Machine Learning Applications. 22+ Examples Across 4 Industries
Machine Learning Applications. 22+ Examples Across 4 Industries
INTRODUCTION
For decades, machine learning (ML) remained more in the sphere of research than active
implementation. Recent years, however, have seen a significant uptick in its adoption rate.
Often described as part art and part science, the technology offers an abundance of
applications for virtually every industry. From online shopping to epidemic prevention,
there are hardly any areas of modern life that cannot be optimized with a judicious use of
algorithms.
A global online survey by McKinsey in 2018 found that 78% of respondents reported
receiving significant or moderate value from implementing ML solutions in their
operations, while only 1% claimed they saw none or negative value.
The unprecedented rise of AI and its transformative value for business and the society as
a whole has led some researchers to believe that it’s bound to become a “general-purpose
technology,” on par with other game-changing inventions, such as steam engines and the
internet.
However, the key to maximizing the returns lies in forging a comprehensive ML strategy
based on solid technical capabilities in AI and a deep understanding of the potential use
cases in your industry.
We hope that the guide we’ve compiled will help you map where ML opportunities lie for
your business and inspire you to incorporate some of the technology’s transformative
solutions to maintain a competitive edge.
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MACHINE LEARNING
IN ECOMMERCE
The rise of online shopping is undeniable, and so is the competition between internet
retailers. To get ahead of the curve, ecommerce businesses are increasingly turning to
artificial intelligence to better understand their shoppers’ needs, create a more
personalized customer experience, and boost sales revenue as a result.
The sector has for long been leading the way for the adoption of artificial intelligence. By
making extensive use of the latest machine learning solutions, from recommender
systems to augmented reality, online retailers are completely transforming how we shop
online.
It’s estimated that AI investments in the sector will continue to grow, totaling to a
compound annual growth rate of 42.8% from 2019–2025.
Recommender systems
Recommender systems are why Netflix always seems to have something that suits your
tastes to watch, and Spotify keeps finding music you might like. They have been a key
factor in the commercial success of giants with a large number of users, but they can be
implemented with success on ecommerce platforms of any size.
The AI-powered systems analyze consumers’ activity and browsing data, and create
product recommendations tailored to their individual needs and preferences. To widen
the range of products and services presented to the user, they also take into account the
behavior of consumers who display a similar taste.
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On the one hand, recommender systems are a great way for marketers to increase their
sales volumes. On the other, they’re helping consumers broaden their preferences and
make more relevant choices in a world of product overload.
Content personalization
Businesses that want to thrive in the highly competitive online retail sector need to go
beyond generic offers or even basic personalization, such as page layouts. Thanks to
machine learning, they can offer their customers exactly what they want and then some.
Accenture’s Personalization Pulse Check report found that businesses’ number one
challenge in meeting consumer needs is “learning how to uniquely serve everyone without
overwhelming anyone.”
The paper also said that nearly half of the surveyed consumers left an online shopping
website and went on to make a purchase on another site simply because it was poorly
curated. The vast majority (91%) were also more likely to shop with brands who provide
them with personalized offers and recommendations.
One of the ways businesses can inject some AI into their one-to-one marketing is by
providing individualized incentives, such as birthday discounts.
For instance, to reduce the cart abandonment rate, which varies between 60% and 80%,
online retailers can use artificial intelligence to analyze customers’ digital body language
while they’re still on the site, and then provide them with the right messages to encourage
a purchase.
Open Time Content is another AI-powered technology that helps marketers contextualize
engagement. It populates emails with content at the time they’re opened for the ultimate
real-time retail experience.
To make the offer as appealing to the consumers as possible, it combines their previous
shopping history with retailer’s latest offers, and updates each time the email is accessed.
Chatbots
Long gone are the days when talking to a machine was frustrating and weirdly amusing at
the same time.
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In case the users need information the chatbot can’t provide, it can instantly put them in
touch with one of the customer service operatives, making sure that no inquiry goes
unanswered.
Dynamic pricing
You’ve certainly noticed how the price of your Uber ride home keeps fluctuating
depending on the time of day, weather conditions, and availability of drivers. Although the
carrier’s dynamic pricing is legendary (after all, the company has over 100 experts
working on them), the technique can benefit any business willing to invest in it.
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According to McKinsey, companies that implement dynamic pricing report 2–5% sales
growth and 5–10% increase in margins as well as higher levels of customer satisfaction.
The idea behind the practice is that customers get a personalized price, dependent on a
specific set of circumstances. It can include pricing data from different online sources,
including a company’s competitors, as well as customers’ individual shopping habits.
Machine learning is an essential element in this process: it makes it possible to identify
shoppers’ data patterns and to predict how responsive they might be to new prices.
Manual implementation of the tests is often very time-consuming, and it takes a while to
produce results. By injecting artificial intelligence into the technique you can make your
product self-optimize in real time and deliver the best and most effective variation to your
users, without the need to manually set up and fine-tune the A/B test.
The AI component allows you to test a potentially infinite number of variables at any given
time. Notably, it can also take into account users’ preferences and previous browsing
history to determine the most suitable combinations.
However, thanks to artificial intelligence, consumers no longer need to leave their homes
to discover new styles and curate their wardrobes.
Augmented reality (AR), often used together with AI and dubbed the future of retail,
allows shoppers to virtually try on products such as clothing, eyewear, or makeup—in real
time.
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For instance, Pinterest recently partnered with cosmetic giants such as Estée Lauder, YSL
Beauté, and Lancôme to launch a shoppable AR feature that allows users to “try on”
different lipstick colors using the app’s built-in camera. The platform will also display
similar lip shades on skin tones that match the user’s and let them explore related looks.
Source: Pinterest
The effect lets users view selected products in 3D and place them anywhere within their
home. Shoppers were also given the option to take a screenshot and upload it to social
media for a chance to win the products.
Although the use of AR in online retail is not common yet, the spread of 5G is likely to
accelerate its growth.
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MACHINE LEARNING
IN HEALTH CARE
Integrating artificial intelligence into the medical field can offer plenty of clinical benefits.
Although the sector has seen plenty of innovation, there are still innumerable
opportunities for companies willing to get involved and offer AI solutions. In the UK, for
instance, the head of the National Health Service (NHS) has called on tech firms to come
forward with proposals to help the service become a world leader in the use of artificial
intelligence.
The goal is for the NHS to be the first national health service to use video and online
consultations to digitize outpatient systems and involve AI in the process of interpreting
scans, among some of the uses of the technology.
According to the chief executive of UK Research and Innovation, “You could look at
almost any area of healthcare and see that advanced data science – if I could put it that
way – has an enormous amount to offer. This technology has huge potential right across
the world of healthcare.”
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Given how wide the range of potential AI uses is, narrowing it down to just a few cases is a
tall order. Therefore, the examples we compiled below are just a taste rather than a
definitive list of the ways machine learning can be used in health care.
Little wonder that health care providers around the world have scrambled to take
advantage of deep learning to improve their diagnosis success rates. However, AI
solutions are often poorly integrated with clinical workflows and EHR systems. This is
currently the biggest blocker for implementing AI at scale, and addressing this weakness
has become a priority for healthcare companies.
Treatment recommendation
The effectiveness of a treatment plan depends on a wide range of factors, from previous
medical history to personal lifestyle. Artificial intelligence has been used to combine and
analyze patient data from various sources to determine the best course of treatment.
The ability of AI to process such huge databases and make tailored recommendations is
revolutionizing personalized medicine. The machine learning component increases
accuracy, improves clinical outcomes, and makes medical treatments more affordable.
There are plenty of startups working in the sector, with some of them, such as Cloud
Pharmaceuticals, entering into collaboration with pharma giants.
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Notably, as the number of novel first-in-class drugs coming to the market declines and the
need to modernize the drug discovery process becomes evident, the investment in AI
solutions in drug discovery continues to rise.
Epidemic prevention
The recent outbreaks of communicable diseases, such as the coronavirus, Ebola, and Zika,
have shown that epidemics spread rapidly and place a huge burden on public health
infrastructure. Even though the world is now more interconnected than ever, we’re still
not adequately prepared to detect and counter epidemics.
Artificial intelligence can be used to forecast the spread of infectious diseases and stop
them from turning into epidemics. By collating and analyzing huge and disparate
databases—such as weather, wind speed, flight data, or previous outbreaks—it can
identify outbreak-prone areas, optimize the allocation of resources, and support disease
prevention policies.
Given that 30% of all health care costs are associated with admin tasks, the technology
can provide significant savings by automating some of them. And since health services
globally are chronically underfunded, a demand for these non-clinical yet essential
solutions is bound to remain high.
Artificial intelligence can be applied with success in administrative processes such as
maintaining medical records, transcribing notes, issuing repeat prescriptions, and making
appointments. By providing tools that automate mundane, labor-intensive tasks that have
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more to do with the red tape than providing medical treatment, the technology allows
health care staff to focus on the more urgent job of meeting patient needs.
For instance, the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore has been able to speed up the
process of assigning hospital beds to patients by 30% since it introduced an AI-powered
allocation system. The solution, which combines bed availability and patient clinical data,
helps the hospital foresee demand for beds to avoid bottlenecks. As a result, patient
waiting times have decreased while safety levels and revenue increased.
Smart wearables, such as the Apple Watch, can monitor wearers’ heart rates and alert
them if they detect any irregularities. The gadget, which works in a way similar to the ECG
machine and is precise enough to spot early signs of a heart attack or a stroke, has been
credited with saving countless lives.
