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▪ Introduction
➢ What is Cloud Computing?
▪ Characteristics of Cloud Computing
▪ Advantages of Cloud Computing
▪ Cloud service models
➢Software as a Service SaaS
➢Platform as a Service PaaS
➢Infrastructure as a Service IaaS
▪ Cloud implementation types
▪ Conclusion
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What is Cloud Computing?
“Cloud computing is a style of computing where
massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided
as a service across the Internet to multiple external
customers”

“Cloud computing: A pool of abstracted, highly

scalable, and managed infrastructure capable of
hosting end-customer applications and billed by
consumption”

“Cloud computing is Web-based processing,

whereby shared resources, software, and
information are provided to computers and other
devices (such as smartphones) on demand over
the Internet.”

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 Why we need Cloud?
• Alignment with the needs of the business / user /
non-computer specialists / community and
society
• Need to address the scalability issue: large scale
data, high performance computing, automation,
response time, rapid prototyping, and rapid time
to production
• Transform data from diverse sources into
intelligence and deliver intelligence to right
people/user/systems
• What about providing all this in a cost-effective
manner?

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What is Cloud Computing?

CloudComputing

Computing and software resources that

are delivered on demand, as service..
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What is Cloud Computing?

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Evolution

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Evolution

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 Evolution
Distributed Systems:
It is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them are depicted as a
single entity to the users. The purpose of distributed systems is to share resources and
also use them effectively and efficiently. Distributed systems possess characteristics such
as scalability, concurrency, continuous availability, heterogeneity, and independence in
failures. But the main problem with this system was that all the systems were required
to be present at the same geographical location. Thus to solve this problem, distributed
computing led to three more types of computing and they were-Mainframe computing,
cluster computing, and grid computing.

Mainframe computing:
Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful and reliable
computing machines. These are responsible for handling large data such as massive
input-output operations. Even today these are used for bulk processing tasks such as
online transactions etc. These systems have almost no downtime with high fault
tolerance. After distributed computing, these increased the processing capabilities of the
system. But these were very expensive. To reduce this cost, cluster computing came as
an alternative to mainframe technology. 11
 Evolution
Cluster computing:
In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe computing. Each
machine in the cluster was connected to each other by a network with high
bandwidth. These were way cheaper than those mainframe systems. These were
equally capable of high computations. Also, new nodes could easily be added to the
cluster if it was required. Thus, the problem of the cost was solved to some extent
but the problem related to geographical restrictions still pertained. To solve this, the
concept of grid computing was introduced.

Grid computing:
In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that different
systems were placed at entirely different geographical locations and these all were
connected via the internet. These systems belonged to different organizations and
thus the grid consisted of heterogeneous nodes. Although it solved some problems
but new problems emerged as the distance between the nodes increased. The main
problem which was encountered was the low availability of high bandwidth
connectivity and with it other network associated issues. Thus. cloud computing is
often referred to as “Successor of grid computing”. 12
 Evolution
Virtualization:
It was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the process of creating a virtual layer
over the hardware which allows the user to run multiple instances simultaneously on the
hardware. It is a key technology used in cloud computing. It is the base on which major
cloud computing services such as Amazon EC2, VMware vCloud, etc work on. Hardware
virtualization is still one of the most common types of virtualization.

Web 2.0:
It is the interface through which the cloud computing services interact with the clients. It
is because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and dynamic web pages. It also increases
flexibility among web pages. Popular examples of web 2.0 include Google Maps,
Facebook, Twitter, etc. Needless to say, social media is possible because of this
technology only. In gained major popularity in 2004.

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Service orientation:
It acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports low-cost, flexible,
and evolvable applications. Two important concepts were introduced in this
computing model. These were Quality of Service (QoS) which also includes the
SLA (Service Level Agreement) and Software as a Service (SaaS).

Utility computing:
It is a computing model that defines service provisioning techniques for services
such as compute services along with other major services such as storage,
infrastructure, etc which are provisioned on a pay-per-use basis.

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Characteristics of Cloud Computing

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Essential characteristics of Cloud Computing

On-demand
self-service

Flexible
Ubiquitous
pricing - Pay
network
per use access
Cloud
Computing

Rapid Resource
elasticity pooling

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 Common characteristics of Cloud Computing

• On-demand self-service
• Ubiquitous network access ( Access it
anywhere/everywhere/Anytime you need)
• Resource pooling (advanced virtualization/
presentation, Application, Desktop, Storage,
Network)
• Rapid elasticity (automatically request additional
space)
• Flexible pricing - Pay per use

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Advantages of Cloud Computing

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing

• Lower Computing Cost

• Improved Performance
• Reduced Software Cost
• Instant Software Updates
• Unlimited Storage Capacity
• Increased Data Reliability
• Device Independence and the “always on!, anywhere and any
place”
• Free From Maintenance and the “no-need-to-know”

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 A Golden Era in Computing
Powerful multi-
core processors
General purpose
Explosion of
graphic processors
domain
applications

Superior software
methodologies
Proliferation of
devices
Virtualization
leveraging the
powerful
Wider bandwidth for
Hardware
communication

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Neyshabur
 Disadvantages
• Requires a constant Internet connection
• Does not work well with low-speed
connections
• Features might be limited
• Can be slow
• Stored data might not be secure
• Stored data can be lost
• Compatibility for clouds/DB/etc.

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Cloud service models

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Cloud Service Layers

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 Cloud Service models - Definitions

Software as a • SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides

licensed multi-tenant access to software and its
Service (SaaS) functions remotely as a Web-based service.

Platform as a • PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support

the complete life cycle of building and delivering web
Service (PaaS) applications and services entirely from the Internet.

