NOTE

M A T H E M A T I C S

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

TRANSFORMATIONS OF GRAPHS

What you already know

• Domain and range of a function • Greatest integer function

• Types of functions • Fractional part function
• Value of a function

What you will learn

• Transformation of graphs

 π 
Find the domain of f(x), where f(x) = [sinx] . cos    and [.] denotes the G.I.F of x.
 [ x + 1] 
 

Solution

Step 1:
The domain of [sin x] is x ∈ ℝ
 π 
For cos  , [x + 1] ≠ 0
 [ x + 1] 
 
⇒ [x] + 1 ≠ 0 (∵ [x + n] = [x] + n , n ∈ ℤ)
⇒ [x] ≠ -1
⇒ x ∉ [-1, 0)
The domain of f(x) is x ∈ ℝ - [-1, 0)

x−2
Find the domain of f(x), where f ( x ) = 22x + 64 3
− 2−1 ( 72 + 22x )

Solution

Step 1:
x−2
f ( x ) = 2 + 642x 3
(
− 2−1 72 + 22x )
x−2 4x
= 4 +4x
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2
 02

x−2
f ( x ) = 22x + 64 3
(
− 2−1 72 + 22x )
4x
= 4x + 4x − 2 − 36 −
2
4x 4x
Now, 4x + − 36 − ≥0
16 2

Step 2:
Let 4x = y
y y
⇒y+ − 36 − ≥ 0
16 2
⇒ y ≥ 64, 4 ≥ 64
x

⇒ x ≥3
The domain of f(x) is x ∈ [3, ∞)

Find the domain and range of y = 7− x C x − 3

Solution

Step 1:
We know that for nCr to be defined n > 0, r ≥ 0, n ≥ r, n and r ∈ ℤ
7 - x > 0 ⇒ x < 7 ... (i)
x - 3 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 3 ... (ii)
7 - x ≥ x - 3 ⇒ x ≤ 5 ... (iii)

Step 2:
After taking the intersection of (i), (ii), (iii), we get x ∈ [3, 5]
However, x should be an integer. So, x ∈ {3, 4, 5}
Domain of y : x ∈ {3, 4, 5}

Step 3:
When x = 3, 7 − xCx − 3 = 4C0 = 1
When x = 4, 7 − xCx − 3 = 3C1 =3
When x = 5, 7 − xCx − 3 = 2C2 = 1
Range of y : {1, 3}

Find the domain of 2x + 2y = 2.

Solution

Step 1:
2y= 2 − 2x
Taking log 2 on both sides, we get,
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y x
 03

2y= 2 − 2x
Taking log 2 on both sides, we get,
log=
2 2
y
( )
log 2 2 − 2x ( )
y log 2 2 − 2x
⇒= ( )
Step 2:
For the logarithm function to be defined, 2 - 2x > 0
2x < 2 ⇒ x <1
Domain: x ∈ (-∞, 1)

Find the domain of

= y log ( px 3 + ( p + q ) x 2 + ( q + r ) x + r ) , if q2 − =
4pr 0 and p > 0

Solution

Step 1:
= (
y log px3 + ( p + q ) x 2 + ( q + r ) x + r )
=y log ( px ( x + 1 ) + qx ( x + 1 ) + r ( x + 1 ) )
2

=
y log ( x + 1 ) ( px + qx + r ) 
2

For logarithm function to be defined,

( x + 1) ( px2 + qx + r ) > 0

Step 2:
It is given that q2 − 4pr = 0 and p > 0
⇒ px2 + qx + r is a perfect square, which is greater than or equal to zero.
-q
Also, q2 - 4pr = 0 ⇒ Roots of px2 + qx + r are equal and sum of roots is .
2
p
 q 
⇒ px 2 + qx + r= p  x + 
 2p 
2
 q 
⇒ p ( x + 1)  x +  >0
 2p 
Using wavy curve method, we get,
q
x ∈ ( −1, ∞ ) −  
 2p 

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 04

If f(x) is defined for (0, 1), then find the domain of f(ex) + f(ln |x|).

