Cloud Computing  

:
Cloud Computing referred as the accessing and storing of data and provide
services related to computing over the internet. It simply referred as it remote
services on the internet manage and access data online rather than any local
drives. The data can be anything like images, videos, audios, documents, files
etc.

Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,

configuring, and accessing the hardware and
software resources remotely. It offers online data
storage, infrastructure, and application.
Cloud computing offers platform independency, as
the software is not required to be installed locally on
the PC. Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our
business applications mobile and collaborative.

Basic Concepts
There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the cloud
computing feasible and accessible to end users. Following are the working models for
cloud computing:

 Deployment Models
 Service Models
Deployment Models

Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is
located? Cloud can have any of the four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid, and
Community.

Public Cloud
The public cloud allows systems and services to
be easily accessible to the general public. Public
cloud may be less secure because of its openness.
Private Cloud
The private cloud allows systems and services to
be accessible within an organization. It is more
secured because of its private nature.
Community Cloud
The community cloud allows systems and
services to be accessible by a group of
organizations.
Hybrid Cloud
The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private
cloud, in which the critical activities are performed
using private cloud while the non-critical activities
are performed using public cloud.

History of Cloud Computing

The concept of Cloud Computing came into
existence in the year 1950 with implementation of
mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static
clients. Since then, cloud computing has been
evolved from static clients to dynamic ones and
from software to services. The following diagram
explains the evolution of cloud computing:
Benefits
Cloud Computing has numerous advantages. Some of them are listed below -
 One can access applications as utilities, over the Internet.
 One can manipulate and configure the applications online at any time.
 It does not require to install a software to access or manipulate cloud application.
 Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment tools, programming
runtime environment through PaaS model.
 Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that provide
platform independent access to any type of clients.
 Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be used
without interaction with cloud service provider.
 Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at high efficiency
with optimum utilization. It just requires an Internet connection
 Cloud Computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.
Risks related to Cloud Computing
Although cloud Computing is a promising innovation
with various benefits in the world of computing, it
comes with risks. Some of them are discussed
below:
Security and Privacy
It is the biggest concern about cloud computing.
Since data management and infrastructure
management in cloud is provided by third-party, it is
always a risk to handover the sensitive information
to cloud service providers.
Although the cloud computing vendors ensure
highly secured password protected accounts, any
sign of security breach may result in loss of
customers and businesses.
Lock In
It is very difficult for the customers to switch from
one Cloud Service Provider (CSP) to another. It
results in dependency on a particular CSP for
service.
Isolation Failure
This risk involves the failure of isolation mechanism
that separates storage, memory, and routing
between the different tenants.
Management Interface Compromise
In case of public cloud provider, the customer
management interfaces are accessible through the
Internet.
Insecure or Incomplete Data Deletion
It is possible that the data requested for deletion
may not get deleted. It happens because either of
the following reasons
  Extra copies of data are stored but are not
available at the time of deletion
 Disk that stores data of multiple tenants is
destroyed.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

There are four key characteristics of cloud computing. They are shown in the following
diagram:

On Demand Self Service

Cloud Computing allows the users to use web services and resources on demand. One
can logon to a website at any time and use them.

Broad Network Access

Since cloud computing is completely web based, it can be accessed from anywhere
and at any time.

Resource Pooling

Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a pool of resources. One can share
single physical instance of hardware, database and basic infrastructure.

Rapid Elasticity

It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or horizontally at any time. Scaling of
resources means the ability of resources to deal with increasing or decreasing
demand.
The resources being used by customers at any given point of time are automatically
monitored.

Measured Service

In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the aspects of cloud service.
Resource optimization, billing, and capacity planning etc. depend on it.
Service Models

Cloud computing is based on service models. These are categorized into three basic
service models which are -

 Infrastructure-as–a-Service (IaaS)
 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) is yet another service model, which includes Network-
as-a-Service, Business-as-a-Service, Identity-as-a-Service, Database-as-a-
Service or Strategy-as-a-Service.
The Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is the most basic level of service. Each of the
service models inherit the security and management mechanism from the underlying
model, as shown in the following diagram:

nfrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical machines, virtual
machines, virtual storage, etc.
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development and deployment
tools, etc.
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
SaaS model allows to use software applications as a service to end-users.
Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice
of using a network of remote servers hosted on
the Internet to store, manage, and process data,
rather than a local server or a personal
computer. Companies offering these computing
services are called cloud providers and typically
charge for cloud computing services based on
usage.

TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES

Most cloud computing services fall into three
broad categories:
1. Software as a service (Saas)
2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
4. Anything as a service (XaaS)
These are sometimes called the cloud
computing stack, because they are build on top
of one another. Knowing what they are and how
they are different, makes it easier to accomplish
your goals.
1. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of
delivering services and applications over the
Internet. Instead of installing and maintaining
software, we simply access it via the Internet,
freeing ourselves from the complex software and
hardware management.It removes the need to
install and run applications on our own
computers or in the data centers eliminating the
expenses of hardware as well as software
maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution
which you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis
from a cloud service provider.Most SaaS
applications can be run directly from a web
browser without any downloads or installations
required.The SaaS applications are sometimes
called Web-based software, on-demand
software, or hosted software.

Advantages of SaaS :
1. Cost Effective : Pay only for what you use
2. Reduced time : Users can run most SaaS
apps directly from their web browser without
needing to download and install any
software.This reduces the time spent in
installation and configuration, and can reduce the
issues that can get in the way of the software
deployment.
3. Accessibility : We can Access app data from
anywhere.
4. Automatic updates : Rather than purchasing
new software, customers rely on a SaaS provider
to automatically perform the updates.
5. Scalability : It allows the users to access the
services and features on demand.
The various companies providing software as a
service are Cloud9 Analytics, Salesforce.com,
Cloud Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Eloqua,
dropBox and Cloud Tran .
2. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE
PaaS is a category of cloud computing that
provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services
over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in
the cloud and accessed by users simply via their
web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and
software on its own infrastructure. As a result,
PaaS frees users from having to install in-house
hardware and software to develop or run a new
application.Thus, the development and
deployment of the application takes
place independent of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the
underlying cloud infrastructure including network,
servers, operating systems, or storage, but has
control over the deployed applications and
possibly configuration settings for the
application-hosting environment.
Advantages of PaaS :
1. Simple and convenient for users : It
provides much of the infrastructure and other IT
services, which users can access anywhere via a
web browser.
2. Cost Effective : It charges for the services
provided on a per-use basis thus eliminating the
expenses one may have for on-premises
hardware and software.
3. Efficiently managing the lifecycle : It is
designed to support the complete web
application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying,
managing and updating.
4. Efficiency : It allows for higher-level
programming with reduced complexity thus, the
overall development of the application can be
more effective
The various companies providing Platform as a
service are Amazon Web services, Salesforce,
Windows Azure, Google App Engine, cloud Bess
and IBM smart cloud.
3. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service
model that delivers computer infrastructure on an
outsourced basis to support various operations.
Typically IaaS is a service where infrastructure is
provided as an outsource to enterprises such as
networking equipments, devices, database and
web servers.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is also
known as Hardware as a service (HaaS).IaaS
customers pay on a per-use basis, typically by
the hour, week or month. Some providers also
charge customers based on the amount of virtual
machine space they use.
It simply provides the underlying operating
systems, security, networking, and servers for
developing such applications, services, and for
deploying development tools, databases, etc.

Advantages of IaaS :
1. Cost Effective : Eliminates capital expense
and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS customers
pay on a per use basis, typically by the hour,
week or month.
2. Website hosting : Running websites using
IaaS can be less expensive than traditional web
hosting.
3. Security : The IaaS Cloud Provider may
provide better security than your existing
software.
4. Maintainence : There is no need to manage
the underlying data center or the introduction of
new releases of the development or underlying
software. This is all handled by the IaaS Cloud
Provider.
The various companies providing Infrastructure
as a service are Amazon web services,
Bluestack, IBM, Openstack, Rackspace and
Vmware.
4. Anything AS A SERVICE
Most of the cloud service providers now a days
offer anything as a service that is a compilation
of all of the above services including some
additional services.
 UNIT-3
CLOUD COMPUTING FOR EVERYONE
Centralizing email Communications
Cloud computing for families by examining how a typical family an use cloud-based tools to
help improve communications between family members. The key here is to enable
anywhere/anytime access to email. Precloud computing, your email access was via a single
computer, which also stored all your email messages. For this purpose, you probably used a
program like Microsoft Outlook or Outlook Express, installed on your home computer. If you
wanted to check your home email from work, it took a bit of juggling and perhaps the use of
your ISP’s email access web page. That web page was never in sync with the messages on your
home PC , of course, which is just the start of the problems with trying to communicate in this
fashion. A better approach is to use a web-based email service, such as Google’s Gmail
(mail.google.com), Microsoft’s Windows Live Hotmail (mail.live.com), or Yahoo! Mail
(mail.yahoo.com). These services place your email inbox in the cloud; you can access itfrom any
computer connected to the Internet.
You can check your web based email whether
you’re in the office or on the road. Just
make sure you’re connected
to the Internet, and then open your web browse
r and log in to the Gmail or Windows Live
Hotmail or Yahoo! Mail website. Go to
your inbox and you’ll
find your spouse’s
message; reply as necessary and await your
spouse’s response. Even if you change
locations or computers, your spouse’s messa
ge remains in your
inbox, and your reply
remains in your sent messages folder.
Cloud computing for community
It has tremendous benefits for the entire co
mmunity, from neighborhood groups to sports
teams to school organizations. Any time any
groups of people in the community need to
communicate and collaborate; web-base
d applications are the way to go.

