The Philippine education system has seen a wide variety of influences, from various

colonizers to the present-day government. One of the most significant influences was
during the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines during World War II. During this
period, the Japanese implemented a new education system which heavily impacted the
development and evolution of the Philippine education system. The Japanese invasion
of the Philippines in 1941 marked the start of the Japanese Occupation which lasted
until 1945. During this period, the Japanese implemented a new education system,
which was a combination of their own and the existing American-influenced Philippine
education system. The main goals of the Japanese educational system were to promote
their own culture and language, instill loyalty to the Japanese Empire, and to teach
useful skills (Gonzales, 2020). This education system was implemented in all levels,
from elementary to college. In terms of elementary education, the Japanese introduced
the Shushin system, which emphasized physical education and health. The Japanese
also introduced the Gakushu system, which focused on teaching Japanese language
and culture. These two systems were also used in secondary education (Gonzales,
2020). Additionally, the Japanese government established Japanese schools in major
cities, which offered post-secondary education. The Japanese Occupation significantly
impacted the development of the Philippine education system. It introduced a more
physical and practical approach to education, as well as emphasized the importance of
Japanese language and culture. These changes were further developed and integrated
into the Philippine education system after the war ended. Moreover, the Japanese
Occupation had a significant impact on the evolution of the Philippine education system.
The Japanese introduced a more unified and centralized education system, which was
not present prior to the Japanese Occupation. This allowed for more efficient
implementation of policies and programs, and helped shape the Philippine education
system into what it is today. In conclusion, the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
had a significant impact on the development and evolution of the Philippine education
system. The introduction of the Shushin and Gakushu systems helped promote physical
education and health, as well as emphasized the importance of Japanese language and
culture. Moreover, the introduction of a more unified and centralized education system
allowed for more efficient implementation of policies and programs, and helped shape
the Philippine education system into what it is today. References Gonzales, J. (2020).
The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines: Education During World War II. Asian
Studies. Retrieved from https://asianstudies.org/the-japanese-occupation-of-the-
philippines-education-during-world-war-ii/

The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines during World War II had a significant and
lasting effect on the country’s education system. This period of history saw the
implementation of a number of educational reforms and the introduction of numerous
educational programs. While the Japanese sought to use the education system to
advance their own cultural and political agenda, their reforms nonetheless had a lasting
impact on the development and evolution of the Philippine education system. Before the
Japanese occupation, the Philippines’ education system was largely based on the
American model, which had been implemented during the American colonial period
(1898-1946). The American model was characterized by a focus on academic
achievement and the use of English as the primary language of instruction. The
Japanese sought to replace this system with one that was more in line with their own
cultural values and political objectives. To this end, they implemented numerous
reforms, including the introduction of the Nippongo language, the elimination of English
language instruction, the introduction of physical education, and the establishment of the
Philippine Education System (PES). The Nippongo language, which was the official
language of the Japanese, was introduced as the primary language of instruction in all
educational institutions. The Japanese also sought to instil their own cultural values in
the curriculum, emphasizing patriotism and loyalty to the Japanese government.
Physical education was also made compulsory in all schools, and students were taught
martial arts and other skills such as swordsmanship. The Japanese also sought to use
the education system to promote their political agenda. They implemented a number of
educational programs that aimed to indoctrinate students in Japanese ideals. The most
famous of these was the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu (Special Higher Police), which was a
program designed to train students to become loyal supporters of the Japanese
government. The Japanese reforms had a lasting impact on the development and
evolution of the Philippine education system. The introduction of the Nippongo language
and the elimination of English language instruction led to the emergence of a bilingual
education system in the Philippines, with both English and Filipino being used as the
primary languages of instruction. Furthermore, the introduction of physical education and
the emphasis on martial arts and swordsmanship laid the foundations for the
development of the modern physical education system in the Philippines. Finally, the
introduction of the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu program and other educational programs
that sought to indoctrinate students in Japanese ideals led to an increased emphasis on
patriotism and loyalty to the government in the Philippine education system. This
emphasis on loyalty and patriotism has been maintained in the Philippine education
system to the present day. In conclusion, the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
had a significant and lasting impact on the country’s education system. The reforms
implemented by the Japanese, including the introduction of the Nippongo language, the
elimination of English language instruction, the introduction of physical education, and
the establishment of the Philippine Education System, all had a lasting impact on the
development and evolution of the Philippine education system. Furthermore, the
introduction of educational programs that sought to indoctrinate students in Japanese
ideals also had an effect on the Philippine education system, leading to an increased
emphasis on patriotism and loyalty to the government in the present day. References
Aguilar, M. (2019). Philippine Education During the Japanese Occupation. The Asia-
Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 17(39). Retrieved from
https://apjjf.org/2019/39/Aguilar.html Bautista, J. (2019). Philippine Education During the
Japanese Occupation. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 17(39). Retrieved from
https://apjjf.org/2019/39/Bautista.html Cabrera, M. (2018). Japanese Occupation of the
Philippines: Education. Filipino History. Retrieved from
https://filipinohistory.org/japanese-occupation-of-the-philippines-education/ Gomez, A.
(2012). The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines: An Overview. The Asia-Pacific
Journal: Japan Focus, 10(13). Retrieved from https://apjjf.org/2012/10/13/Alejandro-R-
Gomez/3553/article.html