Solution Y
4
Step 1:
2
0 < ex < 1 (0, 1)
⇒ x ∈ (-∞, 0) ... (i)
X
-4 -2 0 2 4

-2

Step 2:
0 < ln|x| < 1
⇒ 1 < |x| < e
⇒ x ∈ (-e, -1) ⋃ (1, e) ... (ii)
Taking the intersection of (i) and (ii), we get,
x ∈ (-e, -1)

If the domain of f(x) is (-∞, 0], then find the domain of f(6{x}2 - 5{x} + 1).

Solution

-∞ < 6{x}2 − 5{x} + 1 ≤ 0

Let {x} = t
⇒ 6t 2 − 5t + 1 ≤ 0
⇒ ( 2t − 1)(3t − 1) ≤ 0
1 1
⇒ ≤t≤
3 2
1 1
⇒ ≤ {x} ≤
3 2
 1 1
⇒ x ∈ n + , n +  , n ∈ 
 3 2

( x2 + x + 1)
−
Find the domain of f ( x ) , where f ( x )= 2

Solution

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 05

1
The given expression is, f ( x ) =
( )
3
x2 + x + 1
We can see that x2 + x + 1 is always greater than zero as the discriminant is negative and
coefficient of x2 is greater than 0. So, x ∈ ℝ.

x−2 1−x
Find the domain of
= f (x) + .
x+2 1+x

Solution

Step 1:
x−2
0
x+2
x ∈ (-∞, -2) ⋃ [2, ∞) ... (i)

Step 2:
1−x
0
1+x
x −1
⇒ ≤0
x +1
x ∈ (-1, 1] ... (ii)
After taking intersection of (i) and (ii), we get,
x∈Φ

Transformation of Graphs

Basic graphs

Y Y
4 4
y=x y = -x

2 2

X X
-4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4

-2 -2

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 06

Y Y
4
4
y = x3
y = x2 2
2
X
X -2 0 2 4
-4 -2 0 2 4
-2
-2

1
y=
x
Y 1
Y
y = x3 4
4 y= x

2 y = |x|
2
X
X -4 -2 0 2 4
-2 0 2 4 6
-2
-2

1 Y Y
y= 4
x
1 4 1
y=x 3 y=
2
x
y= x 2
1
y=x 3

-2 y= x
X X
-4 -2 0 2 4 2 4 6
0

-2
-2

1. Vertical stretch

Let us consider a function y = f(x)

When the points on the Y-axis of the graph of the given function f(x) are multiplied by k units, it
gives the graph of y = k f(x)

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 07

Y
y = x2
y = 2x2
x2
y=
2
Example: x
y=
Let us plot the graph of y = x2, 2x2 and x on
2
3
the same coordinate plane. 2
3π π 3π
− −
2 2 2
1
=
y (Xx − 2)3
5π 9π 3π
−
4 4 4

Plot the graph of the function y = 3ex

Solution Y y = 3ex

Step 1:
Plot the graph of the function y = ex
3 y = ex
Step 2:
2
Multiply the points on the Y-axis of the
graph by 3 units to get the graph of y = 3ex 1
X

Plot the graph of the function y = 3 sin x.

Solution Y y = 3 sin x
3

y = sin x
1

_
4π _
3π _
2π _
π 0 π 2π 3π 4π 5π
X
-1

-3

Step 1:
Plot the graph of the function y = sin x
Step 2:
Multiply the points on the Y-axis of the graph by 3 units to get the graph of y = 3 sin x

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 08

|x|
Plot the graph of the function y = 3 |x| and .
3

Solution
Y
Step 1: y = 3|x|
y = |x|
Plot the graph of the function y = |x|
x2
y=
Step 2: 2
(a) Multiply the points on the Y-axis of x
y=
the graph by 3 units to get the graph 3
of y = 3|x|. 3π X π 3π
0 − −
(b) Divide the points on the Y-axis of the 2 2 2
graph by 3 units to get the graph of 1

|x| =
y ( x − 2) 3
y= .
3 5π 9π 3π
−
4 4 4

2. Vertical shift
Y y = 2x + 5
Let us consider a function y = f(x) y = 2x
When the given graph of f(x) is shifted
upwards by a units, it gives the graph of the (0, 5) y = 2x - 3
function y = f(x) + a; a > 0
When the given graph of f(x) is shifted
downwards by a units, it gives the graph of X
the function y = f(x) - a; a > 0 (0, 0)

Example:
Let us plot the graph of y = 2x, 2x - 3, and (0, -3)
2x + 5 on the same coordinate plane.

