SOP for Weld Visual Doc No.

: JNKI/SOP/010
Date:19.11.2022
Examination Revision: 00
Pages: 08 Pages

JNK INDIA PVT. LTD.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR WELD

VISUAL EXAMINATION FOR JNK INDIA PVT. LTD.

00 22.11.2022 Initial Issue DK AG/SS AB

Revision Date Description Prepared By Checked by Approved By

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 SOP for Weld Visual Doc No.: JNKI/SOP/010
Date:19.11.2022
Examination Revision: 00
Pages: 08 Pages

S.No CONTENTS

1. Scope

2. Applicable Documents

3. Safety Precautions

4. Personnel

5. General Requirements

6. Test conditions and equipment

7. Datum Points

8. Identification

9. Surface Preparation

10. Test Method: Visual examination

11. Classification of Indications

12. Acceptance / Rejection Criteria

13. Reporting

14. Non-Conformance

A1. Appendix A VT Sample Report Format

Introduction

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 SOP for Weld Visual Doc No.: JNKI/SOP/010
Date:19.11.2022
Examination Revision: 00
Pages: 08 Pages

a. The purpose of this procedure is to establish the requirements to be followed, at the visual
examination of fusion welds and base metal in metallic materials and in compile with BS EN
ISO 17637-2016.
b. This procedure is applied at visual examination of fusion welds in metallic materials, during
joint preparation, during welding, on the finished welds and on the repaired welds and how
these are recorded, in order to ensure full compliance with the relevant approved welding
procedures, codes and specifications.
c. Extent, locations / areas and stage of examination shall be followed as per client and project
specification/ITP.
d. Acceptance or rejection of indications observed during visual inspection shall be based on
the project specification requirements or applicable Codes & Standards (BS EN ISO
5817:2014).

Applicable Document
The following documents shall form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless
a specific issue is specified, the latest revision shall apply.

a. BS EN ISO 17637-2016: Non-destructive testing of weld visual testing of fusion welded joints
b. BS EN ISO 5817:2014 – Welding – Fusion welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their
alloys (beam welding excluded) – Quality levels for imperfections.
c. ISO 9712, 2012 edition: Non-destructive testing. Qualification and certification of NDT
personnel.
d. Project Specification

Safety Precaution
a. It is necessary for all personnel engaged in visual testing to be aware of and to observe the
requirements of the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974.
b. Suitable precautions to prevent hazards shall be taken. A full risk assessment of the
immediate location is to be carried out by the operator prior to commencement of
inspection activities. All equipment, PPE and materials shall be used as required, and in
accordance with the supplier’s instructions.

Personnel
a. All magnetic particle testing personnel shall be certified as a minimum to BS EN ISO 9712
Level 2 VT. SNT-TC-1A may be accepted if the NDT company's written practice is reviewed
and accepted.
b. All personnel shall be capable of meeting the eyesight near vision requirements, which is a
minimum of Jaeger Number 1 at a distance not less than 12 inches (30.25cm) with one or
both eyes, either corrected or uncorrected and verified color vision acuity in accordance
with Ishihara charts.

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 SOP for Weld Visual Doc No.: JNKI/SOP/010
Date:19.11.2022
Examination Revision: 00
Pages: 08 Pages

Responsibilities
a. QC Inspector and / or NDT operators, are responsible for performing visual examination of
welding seams in accordance with the requirements of this procedure.
b. Execution Engineer will be responsible for intimating and planning visual examination by
NDT personal, and correcting the visual defects as per observation.

