Frequently missed questions (Pretest 2)

Question
Correct responses

4. Thirty students in a class averaged 80% on a certain exam. Twenty others averaged 90%.
What is the class average?

69 / 179
Solution:
30 x 80% = 2400
20 x 90% = 1800
Get the sum: 4200
Divide by the total number of students: 4200/50 = 420/5 = 84%

5. If the average annual income of 15 workers is Php 66, 000 and six of the workers made Php
30,000 for the year, what is the average annual income of the remaining 9 workers?

25 / 179
Solution:
15 x 66,000 = 990,000
6 x 30,000 = 180,000
Subtract: 810,000 (This is the total annual income of the 9 workers)
Divide: 810,000/9 = 90,000

13. How many numbers of 4 different digits each greater than 5000 can be formed from the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7?

68 / 179
Solution:
Use Counting Techniques
There are 3 numbers from the 7 choices that would satisfy the condition and make the 4 digit
number greater than 5000. These are 5,6 and 7.
For the next digit you will have only 6 choices after choosing a number for the first digit.
Then you will have 5 remaining numbers to choose from for the 3 rd digit and finally 4 choices for
the last digit. Therefore:
3 x 6 x 5 x 4 = 18 x 20 = 360
18. In how many ways can the judges in the Bb. Pilipinas pageant choose the Philippine
representatives to the Miss Universe and Miss World beauty contests from among 5 finalists?

76 / 179
Solution:
This can also use Counting Techniques. Since there were 5 finalists, there will be 5 choices for
the Miss U and after that 4 remaining choices for the Miss World. Hence,
5 x 4 = 20

21. A committee of 7 is to be selected from 8 seniors and 5 juniors. In how many ways can this
be done if the committee must be composed of 4 seniors?

39 / 179
Solution:
Using Combinations there will be 8C4 combinations to choose from the seniors and 5C3
combinations for the 3 remaining slots for the juniors to complete the 7 members of the
committee. Then multiplying the 2 combinations we have
8C4 x 5C3 2
8! 8𝑥7𝑥6𝑥5𝑥4! 8𝑥7𝑥6𝑥5 8𝑥7𝑥6𝑥5 2𝑥7𝑥5
8𝐶4 = = = = = = 70
4!𝑥(8−4)! 4!𝑥4! 4! 4𝑥3𝑥2 1

2
5! 5! 5𝑥4𝑥3! 5𝑥4 5𝑥2
5𝐶3 = = 3!𝑥(2)! = = = = 10
3!𝑥(5−3)! 3!𝑥2! 2! 1

8C4 x 5C3 = 70 x 10 = 700

23. A caterer offers 3 kinds of soup, 7 kinds of main dish, 4 kinds of vegetable dish and 4 kinds of
dessert. In how many possible way can a caterer form a meal consisting of 1 soup, 2 main
dishes, 1 vegetable dish, and 2 desserts?

77 / 179
Solution:
Using Combination we have
3C1 x 7C2 x 4C1 x 4C2
3C1 = 3
4C1 = 4 3
7! 7! 7𝑥6𝑥5! 7𝑥6 7𝑥3
7𝐶2 = = 2!𝑥(5)! = = = = 21
2!𝑥(7−2)! 2!𝑥5! 2! 1
 2
4! 4! 4𝑥3𝑥2! 4𝑥3 2𝑥3
4𝐶2 = = 2!𝑥(2)! = 2!𝑥(2)! = = =6
2!𝑥(4−2)! 2! 1

3C1 x 7C2 x 4C1 x 4C2 = 3 x 21 x 4 x 6 =1512

27. Find the probability of getting a head or a tail in a single toss of a coin?

47 / 179
Solution:
Probability of getting a head or a tail. The keyword is OR which implies ADDITION of
probabilities.
Probability of getting head in a single coin toss or P(head) = 1/2
Probability of getting tail in a single coin toss or P(tail) = ½
Hence P(head or tail) = ½ + ½ = 2/2 = 1