Plot the graph of the function y = |x| + 3 and y = |x| - 2.

Solution Y y = |x| + 3

Step 1: y = |x|
Plot the graph of the function y = |x|
Step 2: (0, 3) y = |x| - 2

Shift the graph of y = |x| by 2 units

downwards to plot the graph of y = |x| - 2 X

Shift the graph of y = |x| by 3 units upwards

to plot the graph of y = |x| + 3 (0, -2)

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 09

Plot the graph of the function y = 1 - |x|.

Solution Y

Step 1: (0, 1)
Draw the graph of y = -|x|
X
Step 2:
Shift the graph of y = -|x| by 1 unit y = 1 - |x|
upwards to plot the graph of y = -|x| + 1
y = -|x|

Plot the graph of the function y = {x} + 3, where { } denotes the fractional part function.

Solution Y

y = {x} + 3
Step 1: 4
Draw the graph of y = {x}
y=3
Step 2: y = {x}
Shift the graph of y = {x} by 3 units X
upwards to plot the graph of y = {x} + 3

Plot the graph of the function y = x + 5

Solution Y
y = √x + 5

Step 1: y = √x
Draw the graph of y = √x
(0, 5)
Step 2:
X
Shift the graph of y = √x  by 5 units
upwards to plot the graph of y = √x + 5

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 10

3. y = f(x) → y = -f(x)
The graph of y = -f(x) is obtained by taking the mirror image of y = f(x) about the X-axis.
Y

y = ex

Example:
1
The graph of y = -ex is obtained by taking X
the mirror image of y = ex about the X-axis. 0
-1

y = -ex

Plot the graph of the function y = -cos x

Solution Y

x2 x 2
x2 x2
y= y= y =y = cos x y=
Step 1: 2 2 1 2 2
x x x x
Draw the graph of y = cos x y= y= y= y=
3 3 3 3
X
Step 2:
3π π3π 3ππ
−
π
− 3π π 3π π 3π 3ππ π
−
3π
−
π
2 2 2 −2 − − −2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
The graph of y = -cos x is obtained by taking 1
-1 1
=
y ( x − 2) 3 1 1 =
y ( x − 2) 3
the mirror image of y = cos x about the X-axis. =
y ( x − 2) 3 y y(=
= x− 2) x
3
-cos
5π 9π 3π 5π 9π 3π
π −9π 5π 9π 3π −
5
4 4 4 − 3π − 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4

Plot the graph of the function y = -{x}, where {.} denotes the fractional part function.

Solution Y

Step 1: 1
y = {x}
Draw the graph of y = {x}

Step 2: X

The graph of y = -{x} is obtained by taking

the mirror image of y = {x} on the X-axis. y = -{x}
-1

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 11

4. y = f(x) → y = f(-x)
The graph of y = f(-x) is obtained by taking the mirror image of y = f(x) about the Y-axis.

1
y = {-x} y = {x}
Example:
The graph of y = {-x} is obtained by taking
the mirror image of y = {x} about the Y-axis, X
where {.} denotes the fractional part function.

Plot the graph of the function y = e-x.

Solution
y = e−x Y y = ex

Step 1:
Draw the graph of y = ex
1
Step 2:
X
The graph of y = e-x is obtained by taking 0
the mirror image of y = ex on the Y-axis.

Plot the graph of the function y = ln(-x), x < 0

Solution Y
y = ln(-x) y = ln(x)

Step 1:
Draw the graph of y = ln x, x > 0

Step 2:
The graph of y = ln(-x) is obtained by taking
X
the mirror image of y = ln x about the Y-axis. -1 1

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 12

Plot the graph of the function y = √-x, x < 0

Solution Y

Step 1: y = √-x y = √x
Draw the graph of y = √x

Step 2:
The graph of y = √-x is obtained by taking X
the mirror image of y = √x on the Y-axis.