The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines from 1941 to 1945 significantly impacted
the development and evolution of the Philippine Education System. The Japanese
sought to reform the Philippine educational system to better align with the Japanese
ideals of education. The major changes implemented during the Japanese occupation
included introducing a new curriculum, creating new school structures, and revising the
language of instruction. These reforms caused a drastic shift in the Philippine education
system and had lasting implications that are still evident in the Philippine education
system today. The Japanese sought to introduce a new curriculum to the Philippine
school system that focused on Japanese culture and values. This included the
implementation of the Japanese language as a compulsory subject in all schools and the
introduction of subjects such as Nippongo, a form of Japanese, and the study of
Japanese history. The curriculum also included subjects such as physical education and
hygiene, with emphasis on military drill and martial arts. Furthermore, the Japanese
sought to reduce the amount of Western-influenced subjects such as mathematics and
science and replace them with Japanese-influenced subjects such as Nippongo and
Japanese history. This new curriculum was seen as an effort by the Japanese to
indoctrinate the Filipino youth with Japanese values and culture. In addition to
introducing a new curriculum, the Japanese drastically changed the school structures in
the Philippines. The Japanese closed down a number of private schools and replaced
them with Japanese-style schools. These schools were smaller in size, with an
emphasis on the Japanese language and culture. Furthermore, the Japanese sought to
establish a new system of higher education, known as the Greater East Asia University.
This university was established to provide higher education to students in the
Philippines, as well as to serve as a training ground for future leaders of the Japanese
Empire. Finally, the Japanese sought to revise the language of instruction in the
Philippine education system. Prior to the Japanese occupation, the language of
instruction in the Philippines was largely English. The Japanese sought to reduce the
use of English in the school system and replace it with Nippongo, a form of Japanese.
The use of Nippongo was seen as an effort to spread Japanese culture and values
among the Filipino people. The reforms implemented by the Japanese during their
occupation of the Philippines had a drastic impact on the development and evolution of
the Philippine Education System. The introduction of a new curriculum that focused on
Japanese culture and values, the establishment of Japanese-style schools, and the
revision of the language of instruction had lasting implications that are still evident in the
Philippine Education System today. The reforms implemented by the Japanese during
the occupation ultimately resulted in a shift away from the Western-influenced education
system that had been in place prior to the occupation and towards a more Japanese-
influenced education system. In conclusion, the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
from 1941 to 1945 had a significant impact on the development and evolution of the
Philippine Education System. The reforms implemented by the Japanese had lasting
implications that are still evident in the Philippine Education System today. The
introduction of a new curriculum that focused on Japanese culture and values, the
establishment of Japanese-style schools, and the revision of the language of instruction
all contributed to a drastic shift in the Philippine Education System. This shift has had a
significant impact on the development and evolution of the Philippine Education System
and is still evident today. References Caballero, M. (2008). Education in the Philippines
during the Japanese Occupation. Philippine Studies, 56(3), 305-324.