Test Condition and Equipment

a. The illuminance at the surface shall be a minimum of 350 lx. However, 500 lx is
recommended.
b. For direct inspection, the access shall be sufficient to place the eye within 600 mm (24
inches) of the surface to be examined and at an angle not less than 30 0 (see Figure 1).

c. When the access for testing in accordance with Figure 1 is not possible, or when is specified
by an application standard, shall be considered remote inspection using mirrors, borescopes,
fiber optic cables, or cameras.
d. If necessary, an additional light source can be used to increase the contrast and relief
between imperfections and background.
e. Aids to visual inspection should be used whenever practicable to facilitate the assessment of
imperfections or the examination of welds not directly visible. These aids may be in various
forms depending on the type and location of the weld being examined. For local
examination of a weld that is directly visible to the eye, a small hand lens used in
conjunction with a pen torch, while varying the direction of the light is usually very revealing.
f. Where the result of visual testing is inconclusive, the visual test should be supplemented by
other nondestructive testing methods for surface inspections.
g. Examples of testing equipment:
• Straight edge or measuring tape with a graduation of 1 mm or finer.
• Vernier caliper.
• Feeler gauge with a sufficient number of feelers to measure dimensions between 0.1 mm
and 3 mm in steps of 0.1 mm at most.
• Radius gauge.
• Hand held magnifying lens with a magnification 2x to 5x.
• Lamps.

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 SOP for Weld Visual Doc No.: JNKI/SOP/010
Date:19.11.2022
Examination Revision: 00
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• Profile measuring device with a wire diameter or width < 1 mm, where each wire end is
rounded.
• Mirrors, endoscopes, borescopes, fiber optics and tv-cameras.
• Specifically designed welding gauges, height/depth gauges, rulers or protractors.

Datum Points
Any items showing indications regarded as reportable shall be indelibly marked with a datum point
(or points) in a manner which allows accurate re-location.

Surface Preparation
The area to be tested shall be free from any dirt, grease, oil, rust and loose scale or other
contaminants that could affect the results of any examination. When testing of welds is required, the
surface and all adjacent areas within 25 mm shall be prepared for visual inspection.

Test Method: Visual examination

a. The examiner shall have access to the necessary inspection and required production
documentation. Any visual testing prior to, during and after completion of the weld should
be carried out while physical access is still possible. This may include the visual testing of
surface treatments.
b. Visual examination of joint preparation

When visual testing is required prior to welding, the joint shall be examined to check that:

1. The shape and the dimensions of the weld preparation meet the requirements of the
welding procedure specifications;
2. The fusion faces and adjacent surfaces are clean and any required surface treatment has
been carried out in accordance with the application or product standard;
3. The parts to be welded are correctly fixed in relation to each other according to
drawings and instructions;
c. Visual examination during welding

When required, the weld shall be tested during the welding process to check that:
1. Each run or layer of weld metal is cleaned before it is covered by a further run, particular
attention being paid to the junctions between the weld metal and the fusion face;
2. There are no visible imperfections, ex. cracks or cavities; if imperfections are observed,
they shall be reported so that the remedial actions to be taken before the deposition of
further weld metal;
3. The transition between the runs and between the weld and the parent metal is so
formed that satisfactory melting can be accomplished when welding the next run;

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 SOP for Weld Visual Doc No.: JNKI/SOP/010
Date:19.11.2022
Examination Revision: 00
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4. The depth and shape of gouging is in accordance with the WPS or compared with the
original groove shape in order to assure complete removal of the weld metal a specified;
5. After any necessary repairs/remedial actions, the weld conforms to the original
requirements of the WPS.

