Chapter 6 Op Amp
Chapter 6 Op Amp
OFFSET DIP-741
NULL
1 8 N.C.
-IN 2 7 V+
+IN 3 + 6 OUTPUT
OFFSET
V 4 5 NULL
* Op amp itself does not have a reference or ground pin. The ground
of the external sources is taken as a Amplifier
Operational common ground. 2
• Dual Op-amp Diagram with Symbol inside
OUTPUT A 1 8 V+
-IN A 2 7 OUTPUT B
+
+IN A 3 6 -IN B
V 4 + 5 +IN B
Current Mirrors
Ideal Vs Practical Op-Amp(We can model an Op-amp as VCVS)
Characteristics Ideal Practical
Open Loop gain a 105
Bandwidth BW 10-100Hz
Input Impedance Zin >1M
Output Impedance Zout 0 10-100
+15V
2
- 7
6
3
+ 4
-15V
Modeling The Practical Op Amp(We can model an Op-amp as VCVS)
• The op amp is designed to sense the difference between the voltage
signals applied to the two input terminals and then multiply it by a
gain factor a200000 such that the voltage at the output terminal is
a(v+-v-). The voltage gain a is very large (Ideally infinite). The gain a is
often referred to as the differential gain or open-loop gain.
v+
Non-inverting input +
Ro vo
Rin
+
-
Inverting input v- - a(v+ -v- )
• Now ivs 0 2
-
• because no current will not flow into the buffer 6
Hence by KVL in down loop
vL vs Rs 0 vs vL vs Rs=1k VI3
+ +
Now as per equation + RL=2K VL
lim A 1V / V vs ivs 0 -
a
(Gain=1,Difference is v1)
We get v 1v or v vS 9V
L I L
1
considering Rs and R1 in series the total input resistance is Rs+R1
R v R2 R2 120
A 2 O vO vs 2 3 2 6V
R1 vS RS R1 RS R1 10 30
• To find the amount of input VI
Virtual
Ground
R1 0V R2
loading we find Rs and R1
Rs=10k 30k 120k
forms the voltage divider so vs=2V 2
-
+
6 +
R1 30 vo
vI vs 2 0.75 2 1.5V 3
+
RS R1 10 30 -