Artificial intelligence can also be used in a non-clinical way to reduce patient risk. For
instance, a leading London hospital developed a system that predicts which patients are
most likely to miss appointments based on their previous record. The algorithm not only
helps clinicians provide better care but also saves valuable resources and cuts waiting
times.
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MACHINE LEARNING
IN FINANCE
Although the naturally conservative financial sector has not led the way for adoption of
artificial intelligence, it is gradually opening up to the technology.
Their vast potential in data analysis, optimization, and pattern detection mean that
ML-enabled solutions are rapidly replacing outdated, manual, and time-consuming
practices that until recently were industry standards.
Financial institutions have applied artificial intelligence not only to protect their data from
(increasingly AI-powered) attacks, but also to provide better customer service and
streamline their processes.
Fraud detection
Although fraud is relatively rare, it often means massive losses for organizations that
don’t have adequate safeguards in place. According to experts, online credit card fraud
will amount to $32 billion in 2020.
As fraudsters, including state-sponsored attackers, increasingly turn to machine learning
and other automation techniques, legacy approaches based on rules and predictive
models no longer offer adequate protection from the emerging threats. To keep up with
the escalating sophistication of attacks, defence systems used by financial institutions
have to include artificial intelligence in their arsenal.
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ML-based solutions can be applied to combat all types of fraud, including unauthorized
card transactions, insurance claims, and loan applications. The ML-powered methods
analyze clients’ behavior and shopping habits to create a mechanism that triggers an alert
when it detects an unusual transaction.
Credit scoring
The use of AI-based tools to assess credit worthiness is one of the most common
applications of the technology in the fintech sector. Traditional rule-based methods can
often work to the detriment of both clients and lenders as they focus predominantly on
the potential borrowers’ previous spending history.
Artificial intelligence can make the credit scoring process quicker and more accurate by
taking into account alternative data (such as online behavioral patterns or smartphone
habits) and relationships between variables that are often invisible to conventional
methods.
For financial institutions, the use of AI can mean lower evaluation costs, more
comprehensive reviews, and fewer risks of default. For clients, in particular those with
weak or non-existent formal credit history, the tools can offer an opportunity to access
credit.
Insurance underwriting
In comparison to some other areas of fintech—for instance, fraud detection—the
application of machine learning in insurance underwriting is not yet commonplace.
However, as decision-makers are increasingly warming up to the idea of introducing more
automation to save costs, it’s likely to be used more widely.
A study by Accenture found in 2018 that 75% of surveyed insurers were planning to use
AI to automate tasks to a large or a very large extent in the following three years.
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According to the research, 63% of executives believed that the industry would be
completely transformed by intelligence technologies.
However, machine learning has the potential not only to lead to more efficiencies, but also
to enable insurers to innovate more and grow new lines of business.
Applying the technology in insurance underwriting means more powerful and accurate
prediction models that can analyze just about any type of risk. By being able to rapidly
collect and assemble vast amounts of data, AI models can explore a virtually unlimited
number of factors that would normally be invisible to a human broker.
Even though money laundering is estimated to account for as much as 2–5% of the global
GDP, the efforts to combat the practice have been staggeringly low. There is a real
opportunity for AI to help financial institutions replace inefficient and outdated practices,
contain compliance costs, and respond to the increasing complexity of threats.
For instance, natural language processing can enhance customer due diligence checks.
Unsupervised learning can aid humans in distinguishing between usual banking
transactions and suspicious activity.
Thanks to its ability to consolidate vast amounts of data, AI can also identify fraud
patterns, reduce the number of false positives, and therefore drive efficiency savings.
Portfolio management
The rise of big data means that fund managers have access to more information than ever
before when making decisions about their clients’ wealth. Applying ML models to analyze
the data opens up plenty of previously inaccessible opportunities and, as a result,
enhances the investment process.
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One of the biggest advantages of applying AI in portfolio management is the ability to
conduct detailed market simulations. By analyzing swathes of data, algorithms can exploit
hundreds of different inefficiencies at once, predict investor behavior, and help provide
more targeted results for the client.
Although AI has been slowly making inroads into the field, its spread has been held back
by an overcautious approach towards the technology by asset managers.
In 2017, Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF), the world’s largest
pension fund, contracted Sony to research how it can apply artificial intelligence to
improve its asset manager portfolio monitoring.
The fund’s CIO noted that the decision to venture into AI was borne out of frustration
with the slow adoption of the technology by the financial sector despite the many benefits
it can offer. He noted that the fund “wanted to show the industry that people like GPIF,
such a boring institution, can benefit from AI. We are basically sending a message to the
rest of the industry that they could be doing the same.”
Algorithmic trading
Algorithmic trading, also called automated trading, refers to the use of AI algorithms to
place trades.
