annexure-I

A MICRO PROJECT ON " Shell Script in Linux/Unix"

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro project

An Operating System is basically a system program that controls the execution of application
programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware. It manages the
computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner. This course enables one to learn the
internal functioning of operating systems and will help in identifying appropriate Operating Systems
for given applications/tasks. This course is also a prerequisite for the group of courses included in
the 'Cloud Infrastructure Maintenance' Elective group.

2.0 Course outcome addressed.

b. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.

c. Execute process commands for performing process management operations,
d. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting time.
e. Calculate the efficiency of different memory management techniques.
f. Apply file management techniques.

3.0 Proposed methodology

In this project, we get information about shell scripting in Linux/Unix.

4.0 Action Plan

Sr. No Activity Detail Responsible team member

1 Discuss the project with the project guide All members

2 Collect information from the internet and Textbook Harshada Kamble &
Dhanshree Gaikwad
3 Collect information from the OSY Operating Omkar Kamble
System 22516 reference book

4 Arrange all information in Google Docs Dhanshree Gaikwad

5 Create a report using Google Docs Dhanshree Gaikwad

6 Print the Microproject Snehal Gharwadhve

5.0 Resources used

Sr no Name of the Resource Specification Quantity

1 Computer Windows 10 1

2 Internet Google/ Wikipedia

3 Reference books OSY Operating System 22516 1

 annexure-II

Micro-Project Report

A MICRO PROJECT ON "Shell Script in Linux/Unix "

1.0 Brief Introduction

Shell Scripting is an open-source computer program run by the Unix/Linux shell. Shell Scripting is a
program to write a series of commands for the shell to run. It can combine lengthy and repetitive
sequences of commands into a single and simple script that can be kept and run anytime which,
decreases programming efforts.
This Shell Scripting tutorial aids in learning a basic understanding of the Linux/Unix shell scripting
program to develop concepts of Shell Scripting. This Shell Script tutorial is designed for newbies and
professionals who want to learn What is Shell Scripting? How shell scripting works, types of shell,
and more.

What is Shell?

Shell is a UNIX term for an interface between a user and an operating system service. Shell
delivers users with an interface and receives human-readable commands into the system and
performs those commands which can run automatically and give the program’s output in a shell
script.

An Operating is created of many components, but its two prime components are –
● Kernel
● Shell
A Kernel is at the heart of a computer. It completes the communication between the hardware
and software possible. While the Kernel is the innermost part of an OS, a shell is the outermost
one.

Types of Shell
There are two types of Shells in Linux:
1. The Bourne Shell: The prompt for this shell is $ and its derivatives are listed below:
● POSIX shell also is known as sh
● Korn shell also known as sh
● Bourne Again SHell also known as bash (most popular)
2. The C shell: The prompt for this shell is %, and its subcategories are:
● C shell also is known as csh
● Tops C shell also is known as tcsh

Steps to write Shell Script in Linux/ Unix

Shell Scripts are written utilizing text editors. On your Linux system, open a text editor program,
open a new file to begin typing a shell script or shell programming, then give the shell
permission to complete your shell script and put your script at the location from where the shell
can locate it.
Let us understand the steps in making a Shell Script:
1. Create a file utilizing a vi editor(or any other editor). Name script file with extension .sh
2. Start the script with #! /bin/sh
3. Write some code.
4. Save the script file as filename.sh
5. For running the script type bash filename.sh
“#!” is an operator named shebang which directs the script to the interpreter’s location. So if we
use “#! /bin/sh” the script gets directed to the bourne-shell.
Let’s create a small script- #!/bin/ah la

Steps to create Shell script Programs in Linux/Unix -

Command ‘Is’ is run when we complete the script sample.sh file.

Adding shell comments

Commenting is important in any program. In Shell programming, the syntax to add a comment is
#comment

What are shell variables?

Variables store data in the form of characters and numbers. Likewise, Shell variables are utilized
to store information and they can be by the shell only.
For example, the following creates shell variable and then prints it:
variable = “Hello”
echo $variable

Below is a small script that will use a variable

#!/bin/sh
echo “what is your name?”
read name
echo “How do you do, $name?”
read remark
echo “I am $remark too!”
The steps to create and execute the script

As you see, the program determined the value of the variable ‘name’ as Joy and ‘remark’ as
excellent. This is a simple script. You can create advanced scripts which contain conditional
statements, loops, and functions. Shell scripting will make your life easy and Linux
administration a breeze.

Summary:
● The kernel is the heart of the operating systems, and it communicates between hardware
and software
● Shell is a program that interprets user commands through CLI like Terminal
● The Bourne shell and the C shell are the most used shells in Linux
● Linux Shell scripting is writing a series of commands for the shell to execute
● Shell variables store the value of a string or a number for the shell to read
● Shell scripting in Linux can help you make complex programs containing conditional
statements, loops, and functions
● Basic Shell Scripting Commands in Linux: cat, more, less, head, tail, mkdir, cp, mv, rm,
touch, grep, sort, wc, cut, and, more.
2.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr No Name of Resource Specifications Quantity

1 Computer Windows 10 1

2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia

3 Textbook/Manual OSY Operating System 22516 1

3.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project

In this project, we successfully get information about the shell scripting in Linux/Unix.
TECHNOLOGIES

4.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

1. Increase knowledge about shell scripting in Linux/Unix.

2. Experience teamwork
3. Increase communication skill
4. Know about shell scripting in Linux/Unix.

Conclusion

A shell script is a text file that includes a sequence of commands for a UNIX-based operating
system. It is called shell script because it combines a sequence of commands, that would
otherwise have to be typed into the keyboard one at a time, into a single script.