10/13/2022 Pump With Flow Sensor

Instrumentation & Measurement

ME-316

Submitted By Received By
Name: Muhammad Ibrahim Name: Dr. Rafique Mansoor
Reg #: 917-FET/BSME/F20

Name: Muhammad Abdullah Signature: ___________________

Reg #: 938-FET/BSME/F20

Date: ____________________ Date: _______________________

Instrumentation & Measurement Project Report

Contents
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Problem Statement...................................................................................................................................... 4
Background & Working ............................................................................................................................. 4
Objectives..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Calculation ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Significance of project .............................................................................................................................. 12
Advantages................................................................................................................................................. 12
Disadvantages ............................................................................................................................................ 12
References .................................................................................................................................................. 12

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Abstract

In this report we are discussing the screw pump that what is screw pump? And it types then we do
analysis on the screw pump on the basis of the three main parts of the screw pump 1. Pump motor 2.
Pump screw or rotor 3. Suction and discharge pressure and its size, the main purpose of this analysis to
get more flow rate, high head pressure and low cost of electricity. In this report we do all the analysis and
at the end we manufacture the screw pump which run on the DC Voltage and gives 50ft head pressure,
30ft suction, water flow rate 2200L/H and at the we connect the flow rate sensor which takes value from
the sensor and give the data to Software through Arduino which is microcontroller.

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Introduction

A Screw Pump is a type of rotary pump, and it is a type of Mechanical devices used for different
types of fluid pumping e.g, water, oil, gases etc.
A screw pump is a positive-displacement pump that use one or several screws to move fluid
solids or liquids along the screw(s) axis. [1]
Positive Displacement Pump
A positive displacement pump is a type of pump that transfers the liquid through the action of
gears, screws, vanes, plunger, piston.
In a positive displacement pump, a specific amount of the liquid is enclosed in the compression
chamber. [2]
Types of Positive Displacement Pumps
There are three major types of positive displacement pumps
1. Linear Pump
2. Reciprocating Pump
3. Rotary Pump
But we are interested in rotary pump, so the rotary pumps are divided into following three major
types
1. Gear pump
2. Rotary vane pump
3. Screw pump
In the above types we also interested in screw pump which our goal to write a proposal on it
Flow Rate Sensor
This type of sensor measures the flow rate of fluid using Arduino program

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The water flow sensor consists of a plastic valve body, a water rotor and a hall-effect sensor.
When the water flows through the rotor, rotor rolls and the speed of it changes with a different
rate of flow. The hall-effect sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal.
This type of sensor can be found on different diameters, water pressure (MPa) and flow rate
(L/m) ranges. Make sure to select one that will cover your needs. The sensor that I have it has
20mm diameter, <1.75Mpa water pressure and ~30 L/m flow rate range.

Problem Statement
We have a screw pump in which we will change the hub size, rotor or screw size and motor
voltages. We will observe the flow rate using flow rate sensor that in which case the flow rate of
the pump increase we will note it and will manufacture it through casting etc.

Background & Working

The screw pump is the oldest positive displacement pump. The first records of a water screw, or
screw pump, dates back to Ancient Egypt before the 3rd century BC.
Types of Screw Pumps
The major types of screw pump are given bellow.
1. Single Screw Pump
2. Two Screw Pump
3. Three Screw Pump
4. Four Screw Pump
5. Five Screw Pump
In this level we are interested in in single screw pump.
This screw pump works on the principle of positive displacement and in this pump, the water or
other fluids enters into the pump through the inlet valve and flows linearly toward the outlet side
of the pump along with the interlocking screws. The small gap between the screw and the cavity
increases the fluid pressure when fluid flows through the pump.
Parts Used In This Project
• 1 x Screw Pump
• 1 x Flow Sensor
• 1 x Arduino Uno or compatible microcontroller
• 1 x Solderless Breadboard
• 1 x 10K Ohm 1/4W Resistor
• Hookup Wires - We recommend Premium Male/Male Jumper Wire
• Mounting Plate (optional)
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Schematic Diagram
This handy little diagram shows how we will be connecting
everything. Don’t worry if it looks a little overwhelming, we will
be going through this step by step!
Step 1 – Power To The Breadboard
We are going to jump right in and set up the Arduino Uno and the
breadboard right next to one another. The sensor works with
anywhere between 5-18VDC but since we are working with 5VDC
logic on the Arduino, we will just use the Arduino’s own 5V
power by way of the USB port at this time.
Start by connecting one of the jumper wires from the 5V pin on
the Arduino and running it over to the positive rail on the side of
the solderless breadboard. Next, run a wire from the Ground pin
on the Arduino over to the negative rail on the solderless
breadboard.
We now have power on the breadboard!
Step 2 – The Sensor’s Wire Harness
This particular sensor has a nice long wire harness complete with
a connector. We do not happen to have the connector laying
around but luckily, we can use our Male/Male Prototyping Wires
to connect this sensor to the breadboard. Alternatively, any long
0.100″ pitch breadboard compatible header pins could also be
used. We chose this method as it is much easier to visually follow
the wires.
The harness itself has a Red, Yellow, and Black wire. We know
from the product page that the red wire is a power wire, the
yellow wire is the output wire for the sensor, and the black wire is a ground.
Step 3 – The Pull Up Resistor
Next, we are going to use a 10K Ohm resistor (Brown, Black,
Orange) as a pull up resistor. The pull up resistor prevents a
situation where the Arduino digital input pin ends up floating
(think of this as the input not definitively being on or off). When
an input is floating it may hold the last value, it may flip
between off and on, quite random – generally not a good thing
when we are trying to tell if it is on or off!
Bend the legs of the resistor and placed it between the positive

