Lab7

Utility Programs

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 Function
Command

grep Search for a pattern in a file or program output.

Sort Sort a file or program output. Example: sort mp3files.txt

gzip zip a file

Pipe used to combine between two or more commands in a single

command .

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep Linux sample.txt

Search for lines containing the word Linux

Linux: is a Unix-like operating system that

std@ubuntu:~$

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep –v Linux sample.txt

Search for lines that do not contain the word Linux

was designed to provide personal computer

users a free or very low-cost operating system
comparable to traditional and usually
more expensive Unix systems,
developed by Linus Torvalds.

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep ^Linux sample.txt

To search for lines beginning with the word "Linux"

Linux: is a Unix-like operating system that

std@ubuntu:~$

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grep Command

std@ubuntu:~$ grep Linux $ sample.txt

To find the lines that end with the word "Linux"

operating system Linux

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sort command Display content of file

std@ubuntu:~$ cat sample1.txt

ebtisam
amal
sahar
kawkab
manal
hayam
zinab

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 Sort a file

std@ubuntu:~$ sort sample1.txt

amal
ebtisam
hayam
kawkab
manal
sahar
zinab

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 Sort a file inverse

std@ubuntu:~$ sort -r sample1.txt

zinab
sahar
manal
kawkab
hayam
ebtisam
amal

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 Move content of sample 1 To sample in order with delete content of
sample
std@ubuntu:~$ sort sample1.txt>sample.txt

std@ubuntu:~$ cat sample1.txt

ebtisam
std@ubuntu:~$ cat sample1.txt amal
computer sahar
kawkab
manal
hayam
zinab

Befor After

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 Marge content of sample and sample1 To sample2 in order

std@ubuntu:~$ sort sample.txt sample1.txt

>sample2.txt
std@ubuntu:~$ cat sample2.txt
amal
amal
ebtisam
ebtisam
hayam
hayam
kawkab
kawkab
manal
manal
sahar
sahar
zinab
zinab
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 Zip sample 1 and sample

std@ubuntu:~$ gzip sample.txt sample1.txt

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 unZip sample 1 and sample

std@ubuntu:~$ gzip -d sample.txt sample1.txt

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 Piping and Redirection

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 Page by page : press space key

Line by line :: press Enter key

Function
Command

more Display a file, or program output one page at a time(page by

page or line by line), display content in same page .
. Examples:
more mp3files.txt
ls -la | more
less Display a file, or program output (page by page or line by line),
display content in other page .

An improved replacement for the “more” command. Allows you to

scroll backwards as well as forwards

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 To more : press space key
std@ubuntu:~$ more /etc/*.conf To exit :press q key
Display content in same page Can not use pgup,pgdn

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 To more : press space key
std@ubuntu:~$ more /etc/*.conf To exit :press q key
Display content in same page Can not use pgup,pgdn

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 To more : press space key
std@ubuntu:~$ less /etc/*.conf To exit :press q key
Display content in another page Can use pgup,pgdn

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 To more : press space key
std@ubuntu:~$ less /etc/*.conf To exit :press q key
Display content in another page Can use pgup,pgdn

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Pipe command
std@ubuntu:~$ ls /etc/ | less

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Pipe command(con…)

std@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/passwd | grep ebtisam3

ebtisam3:x:1003:1006::/home/ebtisam3:

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Pipe command(con…)

std@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/passwd | grep home

syslog:x:100:103::/home/syslog:/bin/false
saned:x:108:116::/home/saned:/bin/false
std:x:1000:1000:ebtisam,,,:/home/std:/bin/bash
ebtisam:x:1001:1001:,,q,exit:/home/ebtisam:/bin/bash
ebtisam3:x:1003:1006::/home/ebtisam3:
newuser2:x:1050:1050:newuser2,123,1452,4521,4521:/home/lab:/bin/bash
user:x:1005:1011:user,4521,1254,125,4152:/home/user:/bin/bash
user11:x:1082:1005::/home/uh2:

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Redirection

1. Redirecting to a File : ls > test.txt

2. Redirecting from a File : wc -c < test.txt

std@ubuntu:~$ wc -c < test.txt

188

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Redirection(con…) put content of passwd file into
output.txt file
std@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/passwd > output.txt
std@ubuntu:~$ cat output.txt

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Redirection(con…) put content of passwd file into
output.txt file
std@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/passwd > output.txt
std@ubuntu:~$ cat output.txt

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Redirection(con…) Add content of hosts file into
output.txt file
std@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/hosts >> output.txt
std@ubuntu:~$ cat output.txt

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 C compiler

Function
Command

whereis gcc Display the path of compiler on Linux .

Or which gcc
gcc -- version Display the version number of compiler on Linux .

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 Verify compiler is exist
C compiler(con…)
Display the path of compiler on
Linux
std@ubuntu:~$ whereis gcc

gcc: /usr/bin/gcc /usr/lib/gcc /usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz

std@ubuntu:~$ which gcc

/usr/bin/gcc

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 Display the version number of
C compiler(con…) compiler on Linux

std@ubuntu:~$ gcc --version

gcc (Ubuntu 4.9.1-16ubuntu6) 4.9.1

Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

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C compiler (con…) The Steps

1. Open file in nano editor

nano f.c
2. Write program and save it:
3. Compile f.c with g++ or gcc :
gcc f.c -o f
4- Execute it:
./f

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 Nano editor :
open file in nano editor
std@ubuntu:~$ nano f.c

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 Write program in C language

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello Word\n");
return 0;
}

1- Ctrl + O Save
2- Press Enter Key
3- Ctrl + X Exit from Nano editor
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 Compile f.c with g++ or gcc

std@ubuntu:~$ gcc f.c -o f

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 Execute f.out

std@ubuntu:~$ ./f Here the "./" means the exe

file is under the current dir

Hello Word

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 End…
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