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ch1 No System

Number system

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71 views

ch1 No System

Number system

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Hamza
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Number systems 12. NUMBER SYSTEMS (Chapter 1) ROMAN NUMERALS Like the Greeks, the Romans used a number for five. The first four numbers could be represented by the fingers on one hand, so the V formed by the thumb and forefinger of an open hand represented 5. Two Vs joined together ¥ became two lots of 5, so ten was represented by X. C represented one hundred, and half a & or L became 50. One thousand was represented by an/\\. With a little imagination you should see that an (\(\ split in half and tumed on its side became > , so D became half a thousand or 500. NUMBER SYSTEMS (Chapter 1) 13. 2 3 4 5 6 T 8 9 10 um om wioveove vr var mw x 2 8630 40507 80 90 100 500 1000 XX XXX XL L LX LXX LXXx xC C D M Unlike the Egyptian system, numbers written in the Roman system had to be written in order. For example: IV stands for 1 before 55 oor 4 whereas VI stands for 1 after5 or 6. XC stands for 10 before 100 or 90 whereas CX stands for 10 after 100 or 110. There were rules for the order in which symbols could be used: © T-could only appear before V or X. © X could only appear before L or C. © C could only appear before D or M. One less than a thousand was therefore not written as IM but as CMXCIX. Larger numerals were formed by placing a stroke above the symbol. This made the number 1000 times as large. 5000 10000 50000 100000 500.000 1000000 Vv x L Cc D M EXERCISE 1A.3 1 What numbers are represented by the following symbols? a VII b xIV ¢ XVI d XXxI e Cx f LXXXI 3 CXXV h CCXVI i LX i MCLVI & DIDcv 1 DCCXX =m CDXIX n DEVDI =o MMCCT 2 Write the following numbers in Roman numerals: ais b 34 ¢ 279 d 902 e 1046 f 2551 3 a Which Roman numeral less than one hundred is written using the greatest number of symbols? ‘What is the highest Roman numeral between M and MM which uses the least number of symbols’ ¢ Write the year 1999 using Roman symbols. 4 Use Roman numerals to answer the following questions. a Each week Octavius sharpens CCCLIV swords for his general, How many will he need to sharpen if \ the general doubles his order? What would it cost Claudius to finish his courtyard if he needs to pay for CL pavers at VIII denarii each and labour costs XCIV denarii? 14 NUMBER SYSTEMS _(Chapter The number system we will use throughout this course was developed in India 2000 years ago. It was introduced to European nations by Arab traders about 1000 years ago. The system was thus called the Hindu-Arabic system. The marks we use to represent numbers are called numerals. They are made up using the symbols 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0, which are known as digits. ordinal number one wo three four ‘five six seven eight nine weorarve OTE EG 2 7YL789 mdrnomra 1 2 38 4 5 6 7 8 Q9 The digits 3 and 8 are used to form the numeral 38 for the number ‘thirty eight” and the numeral 83 for the number ‘eighty three’. The numbers we use for counting are called natural numbers or sometimes just counting numbers. The possible combination of natural numbers is endless. There is no largest natural number, so we say the set of all natural numbers is infinite. the set of If we include the number zero or 0, then our set now has a new name, which is whole numbers, The Hindu-Arabie system is more usefull and more efficient than the systems used by the Egyptians, Romans, and Mayans. © It uses only 10 digits to construct all the natural numbers. © It uses the digit 0 or zero to show an empty place value. © It has a place value system where digits represent different numbers when placed in different place value columns. Each digit in a number has a place value, For example: in 567942 ten thousands >| hundreds number once. There is only one way in which all of the numbers will fit. Draw or click on the icon to print these grids then insert the given numbers, Search 1: 2 digits 6 digits 8 digits 89,92,56 949875 62658397 3 digits 7 digits 79408 632 183 Sega vei sapi7ag SS? 4 digits 6709493 81947368 6680 t 7264331 5 digits 4387096 69235 3872095 Search 2: © seven hundred and nine © five hundred and eighty six sixty thousand, two hundred and eighty four seven hundred and ninety three thousand and forty two four hundred and forty nine thousand, seven hundred and sixty eight three million eight hundred and two thousand, seven hundred and forty eight two million six hundred and eighty three thousand, one hundred and forty eight seventy million, two hundred and cighty three thousand, six hundred and forty two © nineteen million, three hundred and eighty