Communicating Across the Community

One of the key components of any commun
ity collaboration is communication. Many
community activities are undertaken by people
in their spare time—outside of normal
work and home activities. Therefore, they
might be communicating during office hours
on their work computer, after hours on th
eir home computer, or
during any spare
moment. Programs can be accessed from any co
mputer connected to the Internet. You
use your web browser to send and view email messages hosted on the web. You can send
and receive messages at work, at home, or
from wherever you happen to be. Everything
you send and receive is stored in the cloud,
accessible from anywhere at any time.
Collaborating on Schedules
It comes to coordinating multip
le individuals or families
in a community activity; you
have your work cut out for you. Whether
it’s a youth sports team, community
organization, school event, or some community
event, trying to line up who’s free and
who’s not on a given evening takes a lot of
effort—unless, that is, you’re using web-
based scheduling tools.
One of the most common community activities:
youth sports. whatever the sport, there’s
a lot of activities
that need to be sc
heduled—practices, home games, away games, team
meetings, you name it. Multiply the number of
players (and coaches) on each team times
the number of events, and you see the complexity
; it gets even worse if you’re trying to
manage events for an entire league.
Communicating Across the Community
One of the key components of any community
collaboration is communication. This isn’t
as easy as it sounds, because many commun
ity activities are unde
rtaken by people in
their spare time—outside of normal work and
home activities. Therefore, they might be
communicating during office hour
s on their work computer,
after hours on their home
computer, or during any spare moment wher
ever they may happen to be. That makes
using traditional desktop email, such as Microsoft Outlook or Windows Mail,
problematic. The better solution when comm
unication on community issues is to use a

web-based email program, such as Gmail

(mail.google.com), Microsoft Windows Live
Hotmail (mail.live.com), or Yahoo! Mail (mail.yahoo.com). These programs can be
accessed from any computer connected to the
Internet. You use your web browser to send
and view email messages hoste
d on the web. You can send and
receive messages at work,
at home, or from wherever you happen to
be. Everything you send and receive is stored
in the cloud, accessible from anywhere at any time.
Collaborating on Group Projects and Events
Community groups often have a lot on their
plates. Someone has to schedule the next
fundraiser, someone else needs to
print up flyers, someone else
is in charge of recruiting
new members...there’s just a lot of stuff to do! How does your community group manage
all these activities? In the new world of
cloud computing, the best way is with a web-
based application— which anyone in the group can access.
Collaborating on To-Do Lists
Let’s start with simple task management, in
the form of the old-fashioned todo list. These
are web-based lists that multiple group members can access from any web browser. Tasks
are entered (complete with due date
) and checked off when completed.
(www.blablalist.com), Remember the Milk (www.rememberthemilk.com),
Ta-da List (www.tadalist.com), Tudu List (www.tudulist.com)
Collaborating on Task Management
For managing more complex tasks, a simple
to-do list application might not cut the
mustard. Instead, consider using a web-based
task management application that lets you
manage the multiple pieces and parts of large projects.