The algorithms consist of a set of instructions, such as timing, price, or quantity, which
help it identify a relevant trading opportunity. Once such an opportunity is found, the
software places an order instantly and at the best possible price.
Natural language processing is being used to make sense of the latest developments and
gauge the sentiment of the market by analyzing, for example, social media, RSS feeds,
press releases, and newspaper articles. It helps traders keep up with all these sources,
extract valuable information, and make correct trading decisions in real time.
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MACHINE LEARNING
IN CYBERSECURITY
Its fundamental ability to synthesize data, learn, and adapt can be weaponized to exploit
vulnerabilities and mount highly sophisticated attacks. It can be used to compromise
systems much faster than humans and cause more damage, yet make the attacks virtually
imperceptible.
However, as the technology gradually becomes part of cyberattackers’ toolkits, the very
same capabilities that wreak havoc on organizations’ systems can be harnessed by them
to provide a defensive response. In fact, the only way to combat the menace of adversarial
AI is with even more and even smarter AI.
Since ML-based algorithms can now be used to compromise and wreak havoc on
password-protected security systems on a scale not seen before, the only way to combat
them is with even superior AI solutions. And although there is no need to panic just yet, as
the threats are only beginning to emerge, companies that want to be ahead of the curve
will need to adapt to the changing security landscape.
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Artificial intelligence can protect you from password-guessing attacks by checking
passwords for complexity and suggesting alternatives when necessary. It can also
enhance biometrics in a number of ways, including by providing facial and voice
recognition with more precise authentication models.
By tracking information on how users type, AI can build individual keystroke dynamics
profiles to be used as part of multi-factor authentication.
And yet, according to IBM’s 2019 Cost of a Data Breach Report, it takes businesses an
average of 279 days to identify and contain a breach.
The slow response rate is partly due to the overwhelming amount of malware being
produced on a daily basis. Additionally, its increasingly complex nature makes threat
detection by conventional systems a Herculean task.
To counter the massive growth of threats and nip any malicious activity in the bud, AI can
spot anomalies by analyzing data with much more accuracy than existing IT solutions. The
core of this capability consists of the application of user behavior models. They pick up on
even the subtlest changes in how individual users interact with the IT systems and identify
any red flags early on.
While measures such as increased user education and the use of password managers and
multi-factor authentication play an important role, the only viable solution to combat the
attacks calls for machine learning. Artificial intelligence can offer a platform-wide analysis
of communication patterns, and detect any anomalous activity that often characterizes
the first stages of an attack.
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For instance, Phishing AI is an online tool that uses ML methods, such as computer vision,
to detect precursors of phishing sites before they are used in an attack. It has the ability to
track over 10,000 phishing sites daily, protect end users from visiting them, and alert the
targeted organizations about the planned attacks.
Vulnerability management
According to one report, it takes organizations an average of 38 days to patch up a
vulnerability. Yet, many of them still rely on traditional vulnerability assessments to
identify any areas prone to exploitation, such as outdated software. The assessments
often fail to take into account newer assets, for instance mobile or IoT devices. Typically,
they also lack the capabilities to prioritize risks, leading to an inadequate response.
Given how time-intensive and prone to failure the process is, vulnerability detection and
management stands to benefit enormously from the introduction of AI-powered
solutions. In fact, since this task can require meticulous and tedious sifting through code
line by line, it seems particularly well-suited for automation.
ML can be used, one the one hand, to proactively examine the systems down to a level
unattainable to humans and provide a predictive risk analysis of a large number of attack
vectors.
On the other hand, the technology can, for instance, track hackers’ chat rooms on the dark
web and analyze attack patterns help organizations prepare to repel them. Importantly, it
can also prioritize the threats, helping businesses reduce operational costs.
For instance, a UK company Darktrace has developed a tool called Enterprise Immune
System, which applies AI in a way that emulates how a human body defends itself against
infections.
Unlike traditional methods that come with pre-defined threats, the innovative tool uses
unsupervised machine learning to learn the “patterns of life” of the organization’s each
and every unit, then spot any early signs of deviations that would otherwise go unnoticed.
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FINAL THOUGHTS
The innovative services created with machine learning are already disrupting the markets.
Businesses that want to remain relevant in the fast-changing digital landscape simply
cannot afford to overlook these opportunities.
However, applying the technology is never a matter of just picking an algorithm or copying
solutions used by other companies operating in your industry. To identify the best
possible strategy, it’s crucial to take a holistic approach that takes into account your
overall business objectives and technical capabilities.
We’ve been helping businesses like yours build tailor-made ML solutions to meet their
unique requirements and get a competitive edge.
We don’t stop at creating the perfect AI model for our customers, though. Our services
also come with end-to-end product design and software development.
Feel free to take a look at the full range of our ML services and let us know if we can help
in any way.
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