Department of Education

11 Schools Division of Laguna

Region IV-A CALABARZON
Buenaventua E Fandialan Memorial Integrated National High School

REPRESENTING REAL-
LIFE SITUATIONS USING
FUNCTIONS
(for General Mathematics Senior High School)

Quarter I - Week 1.a

SELF LEARNING KIT

 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit for General Mathematics is designed specifically for Grade 11
students in the Senior High School. Thus, a modest background in grade school mathematics
is important, written in a precise, readable, and conventional manner to facilitate students’
understanding of the subject.

It is aligned with the BEC of the Department of Education following the prescribed
MELCs (Most Essential Learning Competencies.
It has the following features proven to be valuable aids to learning Mathematics even
at home.

What happened?
This section contains pre-activities like review of the prior knowledge and a pretest
on what the learners have learned in their previous discussions.

What I Need to Know? (Discussion)

This section contains definition of terms, different examples of real-life situations as
application of functions. It gives examples and the corresponding situations that clearly
illustrate the applicability of a mathematical concept.

What have I Learned? (Evaluation/Post Test)

The exercises contained in this section are guaranteed to build mathematical
comprehension, skills, and competence. These serve as a diagnostic tool to identify the
learners’ areas of strengths and difficulties.

OBJECTIVES:
K. Identify real-life situations using functions, including piece-
wise functions
S. Represent real-life situations using functions, including
piece-wise functions
A. Appreciate the use of functions to real-life situations
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Represent real-life situations using functions, including piece- wise functions (M11GM-Ia-1).
I. What Happened

PRE-TEST:
Instruction: Read each statement carefully then choose the letter of the best answer. Write
your answer in your notebook.
1. What do we call the elements of x or inputs of functions?
a. Domain b. relation c. range d. none of them
2. What do we call the elements of y or outputs of functions?
a. domain b. relation c. range d. none of them
3. In each relation below, what is the range?

a. {4,5,6} b. {-2,3} c. {-2,4,6} d. none of them

4. Which of the following is not a function?
a. {(0,1 ), (1,2 ), (2,3 ), (3,4 ) } c. {(1,3), (4,2 ), (2,0 ),(3,4 )}
b. {(0,2 ), (1,3 ), (4,3 ), (1,2 )} d. {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2),(4,)}
5. Among the value of x and y, which is independent variable?
a. x variable b. y variable c. x and y variable d. none of them
II. What You Need to Know
DISCUSSION:

What is a function?

Definition of Functions

✓ It is a set of ordered pairs of elements x variable and y variable where the first
element x is not repeating.
✓ It is a set of ordered pairs of elements x and y variables where the second element y
is repeating, or it is called many to one function.
✓ Every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y it is called one to one function.
✓ If every value of x corresponds two or more value of y which is called relation not a
function because function has no element of x is repeating.

Note: All functions are a relation but not all relations are functions.

Functions as representations of real-life situations

Identifying an appropriate function will lead to a better understanding of various
phenomena.
Example 1: Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals if one meal costs
₱40.
Solution: Since each meal cost ₱40, then the cost of function is C(x )= 40x
Example 2: One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area next to
a river (see illustration below). Give a function A that can represent the area that can be
enclose, in terms of x.

Solution: The area of a rectangular enclosure is A= xy. Write this as a function of x. Since
only 100 m of fencing is available, then the steps are as follows.
A. Write the equation x +2y =100
B. Find y?
C. Simplify the equation : x+2y = 100
2y = 100 -x; (transposition method)
y = 50 – 0.5x
 Since the equation A= xy, substitute the value of y = 50- >x to A=xy
A = x(50 - .5x; ( simplify y using distributive property of equality)
A = 50x - .5x²; (interpret A as function A(x))
A = 50x - .5x²

What is Piecewise Function?

A piece-wise function consists of a set of different intervals of x with the value of y. Some situations can
only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value of the independent variable.

Example 1: A user is charge₱300 monthly for a mobile plan, which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages more than 100 are charged ₱1 each. Represent the amount of a
consumer pays each month as a function of the number of messages m sent in a month.
Solution: Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the consumer each month. It can be expressed by
the piece-wise function.

Example 2: A jeepney ride cost ₱8 for the first 4km, and each additional integer kilometer adds ₱1.50
to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in
kilometer.

Solution: The input value is distance, and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare. If f(d) represents
the far as a function of distance, the function can be represented as follows:

III. What Have I Learned

POST TEST:
Read and answer the following problems. Answer in your notebook.
1. A videoke machine can be rented for ₱1000 for three days, but for the fourth day onwards and
additional cost of ₱400 per day is added. Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine as a
piecewise function.
2. The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is ₱700. A guide can only take care of a maximum of 4
persons, and additional guides can be hired as needed. Represent the cost of hiring guides as a
function of the number of tourists who wish to explore the cave.

3. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱150 per head for 20 persons or
less, ₱130 per head for 21 to 50 persons, and ₱110 per head for 51 to 100 persons. For 100 or more
persons, the cost is at ₱100 per head. Represent the total cost as piecewise function of the number
of attendees of the party.

4. A courier company charges ₱100 per package weighing 2kg or less. They charge ₱15 for each
additional kilogram or fraction of a kilogram up to 5 kg. Write a piecewise function that gives the
cost C for shipping a package weighing k kilograms.

5. Elaine is paying ₱799 for an internet service with 3GB monthly data and a connection fee of ₱20
per hour more than the data. Represent her monthly bill as a function of connection time.