Collaborating on Event Management

When you’re putting on a big event such as
a concert or conferen
ce, you have a whole
new set of challenges to face. Not only do
you have to manage the tasks involved with
putting together the event,
you also have to handle
Attendee registration, event marketing, ticket sa
les, and the like. It’s a massive effort—
made somewhat easier by web-ba
sed event management tools.
Collaborating on
Event Marketing
When it comes to promoting your community events, you want to go beyond the basics to
more creative forms of marketing. For exampl
e, you may want to create a brochure or
flyer to announce your event. Fine and da
ndy, but everybody in th
e group (includng all
the community bigwigs) wants input on the fina
l piece. This may have been difficult in
precloud days, but now you can use a web-ba
sed application such as Google Docs
(docs.google.com) to create your piece and make it available online for everyone to see
and comment on.
Collaborating on Budgets
Every event, small or large, comes with its
own set of costs. And
with community events,
those costs are often managed by a group of
people, each responsible for a specific
operation or group of operations.
Cloud Computing for the Corporation
Companies large and small rec
ognize the cost savings and
productivity enhancements of
using web-based tools to manage projects
, collaborate on documents and presentations,
manage enterprise wide contac
ts and schedules, and the like.
Managing Schedules
Better way is web-based scheduling. Everyone
places his or her
schedule in the cloud,
which then enables the meeting’s organize
r to easily see who’s available when. The
cloud-based app finds the best time for all i
nvolved and schedules the meeting. No more
emails, no more phone calls; it all happens automatically, in the cloud.
Web-based scheduling programs let you sc
hedule both in-person meetings and
teleconferences with attendees from multiple
locations. You’re not limited to just those
people located in your office; you can work
with the schedules of people around the
country and even in different firms.
Managing Contact Lists
Salespeople have to deal with lots and lots
of contacts. Not only is
their address book full,
they need to know when to contact certain
clients, when follow-up calls are necessary,
what the boss needs them to do today, and the like.
The solution, of course, is a web-based c
ontact management or customer resource
management (CRM) application. These programs are tailored to the needs of a busy
salesperson and come complete with featur
es such as activity
scheduling, appointment
reminders, email templates, and the like. Among
the most popular of these applications
are BigContacts
(www.bigcontacts.com), Highrise (www.highr
isehq.com), and the market leading
Salesforce.com (www.salesforce.com).
Managing Projects
Most companies at one point or another have
at least one big proj
ect going on—the type
of project that involves mu
ltiple employees from multiple departments and perhaps
multiple locations. Projects of this type have
tons of individual pieces and parts, each of
which dependent on the completion of a previous task.
Many project management applications incl
ude additional functions useful in the
management of group projects. These features
may include group to-do lists, web-based
file sharing, message boards, time and cost
tracking, and so on. And the most robust of
these apps le ts you manage multiple projects simultaneously; users can schedule their
time across multiple projects and make sure they’re not doing two things at once.
Collaborating on Presentations
Every company today sees more than its fair share of PowerPoint presentations. The problem
with producing a large presentation is that you
often need input from more than one person,
department, or office. cloud computing makes collaborating on presentations a whole lot easier.
By creating a single presentation document, yo
u don’t have to worry about consolidating
information from multiple documents. The most-used web-based presentation program today is
Google Presentations, part of the Google Docs suite
(docs.google.com). This application includes
a lot of PowerPoint-like features, and can even import and export files in PowerPoint’s format.
Presenting on the Road
Here’s an added benefit in presenting from
the cloud: You can give your presentation
anywhere without taking it with you. That
’s right, you don’t have
to bother loading a
huge PowerPoint file onto your notebook PC’s hard disk.
Instead, when you get to your destination, c
onnect your notebook to the Internet, open
your web-based presentation, a
nd give that presentation in
real time to your local
audience. In fact, you don’t even
have to take your notebook with you. You can use any
computer at the host location to
access and launch your presentation.
Some of these applications include additional
features that add functionality to remote
presentations. For example, Zoho Show includes integration with Zoho Chat, which lets
you have real-time text-based interaction with
interested participants. It’s like adding a
chat room to your presentation; participan
ts ask you questions a
nd you respond, in real
time, during the course of the presentation.
Web-based applications such as Cisco’s
WebEx (www.webex.com) and Microsoft Office
Live Meeting (office.microsoft.com/en-us/livemeeting/).
These are hosted applications that let you
stage live meetings and presentations— called
web conferences
—over the Internet. All group members log onto a designated website
and then view the presenter’s presentation or
participate in real-time audio and video
discussions
Short Questions:
1.
How cloud reaches everyone?
2.
How cloud reduces the communication barriers?
3.
Why email communication is centr
alized? How it is possible?
4.
How scheduling programs become easy using cloud?
5.
List the impact of
cloud in group projects.
6.
How contacts are managed efficiently using cloud computing?
7.
How a collaborated report
is created using cloud?
8.
Wherever a presentation can be done, how?