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Percent Yield - WKST

This document contains examples and problems involving determining empirical and molecular formulas from combustion analysis data and percent composition information. Several examples are provided where samples of compounds are burned and the mass of products collected are used to determine the percent composition of elements in the original compound, and from there the empirical formula. Additional data on molar masses is then used to determine the molecular formulas. Problems are presented for students to work through involving determining empirical and molecular formulas using these techniques.

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Junghoon Lee
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110 views4 pages

Percent Yield - WKST

This document contains examples and problems involving determining empirical and molecular formulas from combustion analysis data and percent composition information. Several examples are provided where samples of compounds are burned and the mass of products collected are used to determine the percent composition of elements in the original compound, and from there the empirical formula. Additional data on molar masses is then used to determine the molecular formulas. Problems are presented for students to work through involving determining empirical and molecular formulas using these techniques.

Uploaded by

Junghoon Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AP Chemistry

Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield

1. Aluminum metal reacts with chlorine gas in a synthesis reaction.


a. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

b. If 15.2 g of aluminum reacts with 39.1g of chlorine, identify the limiting reactant.

c. Determine the mass in grams of the product formed.

d. Determine the mass in grams of excess reactant remaining when the reaction is complete.

e. If you made 50.0g of AlCl3 in the lab, what is your percent yield?

f. If the percent yield were 83.65%, how much could be expected to be made in the experiment?

2. Fe(s) + O2(g)  Fe3O4(s)


a. When 13.54 g of O2 is mixed with 12.21 g of Fe, which is the limiting reactant?

b. What mass in grams of iron oxide is produced?

c. What mass in grams of excess reactant remains when the reaction is complete?

d. Kelly performed completed this reaction in a lab and made15.88 g of Fe3O4, what was her percent yield?

3. Diiodine pentoxide is useful in devices such as respirators because it reacts with the dangerous gas carbon
monoxide, CO, to produce relatively harmless CO2 according to the following equation:
AP Chemistry
I2O5 + CO  I2 + CO2
a. In testing a respirator, 2.00g of carbon monoxide gas is passed through diiodine pentoxide. Upon
analyzing the results, it is found that 3.17g of I2 was produced. Calculate the percent yield of the
reaction.

b. Assuming that the yield in part a resulted because some of the CO did not react, calculate the mass of
CO that passed through.

4. Cu(s) + Cl2(g)  CuCl2(s)


a. If 12.5 g Cu reacts with excess chlorine, calculate the theoretical yield of CuCl 2.

b. If ony 25.4g of CuCl2 was produced, what is the percent yield?

5. Sodium hyperchlorite, NaClO, the main ingredient in household bleach, is produced by bubbling chlorine
gas through a strong lye(sodium hydroxide, NaOH) solution. The following equation shows the reaction
that occurs.
NaOH + Cl2  NaCl + NaClO + H2O
a. What is the percent yield of the reaction if 1.2kg of Cl 2 reacts to form .90kg of NaClO?

6. The percent yield for the reaction PCl3 + Cl2  PCl5 is 83.2%. What mass of PCl5 is expected from
the reaction of 73.7 g of PCl3 with excess chlorine?
AP Chemistry
Conservation of Mass Worksheet
Example:
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen is analyzed. When a 1.2543 gram sample is burned completely in
excess oxygen, 3.671 grams of CO2(g) is formed. What is the empirical formula of this compound?

a) Write a skeleton equation for this reaction. If you do not know the formula for every compound, put
information about what you do know in parenthesis.

b) How many grams of carbon are in 3.671 g of CO2? Where did all of this carbon come from? How much
carbon was in the original sample of the unknown compound?

c) What is the percent composition of carbon and hydrogen in the unknown compound?

d) Determine the empirical formula of this compound, now that you know the percent composition.

e) The molar mass of this compound is determined to be 30.08 g/mol. What is the correct molecular formula
of the unknown compound?

ONE
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen is analyzed. Combustion of a 16.81 g sample of this compound produces
38.91 g of CO2(g). What is the empirical formula of this compound? What is the molecular formula if the molar
mass of the compound is determined to be 38.03 g/mol?

TWO
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen is analyzed. Combustion of a 0.213 g sample of this compound yields
0.2132 g of water. What is the empirical formula of this compound? What is the molecular formula if the molar
mass of the compound is 81.15 g/mol?

THREE
A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is analyzed. Combustion of a 3.4 g sample of this compound
produces 6.79 g of CO2(g) and 2.7843 g of water vapor. What is the empirical formula of this compound? What is
the molecular formula if the molar mass of the compound is 44.06 g/mol?
AP Chemistry
Percent Composition and Molecular Formula Worksheet

1) What’s the empirical formula of a molecule containing 65.5% carbon, 5.5% hydrogen, and 29.0% oxygen?

2) If the molar mass of the compound in problem 1 is 110 grams/mole, what’s the molecular formula?

________________________________________________________________

3) What’s the empirical formula of a molecule containing 18.7% lithium, 16.3% carbon, and 65.0% oxygen?

4) If the molar mass of the compound in problem 3 is 73.8 grams/mole, what’s the molecular formula?

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