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5V rail on the breadboard and a row of pins. We are also going to go ahead and extend the
sensor’s wire harness by plugging jumper wires into the connector.
Step 4 – Connecting The Sensor
In the last step we extended the sensor’s wire harness – we
can now plug these jumper wires into the breadboard. The
Black wire is the sensor ground and should be connected to
the negative (ground) rail on the breadboard. The Red wire
should be connected to the positive 5V rail to give the sensor
power. The yellow wire should be plugged into the same
row as the pull up resistor we added last step – this is the
output from the sensor.
We are just about there!
Step 5 – The Final Connection
We have one last wire to add – this connects the pull up resistor
and the sensor output to the Arduino’s digital input. In this
example we will be using an interrupt pin so we will need to use
pin 2 on the Arduino Uno. If you are using a different Arduino,
please consult this table to see what pins are available!

Step 6 – Double Check And Plug It In!

Before we give the Arduino power it is always a good idea to
go over all of the connections to make sure there are no wires
in the wrong spot – sometimes that can make for a very
expensive mistake!
One way to avoid this problem is good wire color discipline.
In other words, decide on a purpose for each color of wire and stick to them! In this example all
5V power are red wires, all grounds are black wires, and yellow are signal wires. This way, if
you ever see a red wire going to a black wire you will know right away that something isn’t quite
right!
Step 7 - Starting The Code
Now that we have finished with the
hookup we need to start writing some code.
We will be using the Arduino IDE, this is
available from
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
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We will start with the “BareMinimum” sketch found by clicking “File” and selecting Examples /
Basic / BareMinimum. This sketch is a great starting point as it includes the Setup and Loop
functions – we will write the rest!
Step 8 – Understanding How To Read The Sensor
We know that this sensor will output a pulse to Arduino pin 2 every
time the flapper rotates and every and that every rotation means
2.25mL of fluid has passed the sensor so calculating the flow rate is
really just a matter of counting the revolutions per minute and
multiplying by 2.25mL

So, what is the best way to count RPM with an Arduino? In this
case the interrupt pin is going to be very useful. Interrupts have a
very appropriate name – they allow you to perform a task (run a segment of code) the moment a
signal is received, meaning they are great when you are trying to count pulses from a sensor.
Using interrupts is easy – lets get to it!
Step 9 - Writing The Code
int flowPin = 2; //This is the input pin on the Arduino
double flowRate; //This is the value we intend to calculate.
volatile int count; //This integer needs to be set as volatile to ensure it
updates correctly during the interrupt process.

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(flowPin, INPUT); //Sets the pin as an input
attachInterrupt(0, Flow, RISING); //Configures interrupt 0 (pin 2 on the
Arduino Uno) to run the function "Flow"
Serial.begin(9600); //Start Serial
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
count = 0; // Reset the counter so we start counting from 0 again
interrupts(); //Enables interrupts on the Arduino
delay (1000); //Wait 1 second
noInterrupts(); //Disable the interrupts on the Arduino

//Start the math

flowRate = (count * 2.25); //Take counted pulses in the last second and
multiply by 2.25mL
flowRate = flowRate * 60; //Convert seconds to minutes, giving you mL /
Minute
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flowRate = flowRate / 1000; //Convert mL to Liters, giving you Liters /

Minute

Serial.println(flowRate); //Print the variable flowRate to Serial

}

void Flow()
{
count++; //Every time this function is called, increment "count" by 1
}

Step 10 – Upload The Code And Test

Objectives
In this project our objective is given bellow
1. Changing hub size
2. Changing rotor or screw size
3. Changing motor voltage
4. Measuring the flow rate using flow rate sensor
We will change all theses in pump and will note the flow rate of the fluid on each case and at the
end will manufacture the pump.