5. y = f(x) → y = f(x ± a)
Let us consider a function y = f(x)
a) When the given graph of f(x) is shifted by a units toward the left, it gives the graph of the
function y = f(x + a), (a > 0)
b) When the given graph of f(x) is shifted by a units toward the right, it gives the graph of the
function y = f(x - a), (a > 0)

Plot the graph of the function y = (x - 3)2

Solution Y
y = x2 y = (x - 3)2
Step 1:
Draw the graph of y = x2

Step 2:
Shift the graph of y = x2 in the direction
of the positive X-axis by 3 units to get the X
0 3
graph of y = (x - 3)2

Plot the graph of the function y = ln(x + e)

Solution

Step 1:
Plot the graph of the function y = ln x

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 13

Y
x = -e y = ln(x + e)
Step 2:
y = ln x
Shift the graph of y = ln x in the direction
of the negative X-axis by e units to get the
graph of y = ln(x + e)
X
0 (1, 0)

(1 - e, 0)

Plot the graph of the function y = x + 4

Solution Y
y= x+4

Step 1:
Plot the graph of the function y = √x y = √x

Step 2:
Shift the graph of y = √x in the direction
X
of the positive X-axis by 4 units to get the -4 0
graph of y = x + 4

Plot the graph of the function y = |x - 3| + 2

Solution

Step 1: Y
Plot the graph of the function y = |x| y = |x - 3| + 2

Step 2:
Shift the graph of y = |x| in the direction y = |x|
of the positive X-axis by 3 units to get the
graph of y = |x - 3|
(3, 2)
Step 3:
Shift the graph of y = |x - 3| in the upward X
0
direction by 2 units to get the graph of
y = |x - 3| + 2

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 14

Plot the graph of the function y = x2 + x + 1

Solution

Step 1:
y = x2 + x + 1 can be written as
2
 1 3 Y
y = x +  +
 2 4 y = x2 + x + 1

Step 2:
Plot the graph of the function y = x2 y = x2

Step 3:
Shift the graph of y = x2 in2the direction of
 1 3  1 3
y = xby+  units
the negative X-axis + to get the − 2, 4
 2 2 4  
 1 3 X
graph of y = x +  + 0 3
 2 4
Step 4: 2
 1 3
Shift the graph of y = x +  in + the upward
2  2 4
 1 3
y=  x + 2  by
direction + units to get the graph
  4
2
 1 3
of y = x +  +
 2 4

1
=
Plot the graph of the function y +3
x+4

Solution
Y

Step 1: 1
1 y=
Plot the graph of the function y = x
x 1
Step 2: 1 y=
y= x+4
1 x+4
Shift the graph of y = in the direction
1 x
y= X
of the negative X-axis
x by14 units to get 0
y= -4
1 x+4 1
the graph of y = 1 y=
x+4 y= x
x 1
1 1 y=
=
Let’s plot y + 3 from y = . x+4
x+4 x+4

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 15

1
=y +3
x+4
1 1
= y
To yplot
= + 3 , shift the graph
x x+4 3
1
of y = in the upward direction by
x+4 X
0
3 units. -4
1
y=
x
1
y=
x+4

6. y = f(x) → y = f(|x|)
Let us consider a function y = f(x)
We can obtain the graph of f(|x|) by the following ways:
1. Retaining the graph corresponding to only the non-negative values of x
2. Taking the mirror image of the retained graph about the Y-axis

Plot the graph of the function y = e|x|

Solution
Y
y = ex, x ≥ 0

Step 1:
Plot the graph of y = ex, x ≥ 0
X

y = e|x| Y
Step 2:
Take the mirror image of the obtained graph
about the Y-axis to get the required graph.

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 16

Plot the graph of the function y = sin |x|.

Solution Y

y = sin x, x ≥ 0
Step 1:
Plot the graph of y = sin x, x ≥ 0 X

Y
Step 2:
y = sin |x|
Take the mirror image of the obtained
graph about the Y-axis to get the required
graph. X

Plot the graph of the function y = ln |x|.

Solution Y
y = ln x, x > 0

Step 1:
Plot the graph of y = ln x, x > 0
X
1

Y
y = ln |x|
Step 2:
Take the mirror image of the obtained
graph about the Y-axis to get the required
graph.
X
-1 1

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 17

Plot the graph of the function y = |x|

Solution
Y

y = √x

Step 1:
Plot the graph of y = √x, x ≥ 0 X

y = |x|
Step 2:
Take the mirror image of the obtained
graph about the Y-axis to get the required
graph. X

Plot the graph of the function y = |x|2 - 5|x| + 6.