30. A box contains 5 red balls, 3 green balls and 4 blue balls. If two balls are drawn in succession
without replacement, what is the probability that both are red?
78 / 179
Solution:
In probability, the word drawn in SUCCESSION indicates multiplication of probabilities.
The probability of an Event = (Number of favourable outcomes) / (Total number of possible
outcomes)
P(A) = n(E)/n(S)
Probability of getting a red ball in the 1 st draw or P(red1) = 5/12
Probability of getting a red ball in the 2 nd draw or P(red2) = 4/11
Take note that the balls are not returned to the box hence the number of red balls and the total
number of balls in the box for the 2 nd draw will decrease by 1 after drawing the 1st ball.
5 4 5 1 𝟓
P(red1,red2) = 𝑥 11 = 3 𝑥 11 = 𝟑𝟑
3 12

31. Two men and three women are in a committee. Two of the five are to be chosen to serve as
officers. If the officers are chosen at random, what is the probability that both officers will be
women?

0 / 179
Solution:
In this case, the officers were chosen at random but not in succession, hence
3𝐶2
P(W,W) =
5𝐶2
 3! 3𝑥2! 3
3C2 = = 2!𝑥1! = 1 = 3
2!𝑥(3−2)!
5! 5𝑥4𝑥3! 5𝑥4 5𝑥2
5C2 = = = = = 10
2!𝑥(5−2)! 2!𝑥3! 2! 1
3𝐶2 𝟑
P(W,W) = = 𝟏𝟎
5𝐶2

32. A box contains 5 red balls, 6 white and 5 blue balls. Two balls are simultaneously taken at
random. What is the probability that they are both white?
40 / 179
This is similar to the previous question.
6𝐶2
P(W,W) =
16𝐶2 3
6! 6! 6𝑥5𝑥4! 3𝑥5
6C2 = = 2!𝑥(4!)! = = = 15
2!𝑥(6−2)1 2! 𝑥 4! 1

8
16! 16𝑥15𝑥14! 8 𝑥 15
21C2 = (16−2)!
= = = 120
2!𝑥 2! 𝑥 14! 1
6𝐶2 15 3 𝟏
P(W,W) =
21𝐶2
= 120 = 24 = 𝟖

34. The table shows the number of students in a Statistics class. If a student is selected at
random, find the probability of selecting a senior.
60 / 179

Solution:
P(Senior) = n(Senior)/n(Total) = 20/40 = 2/4 = 1/2

35. The table shows the number of students in a Statistics class. Find the probability of selecting
a female who is a junior.
51 / 179

P(Female and Junior) = n(Female and Junior)/n(Total) = 8/40 = 1/5

The table shows the number of students in a Statistics class. Find the probability of selecting a
senior or a female.
33 / 179

Note: The keyword is OR which indicates addition of probabilities

P(Senior or Female) = P(Senior) + P(Female) = n(Senior)/n(Total) + n(Female)/n(Total)
P(Senior) = 20/40
P(Female) = 14/40
20 14 34 𝟏𝟕
P(Senior or Female) = + = =
40 40 40 𝟐𝟎

38. Twenty-one tickets numbered from 1 to 21 are in a box. If two tickets are drawn at random,
determine the probability that both are odd?

78 / 179
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20.21
There are 11 odd-numbered tickets in the box, hence
11𝐶2
P(odd, odd) =
21𝐶2
11 ! 11𝑥10𝑥9! 11𝑥5
11C2 = = 2!𝑥(9!) = = 55
2!𝑥 (11−2)! 1

21! 21𝑥20𝑥19! 21𝑥10

21C2 = = = = 210
2!𝑥(21−2)! 2!𝑥 19! 1
11𝐶2 55 𝟏𝟏
P(odd, odd) = = 210 = 𝟒𝟐
21𝐶2

39. Spin spinner I, then spinner II. What is the probability of getting a 2 or a 4, followed by Red?

58 / 179
P(2 or 4) = P(2) + P(4) = ¼ + ¼ =2/4 =1/2
P(Red) = 1/3
Since the problem suggests succession of events by the phrase “followed by”, this implies
multiplication of probabilities. Thus,
P(2 or 4) x P(red) =1/2 x 1/3 =1/6

40. In a survey about the number of TV sets in a house, the following probability table was
constructed below. Find the probability of a house having 3 or fewer TV sets.

