THEORY OF STRUCTURES PART 1

HANDOUTS

DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES TRUSS where:

Statically Determinate Externally. Statically Unstable Externally r – total no. of external reactions
If all its support reactions can be
fi – total no. of internal forces
determined by solving the equations 𝑚 + 𝑟 < 2𝑗
of equilibrium. nr - number of rigid members or
portions
Internal Stability. If it maintains Statically Determinate Externally
its shape and remains a rigid body ie – degree of external
when detached from the supports. 𝑚 + 𝑟 = 2𝑗 indeterminacy
BEAMS AND FRAMES m – total no. of members
Statically Unstable Externally Statically Indeterminate Externally
j – total no. of joints
𝑚 + 𝑟 > 2𝑗 PROBLEMS:
𝑟 + 𝑓𝑖 < 3𝑛𝑟

Statically Determinate Externally For indeterminate structure, the

degree of external indeterminacy is
𝑟 + 𝑓𝑖 = 3𝑛𝑟
𝑖𝑒 = (𝑚 + 𝑟) − 2𝑗

Statically Indeterminate Externally

Internal Unstable
𝑟 + 𝑓𝑖 > 3𝑛𝑟
𝑚 < 2𝑗 − 3

For indeterminate structure, the

degree of external indeterminacy is Internal Stable

𝑚 ≥ 2𝑗 − 3
𝑖𝑒 = (𝑟 + 𝑓𝑖 ) − 3𝑛𝑟

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ROBERT V. MANAOIS JR.| PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

 THEORY OF STRUCTURES PART 1
HANDOUTS

PROBLEMS: 1. The vertical deflection at free

end.
Situation 1:
2. The rotation at free end.
For the given beam where EI=200x1011 3. The vertical deflection at
N.mm2 point 1.5 m from free end.
AREA-MOMENT METHOD
Theorem 1:
The change in slope
between any two points is
the area of the M/EI
diagram between these two
Determine the ff. points.
1. The vertical deflection at
Theorem 2:
point C located at midspan.
2. The location of maximum The vertical deviation of
DEFLECTIONS deflection of the beam from a point with respect to
point B. the tangent extended to
DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD 3. The maximum deflection of the another point is equals
beam. to the moment of the area
Slope
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑀 Situation 2: under the M/EI diagram
∫ =∫ between these two points.
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 Assuming EI is constant, calculate
the ff. for the given beam.
Deflection

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑀
∬ = ∬
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ROBERT V. MANAOIS JR.| PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

 THEORY OF STRUCTURES PART 1
HANDOUTS

Situation 1: 1. Determine the displacement at

free end.
For the beam shown in the figure,
2. Determine the rotation at
Modulus of Elasticity E = 200 GPa,
roller support
I1 = 100 x 106 mm4 and I2 = 50 x 106
3. Determine the rotation at pin
mm4:
support
CONJUGATE METHOD
Theorem 1

The slope at a point in

the real beam is
numerically equal to the
1. Determine the vertical shear at the
deviation of the tangent at A corresponding point in
with respect with respect to the conjugate beam.
the tangent at B.
2. Determine the slope at point A. Theorem 2
3. Determine the vertical
The displacement of a
deflection at mid span.
point in the real beam is
Situation 2: numerically equal to the
moment at the
For the figure shown,
𝛳𝐴 𝐵 𝛳𝐵 𝐴 𝑡 corresponding point in
𝑡𝐴 / / 𝐵 /𝐴 the conjugate beam.
/𝐵
tan 𝐵 tan 𝐴

PROBLEMS:

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ROBERT V. MANAOIS JR.| PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

 THEORY OF STRUCTURES PART 1
HANDOUTS

PROBLEMS:
Situation 1:
The beam shown in the figure is
subjected to a 5 kN.m clockwise
moment at the right most end. (EI Deflection:
is constant) 1

Rotation:
1. Determine the slope just to the
1
left of the internal hinge.
2. Determine the slope just to the
right of the internal hinge.
3. Determine the vertical
deflection at the free end.
where:
VIRTUAL WORK METHOD
Mv – virtual moment equation in terms
BEAMS AND FRAMES of x
M – real moment equation in terms of x
E – modulus of elasticity
I – moment of inertia of cross-section
of the beam
∆ - deflection

𝛳 – rotation
PREPARED BY: ENGR. ROBERT V. MANAOIS JR.| PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN
 THEORY OF STRUCTURES PART 1
HANDOUTS

PROBLEMS: PROBLEMS:
Situation 1: Determine the Situation 1:
deflection at point D of the beam
Determine the horizontal
shown.
deflection at point C.

TRUSS

Situation 2:
Use the virtual work method to
determine the horizontal
where:
deflection and rotation of joint D Fv – virtual force acting on member
of the frame shown. F – real force acting on member
L – length of the member
E – modulus of elasticity
A – cross-section area of the
member
∆ - deflection

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ROBERT V. MANAOIS JR.| PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

 THEORY OF STRUCTURES PART 1
HANDOUTS

Situation 2:
Determine the horizontal deflection
at joint G of the truss shown.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. ROBERT V. MANAOIS JR.| PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN