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Indices Laws Revision

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Marisa Vetter
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151 views

Indices Laws Revision

Uploaded by

Marisa Vetter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indices

Multiplying indices we add the powers; Dividing indices we subtract the


powers…

+ 3+4=7 + 7+1=8
3 4 7 7 8
e.g. 5  5 = 5 e.g. x  x = x

..”1”..

- 9–4=5 3×2=6

e.g. y9  y4 = y5 e.g. (x3)2 = x3 × x3 = x6

Brackets –

Base numbers ‘2’


and ‘3’ are different

Note: 23 × 32 ≠ 65 … nor does it equal … 26; 36; 56 and even 55.


These are all wrong and have to be done separately … 23 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8;
32 = 3 × 3 = 9 … 8 × 9 = 72

Exercise 1: write the following as a single power:

×/+… multiplying means add the powers

1. 75  72 2. 23  24 3. 85 × 82 4. 92 × 9

5. 124 × 123 6. 10 × 102 × 103 7. 35 × 3-2 8. 57 × 5-3

9. 8-3 × 89 10. 6-2 × 6-2 11. 23× 24 × 2-5 12. 3-1 × 34 × 35

13. x4 × x2 14. x3 × x5 15. y7 × y1 16. y7 × y

17. y3 × y2 × y 18. t × t2 × t3 19. a4 × a2 × a3 20. b4 × b4 × b4

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Indices

Exercise 2: write the following as a single power:

/- … dividing means subtract powers

1. 85  82 2. 78  74 3. 47  43 4. 38  3

5 3 10 6 46 69
5. 13  13 6. 7. 8.
10 2 43 63

9. 82  87 10. 23  28 11. 62  6-3 12. 34  3-5

13. x7 ÷ x2 14. x8 ÷ x5 15. y6 ÷ y4 16. y5 ÷ y

𝑥5 𝑥 11 𝑥3 𝑦5
17. 18. 19. 20.
𝑥2 𝑥7 𝑥5 𝑦8

Exercise 3: write the following as a single power:

( )/×... brackets means multiply powers

1. (23)2 2. (74)2 3. (57)3 4. (68)2

5. (145)4 6. (95)3 7. (3-2)4 8. (45)-2

9. (10-3)2 10. (10-3)-2 11. (a3)2 12. (b4)2

13. (c7)3 14. (d8)2 15. (e5)4 16. (x6)3

17. (x-2)4 18. (x-5)2 19. (x6)-2 20. (x-3)-2

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Indices

Exercise 4: write the following as a single power:

×/+ /- ( )/×...

1. 95  96 2. 28  2 3. (85)3 4. (92)4

5. 3  34 6. (8-2)3 7. 611 × 6-3 × 6-4 8. 3-2 × 3-2 × 3-2

(43 )4 2 4
9. 10. 23× 24 × 2-5 11. ( ) 12. (0.2)3
47 3

Expressions can be written algebraically and numerically but still use


the same rules, except we deal with the big numbers normally.

× 6 × 4 = 24 × 3 × 7 = 21
e.g. 6x7 × 4x3 = 24x10; e.g. 3y5 × 7y-2 = 21y3

‘7’ + ‘3’ = ‘10’ ‘5’ + ‘-2’ = ‘3’

Exercise 5: simplify the following as above:

… multiply (×) the big numbers, add (+) the powers …

1. 2𝑥 5  3𝑥 6 2. 5𝑥 8  2𝑥 3 3. 27𝑥 2  3𝑥 5 4. 8𝑥  4𝑥 5

5. 4𝑦 3  3𝑦 2 6. 47𝑦 5  4𝑦 3 7. 8y  5𝑦 7 8. 2𝑦 3  2𝑦 3  2𝑦 3

9. 3y4 × 4y2 × 2y 10. 2t × 3t4 × 5t2 11. 2c2 × 3c4 × 2c3 12. 3s4 × 8s3

13. 2t × 3t4 × 5t-2 14. 4c2 × 3c5 × 2c-4 15. ½s4 × 8s3 16.2r-3 × 2r-3 × 2r-3

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Indices

÷ 12 ÷ 4 =3 8÷2=4
e.g. 12x7 ÷ 4x5 = 3x2 𝟖𝑥 5
e.g. = 4x2
𝟐𝑥 3
‘7’ - ‘5’ =
‘5’ - ‘3’ = ‘2’

Exercise 6: simplify the following as above:

… divide (÷) the big numbers, subtract (-) the powers …

1. 6x5  3x2 2. 9y8  3y3 3. 12m7  3m5 4. 8x5  4x


6𝑑 7
5. 15y3  3y2 6. 8y2  4y2 7. 14y4  2y3 8.
2𝑑 3
8𝑓9 6𝑚3 8𝑑 3 4𝑓5
9. 10. 11. 12.
2𝑓7 2𝑚 4𝑑 2𝑓7

When there is a mixture of sums in a fraction, work out the answer on


the top and the bottom, then divide the final answers:

4𝑥 3 ×3𝑥 5 12𝑥 8
e.g. 3x5y2 × 4x2y = 12x7y3 e.g. = = 2x6;
6𝑥 2 6𝑥 2

Exercise 7: simplify the following:

3𝑥 7 ×4𝑥 2 6𝑥 3 ×2𝑥 5 3𝑥 2 ×6𝑥 7 9𝑥 5 ×2𝑥 3


1. 2. 3. 4.
6𝑥 3 3𝑥 4 9𝑥 5 6𝑥 4
8𝑥 3 ×3𝑥 5 9𝑥 3 ×4𝑥 5
5. 6. 7. 4x2y3 × 3x3y5 8. 7x4y2 × 5x2y5
12𝑥 6 6𝑥 4

9. 2xy3 × 9x3y

10. Are these statements ‘true’ or ‘false’ – can you explain?

2 2 3 5 2 5 210
(i) 6 = 12 (ii) 3 + 3 = 3 (iii) 5 > 2 (iv) 5  1 (v) (2x3)4 = 2x7
4

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Indices

Answers:

Exercise 1

1. 77 2. 27 3. 87 4. 93 5. 127 6. 106
7. 33 8. 54 9. 86 10. 6-4 11. 22 12. 38
13. x6 14. x8 15. y8 16. y8 17. y6 18. t6
19. a9 20. b12

Exercise 2

1. 83 2. 74. 3. 44 4. 37 5. 132 6. 104;


7. 43 8. 66 9. 8-5 10. 2-5 11. 65 12. 39
13. x5 14. x3 15. y2 16. y4 17. x3 18. x4
19. x-2 20. y-3.

Exercise 3

1. 26 2. 78 3. 521 4. 616 5. 1420 6. 915


7. 3-8 8. 4-10 9. 10-6 10. 106 11. a6 12. b8
13. c21 14. d16 15. e20 16. x18 17. x-8 18. x-10
19. x-12 20. x6

Exercise 4

1. 911 2. 27 3. 815 4. 98 5. 3-3 6. 8-6;


7. 64 8. 3-6 9. 45; 10. 22 16
11. 81 12. 0.008

Exercise 5

1. 6x11 2. 10x11 3. 21x7 4. 32x6 5. 12y5 6. 28y8


7. 40y8 8. 8y9 9. 24y7 10. 30t7 11. 12c9 12. 24s7
13. 30t3 14. 24c3 15. 4s7 16. 8r-9

Exercise 6

1. 2x3 2. 3y5 3. 4m2 4. 2x4 5. 5y 6. 2


7. 7y 8. 3d4 9. 4f2 10. 3m2 11. 2d2 12. 2f-2

Exercise 7

1. 2x6 2. 4x4 3. 2x4 4. 3x4 5. 2x2 6. 6x2


7. 12x5y8 8. 35x6y7 9. 18x4y4

10. (i) F 62 = 36 (ii) F 9 + 27= 36 (iii) F 52 = 25,25 = 32

(iv)True; (v)F (2x3)4 = 16x12.

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2018 29744 Page 5 of 5

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