four thousand, and three © five hundred and eighty three million, seventy nine thousand, six hundred and forty six three hundred and forty five million, six hundred and ninety seven thousand and fifty one 20 _ NUMBER SYSTEMS (Chapicr 1) Did you know? The milk from 1000000 litre cartons would fill a 50 1 metre. metre long by 20 metre wide pool to a depth of KEY WORDS USED IN THIS CHAPTER Ancient Greek system © billion © Chinese-Japanese system counting number © digit © Egyptian system Hindu-Arabic system © infinite © Mayan system million © natural number © number system numeral place value © Roman numeral tally trillion e whole number baa 3 Give the numbers represented by the Roman numerals: a XVIII b LXXIX 4. Write the year 2012 using Roman numerals. 7 Give the number represented by the digit 4 in: a 3409 41076 8 What is the place value of the 8 in the following numbers? a 3894 b 856042 9 Use the digits 8, 0, 4, 1, 7 to make the largest number you can. 0 Write these numbers in ascending order (smallest first): 569207, 96572, 652097, 795602, 79562 1 Express 2x 1000+4 x 100+9x10+7x1_ in simplest form. 2 Write seventeen thousand three hundred and four in numeral form. NUMBER SYSTEMS (Chapter 1) 21 13 Write the value of each digit in the number 4532681. 14 The total area of Canada is approximately nine million, nine hundred and eighty four thousand, seven hundred square kilometres. Write this number using numerals. Pa 3 Which Roman numeral between 100 and 200 uses the greatest number of symbols? 5 What number is represented by the digit 7 in the following? a 3174 b 207409 6 What is the largest 6 digit number you can write using each of the digits 0, 5 and 8 twice? 7 Write in descending order (largest first): 680969, 608699, 6080699, 698096, 968099 8 Write the following numbers in expanded form: a 2159 & 306428 9 What number is: a five more than eighteen b nine less than one thousand? 10 Write the value of each digit in the number 37405922 11 The average person will travel five million, eight hundred and ninety thousand kilometres in a lifetime. Write this number using numerals. 12 Consider the number 2000000000. @ Write this number in words, b Copy and complete: 2000000000 is... 1st 2nd \ 13° The number 2552667 contains two 2s, two 5s and two 6s. Le ist 2nd How many times larger is the first 2 compared with the second 2? lots of one million, b How many times smaller is the second 5 compared with the first 5? € Which of the 6s represents a larger number? By how much is it larger than the other 6? 452__ ANSWERS 1 Tas bli cl6 dSl e1l0 fl g 125 fh 216 i 62 j 1156 k 550605 1720 m 419 555501 © 2300000 2 a XVI © & XXXIV CCLXXIX q@ CM =e MXLV|_—f MMDLI a 88 =LXXXVI 6 1500=MD «© MCMXCIX @ DCCYII swords & MCCXCIV dena OR 1 28 b 80 © 8 d 800 e 80 fF 8000 g 800 8000 18 j 80000 & 000 1 80000 8 thousands, 5 ten thousands, 8 tens ‘S thousands, 5 hundreds, 8 tens Stunts, 5 ten thousands, 8 tens ‘Shundreds, 5 thousands, 8 hundred thousands 864 b 974210 « 907722 345, 354, 435, 453, 534, 543 (6 numbers) 8,16, 19, 54, 57, 75 6, 60, 600, 606, 660 1008, 1080, 1800, 1808, 1880 40561, 45061, 46051, 46501, 46510 207 653, 227 635, 296 705, 265 703, 1545922, 554.922, 594522, 595 242 631, 613, 361, 316, 163, 196 9877, 9787, 8977, 8779, 7987, 7897, 7789 498321, 498231, 492813, 428931, 428391 675034, 673.540, 607 543, 576.304, 563074 86 b 674 ¢ 9638 d 50240 © 27003 73208 g 500375 h 809302 9x 10047% 10+5%1 b& 6x 10048%10 3x 100048 x 10047 % 10-44% 1 9x 1000+ 8x 10-+3%1 5 x 10000 +6 x 1000 +7 x 100-44 x10-+2%1 7x 1000045 x 1000-47 x1 6 x 100000 +8 x 100-42 x 104+9x1 b » 4 a a ee es 27 b 8D € GIS d 1016 © 8200 f 19538 75403 h 602818 Tb 13 € 21 d 200 © 4007 f 9907 400004 209028 1000 times larger 1000 times smaller ‘The d which is left of the second 7. 100 times larger. 10 OR 1 280 b 50000000 ¢ 600 d 400000 e 70000 12 22 3000000, 600000, 40000, #000, 500, 90, 7 '& 30000000, 4.000000, 8000000, 60000, 5000, 200, 70, 1 2 37000000 & 200000000, 17000000 € 150000000 d_$111240463.10 e 21240657 415000000 Phuto Sa i Asia if Aftica, Asia, North America Anturetca, Australia AVN ST A 3218 679 4 MAXI 7 a 400 & 40000 @ 2 800 & 800000 9 aT4I0 10 79562, 96572, 569207, 652007, 795602 11 2497 12 17304 13, 4000000, 500000, 300000, 2000, 600, 80, 1 14 9934700 square kilometes 3x 100000++510 000-4 1000-+7%100++1x104+8x1 9, 1048576 bytes 4 Mercury, Venus, Fant, Mars, Jupiter, Satum, Uranus, Neptune, 3 CLXXXVIIL 5 a 70 b 7000 6 885500 7 6080699, 968 099, 698096, 680 969, 608 699 8 a 2x 10004+1x 1004+5x104+9x1 b 3x 100000 +6 x 1000+ 4x 1004+2x10+4+8 x1 9 a 23 b 991 10 30.000, 7000000, 400.000, 5000, 900, 20, 2 11: 5890000km 12 a 2billion 6 2000 13° a 1000 times 6 10 times €¢ the first 6; 10 times ANSWERS 453

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