d. Visual examination of the finished weld

1. General
The finished weld shall be examined to determine whether it meets the requirements of
the application or product standard or other agreed acceptance criteria, ex. ISO 5817. In
accordance with the requirements established by contractual documents, the quality
levels according to ISO 5817 are B, C, and D. Finished welds shall be at least examined in
accordance with the requirements from para. 10.4. (2), (3), (4), (5).
2. Cleaning and dressing
The weld shall be examined to check that:
• All slag has been removed by manual or mechanical means in order to avoid
imperfections being obscured.
• There are no tool impressions or blow marks.
• When weld dressing is required, overheating of the joint due to grinding is avoided and
that grinding marks and an uneven finish are also avoided.
• For fillet welds and butt welds to be dressed flush, the joint merges smoothly with the
parent metal, without under flushing.
• If imperfections are observed, they shall be reported so that remedial actions can be
taken.
3. Profile and dimensions
The weld shall be examined to check that:
• The profile of the weld face and the height of any excess weld metal meet the
requirements of acceptance standard (BS EN ISO 5817 latest edition).
• The surface of the weld is regular: the pattern and the pitch of weave marks present
an even and satisfactory visual appearance, the distance between the last layer and the
parent metal or the position of runs has been measured where required by the WPS;
• The weld width is consistent over the whole of the joint and that it meets the
requirements given in the weld drawing or acceptance standard (BS EN ISO 5817); in the
case of the butt welds, the weld preparation shall be checked to ensure that it has been
completely filled.
4. Weld root and surfaces
The visually accessible part of the weld, for example the weld root for a single-sided butt
weld and the weld surfaces, shall be examined for deviations from the acceptance
standard.
The weld shall be examined to check that:
• In the case of single-sided butt welds, the penetration, root concavity and any burn-
through or shrinkage grooves are within the limits specified in the acceptance standard
over the whole of the joint;
• Any undercut is within the requirements of the acceptance standard;

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 SOP for Weld Visual Doc No.: JNKI/SOP/010
Date:19.11.2022
Examination Revision: 00
Pages: 08 Pages

• Any imperfections such as crack or porosity, detected using optical aids, when
necessary, in the weld surface or heat affected zones comply with the appropriate
acceptance criteria;
• Any attachments temporarily welded to the object to facilitate production or assembly
and which are prejudicial to the function of the object or the ability to examine it are
removed so that the object is not damaged; the area where the attachment was fixed
shall be checked to ensure freedom of cracks.
5. Post-weld heat treatment
• After performing of post-weld heat treatment, further visual examination may be
required.

e. Visual examination of repaired welds

1. General
When weld fail to comply wholly or in part with the acceptance criteria and repair is
necessary, the welded joint shall be examined prior to re-welding. Every repaired weld shall
be re-examined to the same requirements as the original weld.
2. Partially removed weld
The excavation shall be sufficiently deep and long to remove all imperfections. The
excavations shall be tapered from the base of the cut to the surface of the weld metal at the
both ends and sides of the cut. The width and profile of the cut shall be such that there is
adequate access for re-welding.
3. Completely removed weld
When a defective weld has been completely removed, with or without the need for a new
section to be inserted, the shape and dimensions of the weld preparation shall meet the
specified requirements for the original weld.

Acceptance / Rejection Criteria

Table -1 of ISO 5817: 2014

Execution Class Acceptance Standard

EXC 1 Quality Level D
EXC 2 Quality Level C
EXC 3 Quality Level B
Production Weld / WQT Quality Level B

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Date:19.11.2022
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Doc No.
SOP for Welder
Date: 18.11.2022
Continuity Revision: 00

Introduction:
This procedure defines the requirement and process to re-certify welders in required procedure and
position as per ISO requirements, to ensure that the welds produced by the welders are of high
quality and free from defects.

Responsibility
Responsible Welding Co-ordinator will be responsible for the maintaining the record, of each
welder and conducting the required test for checking working quality of any given welder. He will
also be responsible for indicating the NDT co-ordinator and Execution engineer regarding the end of
serviceability period for a welder and required test to be conducted.

NDT Co-ordinator will be responsible for conducting and evaluation all the required NDTs for the
revalidation of welder for continuity and prolonging the service time.

Execution Engineer will be responsible for making sure all welders are proper certification to
conduct and perform the required welding.

Service Period
After Qualification of a welder in a WPS & position, for regular performing welder’s re-validation
using on job production weld test will be required after 6 Months of continuous service.

For welders taking break from service

i. Retest for the welders with discontinuity of more than 6 months

ii. Re-validation with 900mm or 3 Nos of production weld to be used for welders with
discontinuity less than 6 Months.

Note: Type of NDT to be performed for re-validation will be finalized by the RWC.

Revalidation/Prolongation Procedure
1. As per Welder continuity record and welder qualification date, the date for revalidation will

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Report

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