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Instrumentation & Measurement Project Report

Calculation

Motor Watt Change

Modified Screw Pump Calculation

Discharge Pressure
Size PD (N/m2) 100000 Discharge Q (m3/s) 0.00033
Max. Working Head Preasure H 13.8028765
Series Preasure 185 (m) 2
Hydraulic Power Ph
Serial No. Motor Input Pa (W) 90 (W) 44.55
Density ρwater Break Horsepower
Model (kg/m3) 997 BHP 2.1326E-08
10.2 Suction Pressure
Roter 4 g (m/s2) 9.81 (N/m2) -35000
Motor Specific Gravity 0.9975 Pump Efficiency 53.8043478
Efficiency ɳmotor 0.92 SGwater 6 ɳpump (%) 3

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Suction Pressure Change

Modified Centrifugal Pump Calculation

RPM : 1800rev/m
Discharge Pressure
Size PD (N/m2) 100000 Discharge Q (m3/s) 0.00033
Max. Working Head Preasure H 13.2916588
Series Preasure 185 (m) 7
Hydraulic Power Ph
Serial No. Motor Input Pa (W) 108 (W) 42.9
Density ρwater Break Horsepower 2.55912E-
Model (kg/m3) 997 BHP 08
10.2 Suction Pressure
2
Roter 4 g (m/s ) 9.81 (N/m2) -30000
Motor Specific Gravity 0.9975 Pump Efficiency
Efficiency ɳmotor 0.92 SGwater 6 ɳpump (%) 43.1763285

Discharge Pressure Change

Modified Screw Pump Calculation
RPM : 1800rev/m
Discharge Pressure
Size PD (N/m2) 10000 Discharge Q (m3/s) 0.00033
Max. Working Head Preasure H
Series Preasure 185 (m) 4.60095884
Hydraulic Power Ph
Serial No. Motor Input Pa (W) 190 (W) 14.85
Density ρwater Break Horsepower 4.50216E-
Model (kg/m3) 997 BHP 08
10.2 Suction Pressure
Roter 4 g (m/s2) 9.81 (N/m2) -35000
Motor Specific Gravity 0.9975 Pump Efficiency 8.49542334
Efficiency ɳmotor 0.92 SGwater 6 ɳpump (%) 1

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RPM Change
Modified Screw Pump Calculation

Discharge Pressure
Size PD (N/m2) 10000 Discharge Q (m3/s) 0.00033
Max. Working Head Preasure H
Series Preasure 185 (m) 10
Hydraulic Power Ph
Serial No. Motor Input Pa (W) 60 (W) 32.275881
Density ρwater Break Horsepower 1.42174E-
Model (kg/m3) 997 BHP 08
10.2 Suction Pressure
Roter 4 g (m/s2) 9.81 (N/m2) -35000
Motor Specific Gravity 0.9975 Pump Efficiency 58.4707989
Efficiency ɳmotor 0.92 SGwater 6 ɳpump (%) 1

Roter Change
Modified Screw Pump Calculation
RPM : 1800rev/m
Discharge Pressure PD 0.00027777
Size (N/m2) 1000 Discharge Q (m3/s) 8
Max. Working Head Preasure H
Series Preasure 185 (m) 8
Hydraulic Power Ph 21.7346173
Serial No. Motor Input Pa (W) 190 (W) 9
Density ρwater Break Horsepower 4.50216E-
Model (kg/m3) 997 BHP 08
Suction Pressure
Roter 6 g (m/s2) 9.81 (N/m2) -350
Motor Efficiency 0.9 Specific Gravity 0.9975 Pump Efficiency 12.4339916
ɳmotor 2 SGwater 6 ɳpump (%) 4

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Conclusion
Orignal Screw Pump Calculation
RPM : 1800rev/m
Discharge Pressure
Size PD (N/m2) 100000 Discharge Q (m3/s) 0.0006111
Max. Working Head Preasure H
Series Preasure 185 (m) 15.24
Hydraulic Power Ph 91.0880524
Serial No. Motor Input Pa (W) 108 (W) 2
Density ρwater Break Horsepower 2.55912E-
3
Model (kg/m ) 997 BHP 08
10.2 Suction Pressure
2
Roter 4 g (m/s ) 9.81 (N/m2) -49055.8868
Motor
Efficiency Specific Gravity 0.9975 Pump Efficiency 91.6747709
ɳmotor 0.92 SGwater 6 ɳpump (%) 6

Significance of project
Significance of the project is making such a pump which give more flow rate with low cast

Advantages
1. Simple in structure.
2. These pumps are easy to maintain.
3. Progressive cavity pumps can be used for all fluids
4. Very high pumping speed
5. Noiseless

Disadvantages
The main disadvantage of this pump is that that it locks due to fraction of the rubber when it run
dry.

References
[1] [email protected]
[2] instrumentationtools.com

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