Name: Ehsan Raza
Roll No: F21RDOCS1M08054
Department: BSCS
Semester: 6th(M2)
Subject: Web systems and Technologies
Assignment:
Search on Following:
1. Overview of WWW
2. Web Pages
3. Web Sites
4. Web Applications TCP/IP
5. Services
6. Web Server
7. Introduction to HTTP
Answer:
1. Overview of WWW:
The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is the world's dominant software
platform. World Wide Web (WWW) is the leading information retrieval service of the Internet
(the worldwide computer network). World Wide Web is a global collection of documents and
other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URIs. Web resources are accessed using HTTP or
HTTPS, which are application-level Internet protocols that use the Internet's transport protocols.
The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by the British CERN physicist Tim Berners-
Lee.
https:// www.iub.edu.pk /admissions
world wide web
2. Web Page:
A web page is a hypertext document provided by a website and displayed to a user in a web
browser. A web page can be accessed by entering a URL address into a browser's address bar. A
web page may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web pages and files. A web page is
often used to provide information to viewers, including pictures or videos to help illustrate
important topics. A web page may also be used as a method to sell products or services to
viewers. A website typically consists of many web pages linked together in a coherent fashion.
Example:
https:// www.iub.edu.pk / admissions
webpage
.3. Website:
A website is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain
name and published on at least one web server. Notable examples are wikipedia.org, google.com,
and amazon.com. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.
Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news, education,
commerce, entertainment, or social networking. Hyperlinking between web pages guides the
navigation of the site, which often starts with a home page. From our home page, you could get
access to any of the web pages.
Example:
https:// www.iub.edu.pk /admissions
website
4. Web Applications TCP/IP:
A Web application is an application program that is stored on a remote server. A web application
runs on a web server, unlike computer-based software programs that are run locally on the
operating system (OS) of the device. Web applications are accessed by the user through a web
browser with an active network connection. These applications are programmed using a client–
server modeled structure—the user ("client") is provided services through an off-site server that
is hosted by a third-party. Examples of commonly used web applications include web mail,
online retail sales, online banking, and online auctions.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) are standard Internet communications
protocols that allow digital computers to communicate over long distances. The Internet is a
packet-switched network, in which information is broken down into small packets, sent
individually over many different routes at the same time, and then reassembled at the receiving
end. TCP is the component that collects and reassembles the packets of data, while IP is
responsible for making sure the packets are sent to the right destination. TCP/IP was developed
in the 1970s.
Examples of TCP/IP services and applications:
• Bootstrap Protocol: Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) provides a dynamic method for
associating workstations with servers.
• Connecting to the Internet: If you want to connect your IBM i operating system to an
Internet service provider (ISP) or configure your operating system as a Web data
server or application server, you can use the Internet Setup wizard to connect to the
network.
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) is a TCP/IP standard that uses a central server to manage IP addresses and
other configuration details for an entire network.
• Domain Name System: Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed database system
for managing host names and their associated Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
• E-mail: Use this information to plan for, configure, use, manage, and troubleshoot e-
mail on your system.
• File Transfer Protocol: You can set up your IBM i platform to send, receive, and
share files across networks by using File Transfer Protocol (FTP). You can also
rename, add, and delete files across a network using FTP. Before you set up your
system to transfer files, you must have TCP/IP configured and started on your system.
• IP filtering and network address translation: IP filtering and network address
translation (NAT) act like a firewall to protect your internal network from intruders.
• Remote Access Services: PPP connections
• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is an Internet standard for transmitting data over serial
lines.
• Simple Network Time Protocol: Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) is a time-
maintenance application that you can use to synchronize hardware in a network.
• Telnet: Telnet is a protocol that enables you to log onto and use a remote computer as
though you were connected directly to it within the local network.
• User-defined servers: The IBM i platform supports user-defined servers. With this
support, you can add custom servers and perform administrative tasks for these
custom servers. For example, you can stop, start, or monitor a custom server in the
same way as you administer servers that are included with the operating system.
• Virtual Private Networking: A virtual private network (VPN) enables your company
to securely extend its private intranet over the existing framework of a public
network, such as the Internet. With VPN, your company can control network traffic
while providing important security features, such as authentication and data privacy.
5. Service:
Service to provide someone with something that is needed or wanted.
The term Web service (WS) is either: a service offered by an electronic device to another
electronic device, communicating with each other via the World Wide Web, or a server running
on a computer device, listening for requests at a particular port over a network, serving web
documents.
On the World Wide Web, a web service is a standardized method for propagating messages
between client and server applications. A web service commonly provides an object-oriented
Web-based interface to a database server, utilized for example by another Web server, or by a
mobile app, that provides a user interface to the end-user.
Examples: web mail, online retail sales, online banking, and online auctions.
6. Web Server:
A web server is computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP or
its secure variant HTTPS. A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates
communication by making a request for a web page or other resource using HTTP, and the
server responds with the content of that resource or an error message. A web server can also
accept, and store resources sent from the user agent if configured to do so. The hardware used to
run a web server can vary according to the volume of requests that it needs to handle.
A (hardware) web server connects to the Internet and supports physical data interchange with
other devices connected to the web.
An HTTP (software) server can be accessed through the domain names of the websites it stores,
and it delivers the content of these hosted websites to the end user's device.
Working: At the most basic level, whenever a browser needs a file that is hosted on a web
server, the browser requests the file via HTTP. When the request reaches the correct (hardware)
web server, the (software) HTTP server accepts the request, finds the requested document, and
sends it back to the browser, also through HTTP.
Examples: Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), Nginx etc.
7. Introduction to Http:
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol
suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the
foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include
hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access.
Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 and summarized in a
simple document describing the behavior of a client and a server using the first HTTP protocol
version that was named 0.9.
Working: HTTP follows a classical client-server model, with a client opening a connection to
make a request, then waiting until it receives a response. HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning
that the server does not keep any data (state) between two requests.