Infrastructure as • IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an

a Service (IaaS) on demand scalable service.

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 Cloud Service models - Characteristics

• Scalable; Multi-tenant; Metadata driven

Software as a configurability
Service (SaaS) • Sometimes free; easy to use; good consumer
adoption; proven business models

• Highly scalable; multi-tier architecture; Multi tenant

Platform as a environments
Service (PaaS) • Developers can upload a configured applications and it
“runs” within the platform’s framework

• Offers full control of a company’s infrastructure; not

Infrastructure as confined to applications or restrictive instances
a Service (IaaS) • Sometimes comes with a price premium; can be
complex to build, manage and maintain

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 Cloud Service models - Containing

Software as a Email Business Processes

Service (SaaS) Industry Applications CRM/ERP/HR

Platform as a Middleware Web 2.0 Application Runtime

Service (PaaS) Development Tooling Database Java Runtime

Infrastructure as Servers Networking Storage Data Center Fabric

a Service (IaaS) Firewalls, load balancers

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 Cloud Service models - Examples

Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as
a Service (IaaS)

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Cloud Service models - Comparison

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Cloud Service models

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Cloud implementation types

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Cloud implementation types

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 Public Cloud

• Owned and managed by service provider

• Made available to the general public or a large industry group

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 Private Cloud
• Operated solely for an organization
• May be managed by the organization or a third party
• Limits access to enterprise and partner network
• Retains high degree of control, privacy and security

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 Community Cloud
• shared infrastructure by several organizations which have
shared concerns
• May be managed by the organizations or a third party
• Costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud but more
than a single tenant

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 Hybrid Cloud
• Composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or
public) bound together by standardized or proprietary
technology that enables data and application portability

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 Examples
Public Cloud
• Public clouds service to any paying customer.
• E.g. : Amazon(S3 & EC2), Google, Microsoft, Sales force
Private Cloud
• Private clouds are assessable only to the company
employees.
• E.g. : HP data center, IBM, Sun, Oracle, 3tera
Hybrid Cloud
• Organizations may host critical applications on private
clouds.
• where as relatively less security concerns on public cloud.
• usage of both public and private together is called hybrid
cloud

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 Cloud Operating Systems

• Eye OS
• Amoeba OS
• Glide OS
• Start force
• myGoya
• CorneliOS
• Lucid Desktop
• Cloudo, Ghost, Zimdesk, Start force etc.,

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 Distributed vs. Grid vs. Cloud
Distributed Grid Cloud

Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes

Scalability Slowest, Rigid & Costly Slower, somewhat Instant, Flexible, Pay-
flexible, Costly per-usage

Cost High CapEx Costly, sometimes No contracts, usage

month/year contracts, based, no upfront costs
no CapEx

“Green” Low Low High - virtualized

Pricing model Buy Servers & Colo Rent Servers & Hosting Rent based on usage
costs whether used or costs whether used or only
not not

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Commercial Clouds

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 Cloud security
Cloud security, also known as cloud computing security, consists
of a set of policies, controls, procedures and technologies that
work together to protect cloud-based systems, data, and
infrastructure. These security measures are configured to protect
cloud data, support regulatory compliance and protect
customers' privacy as well as setting authentication rules for
individual users and devices. From authenticating access to
filtering traffic, cloud security can be configured to the exact
needs of the business. And because these rules can be configured
and managed in one place, administration overheads are reduced
and IT teams empowered to focus on other areas of the business.
The way cloud security is delivered will depend on the individual
cloud provider or the cloud security solutions in place. However,
implementation of cloud security processes should be a joint
responsibility between the business owner and solution provider.40
Why is cloud security important?

For businesses making the transition to the

cloud, robust cloud security is imperative.
Security threats are constantly evolving and
becoming more sophisticated, and cloud
computing is no less at risk than an on-premise
environment. For this reason, it is essential to
work with a cloud provider that offers best-in-
class security that has been customized for your
infrastructure.
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Cloud security offers many benefits, including:

Centralized security: Just as cloud computing centralizes

applications and data, cloud security centralizes protection.
Cloud-based business networks consist of numerous devices
and endpoints that can be difficult to manage when dealing
with shadow IT or BYOD. Managing these entities centrally
enhances traffic analysis and web filtering, streamlines the
monitoring of network events and results in fewer software
and policy updates. Disaster recovery plans can also be
implemented and actioned easily when they are managed in
one place.

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Cloud security offers many benefits, including:

Reduced costs: One of the benefits of utilizing cloud

storage and security is that it eliminates the need to
invest in dedicated hardware. Not only does this
reduce capital expenditure, but it also reduces
administrative overheads. Where once IT teams were
firefighting security issues reactively, cloud security
delivers proactive security features that offer
protection 24/7 with little or no human intervention.

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Cloud security offers many benefits, including:

Reduced Administration: When you choose a reputable cloud

services provider or cloud security platform, you can kiss
goodbye to manual security configurations and almost
constant security updates. These tasks can have a massive
drain on resources, but when you move them to the cloud, all
security administration happens in one place and is fully
managed on your behalf.
Reliability: Cloud computing services offer the ultimate in
dependability. With the right cloud security measures in
place, users can safely access data and applications within the
cloud no matter where they are or what device they are
using.
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 Conclusion

Cloud Computing is the fastest growing

part of network based computing . It Provides
tremendous benefits to customers of all sizes:
simple users, developers, enterprises and all
types of organizations.

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 References
• Cloud computing, by Khalid Agdmoun, accessed Oct 2016 in SlideShare
• Introduction to cloud computing, by Divyanshu Sunwani, accessed Oct
2016 in SlideShare
• Introduction to cloud computing, by Yossi Cohen

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