sex hormones have
focused on middle-aged and older men,27,28,29,30
o deleterious effect of trans fats on testicular function48,49,50,51 supporting a causal
interpretation of this association.
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33741447/
 Recent study shows low-fat diets reduce testosterone 10-15%

Men’s Testosterone Levels

 https://www.webmd.com/men/features/keep-testosterone-in-balance
 https://www.medicinenet.com/high_and_low_testosterone_levels_in_men/views.htm
 https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/testosterone
 https://www.healthline.com/health/low-testosterone/testosterone-levels-by-age
o star
 https://honehealth.com/the-edge/testosterone-levels-by-age
 https://www.webmd.com/men/features/keep-testosterone-in-balance

Men’s Free Testosterone Levels

 https://www.clevelandheartlab.com/tests/testosterone-free-and-total-males-adult-
immunoassay/
 https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/8508#Clinical-and-Interpretive

Women’s Testosterone Levels

 Testosterone in female depression

o https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/3/409/htm
o 2021
 Testosterone imbalance women depression obesity
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6555814/
o 2019
 Revisiting the role of testosterone – are we missing something?
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5434832/
o 2017
 Testosterone in women – clinical significance
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26358173/
o 2015
  Testosterone levels in women 25-50
o https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/153/3/256/80402
o 2001

Women TRT

 Trials tribulations women TRT

o https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/1/44
o 2021
 Practice guidelines TRT women
o https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609520309826
o 2021
 DHEA supplementation
o https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229920318872
o 2021
 Safety and efficacy of testosterone for women
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31353194/
o 2019
 Safety of TRT in women
o https://www.jogc.com/article/S1701-2163(16)35385-3/pdf
o 2012

Testosterone Boosting Foods Articles

 https://honehealth.com/the-edge/foods-that-boost-testosterone
 https://www.medicinenet.com/which_foods_increase_testosterone_the_most/article.htm
 https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/testosterone-boosting-food#3.-Cocoa-products
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323759#top-8-testosterone-boosting-foods
 https://honehealth.com/the-edge/foods-that-boost-testosterone

Testosterone Boosting Nutrients

 Vitamin D
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31332821/
 Vitamin D boosts testosterone
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32880851/
 More vitamin D = more testosterone
o
 Cholesterol
o https://www.artofmanliness.com/health-fitness/health/how-testosterone-is-made/
 Magnesium
o Literature review
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3958794/
o Studies
  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
42640224_Effects_of_Magnesium_Supplementation_on_Testosterone_Levels_
of_Athletes_and_Sedentary_Subjects_at_Rest_and_after_Exhaustion
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20352370/
 Zinc
o Review
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6010824/
o Meta
 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13685538.2019.1573220
o Single
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8875519/
 Selenium
o Systematic review
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32560188/
o Zinc and selenium
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21744023/
o Probiotics and selenium
 https://ovarianresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13048-018-0457-
1
 B-Vitamins
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6727359/
o Play a role in testosterone regulation
o B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12) each have a role in testosterone regulation.
 Omega-3 Fatty Acids
o https://jnsd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jnsd/article/view/35
 Boosts in women
o https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/12/3739
 elderly

Testosterone Boosting Foods List

 Whey Protein
o https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/6/376
 A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of
protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle
mass and strength in healthy adults
o https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/
systematic-review-and-metaanalysis-of-the-effect-of-protein-and-amino-acid-
supplements-in-older-adults-with-acute-or-chronic-conditions/
83C8288C73D79685854E78D5415B9029
 Protein and amino acid supplements
o https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ajcn/
nqab355/6407519?redirectedFrom=fulltext
  Protein interventions augment the effect of resistance exercise on
appendicular lean mass and handgrip strength in older adults: a systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
 Fatty Fish

o Nutrients
 Iodine
 Selenium
 Vitamin D
 Omega-3 Fatty Acid
 Taurine
o General
 Beneficial on stroke
 https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-018-
0897-z
o Salmon
 2.7 grams per 100 gram portion.
o Tuna
o Mackerol
o Sardines
 2.8 grams
 Shellfish
o General
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6375748/
 Shellfish associated with higher sperm quality, hormone levels
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6868249/
 Boost male rats

o Oysters
 74.1 milligrams in a 3-ounce serving of oysters that are cooked, breaded, and
fried. That's 673% of an average daily value.
 Eggs
o https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Abstract/2021/02000/
Whole_Egg_Vs__Egg_White_Ingestion_During_12_weeks.17.aspx
 Whole Egg Vs. Egg White Ingestion During 12 weeks of Resistance Training in
Trained Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial
 Egg whites and yolks increase testosterone, but egg yolks do it better
o Nutrients
 Selenium
 Cholesterol
 Choline
 Vitamin D
 Omega-3 Fatty Acids
 Oils
 o General
o Extra Virgin Olive Oil
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7844999/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6379345/
o Mediterranean diet
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393814/
o Coconut Oil