27 / 179

P(3 or fewer) = P(0) + P(1) + P(2) + P(3) = 0.05 + 0.24 + 0.33 + 0.21 = 0.83

6. Anna has an average of 87% on 5 exams in Statistics. What must she get in the 6th exam to
get an average of 88% for the 6 exams?
Solution:
6 x 88 = 528 Total for the 6 exams
5 x 87 = 435 Total for the 5 exams
Subtract: 528 – 435 = 93 (This should be her %score for the 6th exam

16. In how many ways can 7 people be seated around a circular table?
Solution:
The permutation of n number of objects arranged in a circle is (n-1)!
Hence, (7-1)! = 6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 20 x 36 = 720
20. How many signals can be made by arranging 9 flags in a line if 4 are red, 3 are white, and 2
are blue?
Solution:
The number of permutations of n objects with a number of objects that are similar, b number of
object that are the same and c number of objects that are similar is:
𝑛! 9! 9 𝑥 8 𝑥 7 𝑥 6 𝑥 5 𝑥 4! 9 𝑥 8 𝑥 7 𝑥 6 𝑥 5 9𝑥4𝑥7𝑥5 63𝑥20
= = = = = = 1260
𝑎! 𝑥 𝑏! 𝑥 𝑐! 4! 𝑥 3! 𝑥 2! 4! 𝑥 3! 𝑥 2! 3𝑥2𝑥2 1 1
26. A pair of dice is tossed. What is the probability of getting a total of 8?
Solution:
P(Total of 8) = n(E)/n(S)

n(E) = number of cases where the numbers in the dice will add up to 8
n(E) = (2,6), (6,2), (3,5), (5,3), (4,4) = 5
n(S) = 36 since there are 6 2 = 36 possible outcomes in throwing a pair of dice.
P(Total of 8) = n(E)/n(S) = 5/36

33. A pair of dice are rolled. Find the probability that the total on the two dice is not 8.
Solution:
Given P(A), P(A) + P(A’) = 1. Thus, the complement of a probability or P(A’) is 1 – P(A).
Using the result in the previous problem, we know that P(Total of 8) = 5/36
Therefore, its complement which is the probability that the total of the two dice is NOT 8 or
36 5 𝟑𝟏
P(A’) = 1 – 5/36 = − 36 = 𝟑𝟔
36

37. A player rolls two dice. He wins if and only if the first die shows an even number or if the two
dice show a sum of 9. Find his probability of winning.
Solution:
P(1st die is Even or Sum of 9) = P(1st die is Even) + P(Sum of 9) – P(1st die is even and the sum is 9)

P(1st die is Even) = n(Even)/n(S)

n(Even) = (2,1), (2,2), …, (4,1), (4,2), …, (6, 5), (6,6) = 18
n(S) = 36
P(1st die is Even) = n(Even)/n(S) = 18/36

P(Sum of 9) = n(sum of 9)/n(S)

n(Sum of 9) = (3,6), (6,3), (4,5), (5,4) = 4
n(S) = 36
P(Sum of 9) = n(sum of 9)/n(S) = 4/36
P(1st die is even and the sum is 9) = n(1st die is even and sum is 9)/n(S)
n(1st die is even and sum is 9) = (4,5), (6,3) = 2
P(1st die is even and the sum is 9) = n(1st die is even and sum is 9)/n(S) = 2/36

P(1st die is Even or Sum of 9) = P(1st die is Even) + P(Sum of 9) – P(1st die is even and the sum is 9)
18 4 2 20 10 𝟓
P(1st die is Even or Sum of 9) = + 36 − 36 = 36 = 18 = 𝟗
36