Solution Y

x>0
y = x - 5x + 6
2

Step 1:
Plot the graph of y = x2 - 5x + 6, x ≥ 0
2 3

Y
y = |x|2 - 5|x| + 6
Step 2: x>0

Take the mirror image of the obtained

graph about the Y-axis.
2 3

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 18

7. y = f(x) → y = |f(x)|
 Let us consider a function y = f(x)
We can obtain the graph of |f(x)| by the following ways:
  1) Retaining the graph that is above the X-axis
  2) Flipping the graph corresponding to the negative values of y about the X-axis

Plot the graph of the function y = |log x|

Solution
Y

Step 1:
X
Plot the graph of y = log x 0 1

Step 2:
Retain the graph that is above the X-axis . y = log x

Step 3:
y = |log x|
Flip the graph corresponding to the
negative values of y about the X-axis X
to get the required graph. 1

1
y
Plot the graph of the function= ( x − 2) 3 .
1

Solution Y
=
y ( x − 2) 3
1
1
=
y ( x − 2) 3 y = x3
Step 1:
1
X
Plot the graph of y = x 3 0

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 19 x2
y=
2
x
y=
3
1 Y 3π π 3π π
=
y ( x − 2) 3
2 2
−
2
−
2
Step 2: 1
1
Shift the graph of y = x by 2 units on the
3 =
y ( x − 2) 3
positive X-axis to obtain the graph of 0 2 5π 9π X 3π
1
−
4 4 4
=
y ( x − 2) 3

Y 1

Step 3: =
y ( x − 2) 3
1
Plot the graph of by =
y ( x − 2) 3 retaining 1

1 y = x3
X
the graph of =y ( x − 2) that
1 is above the
3
y = x 3
X-axis and flipping the graph corresponding 0 2
to the negative values of y about the X-axis.

8. y = f(x) → |y| = f(x)

 Let us consider a function y = f(x)
For |y| = f(x),
  1. The region below the X-axis cannot be considered, as |y| gives non-negative values.
  2.  As |y| = f(x) ⇒ y = f(x) and -y = f(x), we also consider the mirror image of the graph obtained
    in step (1) about the X-axis.

Plot the graph of the function |y| = x.

Solution Y
y=x

Step 1: X
Plot the graph of y = x

Y
|y| = x

Step 2:
Retain the region that is present on and
X
above the X-axis, and draw the mirror image
of the retained graph about the X-axis.

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 20

Plot the graph of the function |y| = ln x.

Solution Y

Step 1:
X
Plot the graph of y = ln x 0 1

y = ln x

Step 2: |y| = ln x
Retain the region that is present on and
above the X-axis, and draw the mirror image X
of the retained graph about the X-axis. 0 1

Plot the graph of the function |y| = 1 - |x|.

Solution Y

Step 1:
X
Plot the graph of y = 1 - |x| 0

y = 1 - |x|

Step 2:
Retain the region that is present on and
above the X-axis, and draw the mirror image X
of the retained graph about the X-axis. 0

|y| = 1 - |x|

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 21

9.  y = f(x) → y = f{x}, where {.} represents fractional part function.

 Let us consider a function y = f(x)
For y = f{x},
  1. Retain the graph of y = f(x) in [0, 1).
  2.  Repeat the retained graph in an interval of 1 unit.

Plot the graph of the function y = e{x}.

Solution Y

e
Step 1: 1
Plot the graph of y = ex.
X
0 1

Y
Step 2:
e
We know the following:
{x} ∈ [0, 1) ⇒ e{x} ∈ [1, e)
1
As {x} is a periodic function with period
1, e{x} is also a periodic function with the X
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
same period.

Concept Check

1. If f(x) is defined in [0, 1], then find the domain of f(tan x).
1 1
2. Find the domain of f(x), where f ( x ) =
[x]
( )
+ log (2{x} − 5) x2 − 3x + 10 +
1− x
x
3. Plot the graph of the function y = 4 x and
2
π
4. Plot the graph of the function y = sin(x - )
4
5. Plot the graph of the function y = |log |x||
6. Plot the graph of the function y = ln{x}

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 22

Summary Sheet

Key Takeaways

Let us consider a function y = f(x)