 Nuts
o General
o Brazil Nuts
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270419/
o Almonds
 Green Vegetables
o General
o Spinach
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7422584/
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31123801/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447764/
 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.561537/full
 ECDYSTERONE!!
o Broccoli
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1656396/
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10952093/
 Basically altered estrogen metabolism
 Other Vegetables
o General
o Garlic
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11481410/
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
11862427_Garlic_Supplementation_Increases_Testicular_Testosterone_and_De
creases_Plasma_Corticosterone_in_Rats_Fed_a_High_Protein_Diet
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115303518
o Onions
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11481410/
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
11862427_Garlic_Supplementation_Increases_Testicular_Testosterone_and_De
creases_Plasma_Corticosterone_in_Rats_Fed_a_High_Protein_Diet
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6406961/
 Fruit
o General
o Avocados
 Stuff
  A study conducted on rats found that a compound by the name of
oleuropein was able to further increase testosterone levels by
an average of 250%, via inhibition of the aromatase enzyme.
 Anti-inflammatory
 23 micronutrients like zinc and magnesium

o Pomegranites
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7060517/
 Increase salivary testosterone and decrease cortisol response
o Bananas
 We now know that the bromelain enzyme in bananas helps boost testosterone
levels.
 B vitamins
o Berries
 Flavonoid antioxidants
 “These reduce harmful estrogen levels, therefore supporting your testosterone.
They have a nutrient called calcium-dglucarate that removes toxins and excess
estrogen from your body. They also have plenty of resveratrol, which has anti-
aromatase and estrogen lowering effects, making blueberries one of the most
effective foods to boost testosterone.”
 Spices
o General
o Ginger
 The mechanisms through which ginger enhances testosterone production are
mainly by increasing LH production, increasing the level of cholesterol in testes,
reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the testes, enhancing the
activity of certain antioxidant enzymes, normalizing blood glucose, enhancing
nitric oxide production and increasing blood flow in Leydig cells, increasing
testicular weight, and recycling testosterone receptors.
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6316093/
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30360442/
 Meta-analysis
 Red Wine
o https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
263707569_The_effect_of_red_wine_consumption_on_hormonal_reproductive_param
eters_and_total_antioxidant_status_in_young_adult_male_rats
 The effect of red wine consumption on hormonal reproductive parameters and
total antioxidant status in young adult male rats
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24996445/
 The effect of red wine consumption on hormonal reproductive parameters and
total antioxidant status in young adult male rats
 Other
o Cocoa
 Cardiovascular, brain, mood, insulin sensitivity
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26026398/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575938/
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24117885/
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15755830/
 Zinc and magnesium

Testosterone Lowering Foods Articles

 https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-that-lower-testosterone#TOC_TITLE_HDR_2
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325186#bread-pastries-and-desserts
 https://www.performancecenterformen.com/what-foods-destroy-testosterone
 https://greatist.com/health/foods-that-kill-testosterone#bananas-and-caffeine

Testosterone lowering general

 Some studies have found that diets high in ultra-processed foods and low in nutrient-dense
foods may reduce testosterone levels (4Trusted Source, 5Trusted Source, 6Trusted Source).
o https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/testosterone-boosting-food

Testosterone Lowering Foods List

 Alcohol
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585852/
o https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/4/3/41/htm
 Recovery following exercise
o Erectile dysfunction
 https://www.nature.com/articles/3901556
 Soy
o https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623820302926
 20-year meta-analysis shows no impact of soy
 Sugar
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015465/
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22804876/
o https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071109171610.htm
 Too Much Sugar Turns Off Gene That Controls Effects Of Sex Steroids
 Refined Grains
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266690/
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5320410/
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266690/
o
 Canola Oil
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29633799/
 Vetetable oils impact reproductive track in rats
o https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47370562_Testosterone-
lowering_activity_of_canola_and_hydrogenated_soybean_oil_in_the_stroke-
prone_spontaneously_hypertensive_rat
  Stroke prone rats
o https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/446704
 Hidden cause of heart disease
o One study in 69 men showed that frequently consuming polyunsaturated fats was
associated with significantly lower testosterone levels (13Trusted Source).
o https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-that-lower-
testosterone#TOC_TITLE_HDR_5
o Another study in 12 men looked at the effects of diet on testosterone levels after
exercise and reported that polyunsaturated fat intake was linked to lower levels of
testosterone (14Trusted Source).
 Margarine
o 3 grams trans fats per serving
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3551118/
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955571/
 Risk factor cardiovascular disease
 Trans fats
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5312216/
o deleterious effect of trans fats on testicular function48,49,50,51 supporting a causal
interpretation of this association.
o that men in the highest quartile of trans fat intake had 37% lower total sperm count;26
these same men were also found to have 15% lower T levels and 4% lower testicular
volume than men in the lowest quartile of intake
 Fast Food
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31475727/
o produced a 25% fall in serum testosterone within an hour of eating, with levels
remaining suppressed below fasting baseline for up to 4 hours.
 Processed Meat
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4180710/
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19087438/
 Pork
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4524299/
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266690/
 Pasteurized Milk
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19496976/
o https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(16)30323-X/pdf
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4524299/
o Basically increased xenoestrogens which have their own problems
 Spearmint
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15302514/
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19585478/
o https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0090429504004182
 Licorice root
o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14520600/
 o https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15579328/
o Lowers testosterone in men and women
 Flaxseed
o https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752973/