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Representation of Functions

y = 3x - 2 Substitute x = -1 into the equation: y = 3(-1) - 2 y = -3 - 2 y = -5 So if x = -1, the value of y is -5.

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Jeric Columbino
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44 views

Representation of Functions

y = 3x - 2 Substitute x = -1 into the equation: y = 3(-1) - 2 y = -3 - 2 y = -5 So if x = -1, the value of y is -5.

Uploaded by

Jeric Columbino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAL MATHEMATICS

GENE

g(x)
FUNCTIONS AND
f(x) THEIR GRAPHS
SIR JEC COLUMBINO
I CAN
STATE MENT

I can define and illustrate functions using ordered


pairs, table of values, graphs, equations, and real-life
situations.
RELATIONS VS FUNCTIONS
WHAT MAKES A FUNCTION DISTINCT FROM A RELATION?
ARE ALL FUNCTIONS CONSIDERED RELATIONS?
ARE ALL RELATIONS CONSIDERED FUNCTIONS?
WHAT MA K ES A
FUN CTION D IS T IN CT
FR OM A R EL A TI O N ?

A relation is a rule that relates values from a


set of values (domain) to another set of values
(range).
WHAT MA K ES A
FUN CTION D IS T IN CT
FR OM A R EL A TI O N ?

A function is a relation defined as a set of


ordered pairs (x,y) where no two or more
distinct ordered pairs have the same first
element (x).
WHAT MA K ES A
FUN CTION D IS T IN CT
FR OM A R EL A TI O N ?

That is every value of x corresponds to a unique


value of y. A function can be named using any
letter of the English alphabet.
EXAMPLE 1. DETERMINE WHETHER EACH OF THE FOLLOWING IS
A FUNCTION OR NOT.

a) f = { (0, -1), (2,-5), (4, -9), (6, -13) }

b) R = { (a, 0), (b,-1), (c, 0), (d, -1) }


EXAMPLE 1. DETERMINE WHETHER EACH OF THE FOLLOWING IS
A FUNCTION OR NOT.

c) g = (5, -10), (25, -75), (50, -100)

d) T = { (-2, 0), (-1,1), (0, 1), (-2, 2) }


SOLUTION:

The examples given in (a) and (b) are functions since no two
ordered pairs have the same values of x.
Example (c) is not a function as it does not indicate a set. It is
simply a listing of ordered pairs. Example (d) is not a function
because there are ordered pairs having the same first element x.
TABLE OF VALUES

A table of values is commonly observed when describing a function. This shows


the correspondence between a set of values of x and a set of values of y in
tabular form.

Let's take a look at the following examples.


x 0 1 4 9 10
y -5 -4 -1 4 11
1 1
x -1 -
4
0 4
1
1 1
y -1 -
2 0 2 1
MAPPING DIAGRAM

A function can also be expressed as a correspondence or mapping of two non-


empty sets. Consider the following figures.
F
x y

-3 0

1 2

5 8
G
x y

-3
-4
-2

2 4
SOLUTION:

In figure 1, F is a function since each element in x corresponds


to a unique element y.
However, in figure 2, G is not a function. Notice that the element
2 in x corresponds to two values of y, which are -3 and 4.
REAL-LIFE FUNCTIONS

Plant rely on the amount of sunlight and rainfall for growth.

The area of a square is defined by the length of its side.

The relationship that exists between a chemical element and its


corresponding chemical symbol.
EXAMPLE 2. IDENTIFY WHETHER THE RELATIONSHIP THAT
EXISTS BETWEEN EACH OF THE FOLLWING PAIRS INDICATES A
FUCNTION OR NOT.
a. A jeepney and its plate number
b. A student and his ID number
c. A teacher and his cellular phone
d. A pen and the color of its ink
SOLUTION:
a. Function. A jeepney can only be assigned one plate number.
b. Function. A student may only be issued one ID number.
c. Not a function. A teacher may have two or more cellular phones.
d. Not a function. There are some pens that have two or three colors
of inks contained in one unit.
VERTICAL LINE TEST

Another way to determine functions is through their graphs. Recall that in a function,
every value of the independent variable, x, corresponds to a unique value of dependent
variable, y. Therefore, any vertical line drawn through the graph of a function must
intersect the graph at exactly one point.
VERTICAL LINE TEST

The vertical line test for a function states that if each vertical line intersects a graph in
the x-y plane at exactly one point, then the graph illustrates a function.
VERTICAL LINE TEST
EXAMPLE 3.
EQUATION

The relationship between the variables x and y can be denoted by the equation y=f(x). This
rule allows you to determine the unique value of y for every given value of x.
x- independent variable
y- dependent variable
EXAMPLE:

Area of a square is determined by the equation A=s 2

This means that the length of the side s of


the square determines its area.
EXAMPLE:

The circumference of a circle is given by the


2
equation C=π r .
The length of the radius r determines its
circumference.
EXAMPLE:

Since y=f(x), y = 2x - 1, can also be written as f(x) = 2x - 1


RELATIONSHIP OF INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

value of x equation or rule value of y


EXAMPLE:
Find the value of y in the equation y = 3x - 2 if x = -1.
EXAMPLE:
If the value of y in the equation is 2, find x.

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