• When the points on the Y-axis of the graph of the given function f(x) are multiplied by k units,
it gives the graph of y = k f(x)
• When the given graph of f(x) is shifted upwards by a units, it gives the graph of the function
y = f(x) + a; a > 0
• When the given graph of f(x) is shifted downwards by a units, it gives the graph of the
function y = f(x) - a; a > 0
• The graph of y = -f(x) is obtained by taking the mirror image of y = f(x) about the X-axis.
• The graph of y = f(-x) is obtained by taking the mirror image of y = f(x) about the Y-axis.
• When the given graph of f(x) is shifted by k units toward the left, it gives the graph of the
function y = f(x + k), (k > 0).
• When the given graph of f(x) is shifted by k units toward the right, it gives the graph of the
function y = f(x - k), (k > 0)
• f(x) → f(|x|) can be obtained by retaining the graph corresponding to the non-negative values
of x and taking the mirror image of it about the Y-axis.
• f(x) → |f(x)| can be obtained by retaining the graph above the X-axis and flip the graph
corresponding to the negative values of y about the X-axis.
• To find the number of solutions for f(x) = g(x), try to plot the graphs of both the functions and
look for the number of points of intersection.

Mind Map

f(x) → -f(x) f(x) → -f(-x)

f(x) → f(-x) f(x) → f(|x|)

f(x) → |f(|x|)|
Transformation
Functions Graphs
of graphs
f(x) → (f{x})

f(x) → f(x) + a f(x) → f(x + a)

f(x) → f(x) - a f(x) → f(x - a)

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 23

Self-Assessment

Find the number of solutions for the following pair of equations:

−3 2
=
f(x) x + 3x + 1 and g(x)
= 2x
4

Answers

Concept Check

1.
f(tan x) will be defined when 0 ≤ tan x ≤ 1
π
⇒ tan −1 ( 0) ≤ x ≤ tan −1  
4
 π
⇒ x ∈  nπ , nπ +  , n ∈ 
 4

2.
1 1
f (x) =
[x]
( )
+ log (2{x} − 5) x2 − 3x + 10 +
1− x

( )
log (2{x} − 5) x2 − 3x + 10 to be defined,
2{x} − 5 > 0
⇒ {x} > 2.5
However, {x} ∈ [0, 1), which means that there is no value of x for which the given logarithm is
defined.
So, x ∈ ∅

3.
Step 1:
Y y = 4√x
Plot the graph of the function y = √x

Step 2:
a) Multiply the points on the Y-axis of the
graph by 4 units to get the graph of
y = √x
y = 4√x
x
y=
b) Divide the points on the Y-axis of the 2
graph by 2 units to get the graph of X
O
y = √x
2

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 24
x2 x2 x2
y= y= y=
2 2 2
x Y x x
4. y= y= y=
3 3 3
Step 1: 3π π 3π π y = sin x 3π y π sin33 π π π π 3π
π π
− − = −  x − − − −
Plot the graph of the function y = sin x 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 4 2 2 2
1 1 1
Step 2: ( x − 2=
y) 3 ( x − 2) 3
=
y ( x − 2) 3 =
y
Shift the graph of y = sin x in the direction X
5π 9-π
π 3π O π 5π 9π 2π
5π3π9π 3π
 π − − −
= y X-axis
of the positive − units to get
sin  xby 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4
 4
 π  π
the graph= of y sin  x −  =y sin  x − 
 4  4

5. Y

Step 1: y = log x
Plot the graph of the function y = log x X
O 1

Step 2:
y = log |x|
Plot the graph of y = log |x| by retaining the
graph of y = log x corresponding to only the X
non-negative values of x and taking the -1 0 1
mirror image of the retained graph about
the Y-axis.

Step 3:
y = |log|x||
Plot the graph of y = |log|x|| by retaining the
graph of y = log |x| which is above the X-axis
X
and flipping the graph corresponding to the -1 0 1
negative values of y about the X-axis.

6. Y

Step 1: X
0 1
Plot the graph y = ln x

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 25

Y
y = ln {x}

Step 2:
We know the following: X
0 1 2 3
{x} ∈ [0, 1) ⇒ ln x ∈ (-∞, 0)

Self-Assessment Y

Plot the graph for the following:

−3 2
f ( x=
) x + 3x + 1 and g ( x=
) 2x
4 f(x)
g(x)
We can observe that the number of points
of intersection for both the graphs is two. X
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
−3 2
Hence, f ( x=
) x + 3x + 1 and g ( x=) 2x
4
have two solutions.

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