Computer Concepts and Application

Today’s Technology:

 We should be digitally literate.

 Digitally literate means knowing computer, web, mobile, and related technologies.
Computer:

 Electronic device
 Process data according to the set of instructions.
Input Process Output
Input: through input devices (Keyboard, Microphone, Mouse, Trackball…..)
Processes: process the data send by input devices
Output: through output devices (Printer, Monitor, screens……)
Example: capturing a picture

 Input: pressing the button on the top

 Process: it captures and stores a picture
 Output: the image is shown on the screen
Computer and Mobile Devices:
Types of computer and mobile devices include:

 Laptop, tablets, and desktop

 Servers and terminals: server is a computer that provides services to other computers on
a network for example mobile app.
Rack server:
 To store multiple servers in a rack structure.
 Used to coordinate, protect, and store data
Tower server:
  Built in an upright cabinet that stands alone.
Blade server:
  A blade server consists of a chassis or box-like structure. They are called
blades because of their ultra-thin shape
Mainframe: they are powerful servers that can handle thousands of computer users
simultaneously.
For example Airline reservation system
Supercomputers: they are the most powerful computer that is capable of processing
thousands of instructions in a single second.
Cloud computing: refer to an environment that provides resources and services accessed
via the internet.
 Smartphones, digital cameras, e-book readers, portable and digital media players,
and wearable devices
Smartphones:
 Internet-capable phone.
 Touch screen
  Different types of keyboards
1) On screen keyboard
2) Mini Keyboard
3) Keypad
4) Slide out keyboard
5) Portable keyboard
 Games devices
Game console: mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video
games. For example, joystick, game pad.
Handheld game devices: mobile devices that contain screens, speakers, and controls. For
example, PSP
 Embedded computers: not the same as how they are used at home or the office they
have different industry requirements. Examples such as an in-vehicle computer
(ambulance).
 Consumer electronics: refrigerator, microwaves, washing machine, MP3 player, USB,
Bluetooth, video games, digital watches and etc.
 Home automation devices: sensors(smoke detector), actuators (lighting, fan/motor,
entertainment), security monitoring
 Automobiles: air bad system, navigation system, cruise control.
 Process controllers and robotics: power monitors, medical devices
 Computer devices and office machines: keyboards, printers, copiers, fax
 Data: raw fact example: 20, 30.
 Information: a collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond
the facts themselves. For example marks of suhah 20, marks of Hammad 30.
 Process: a set of logically related tasks. For example, steps were taken by someone to
clean a kitchen.
 Knowledge: is defined as what is learned, understood, or aware of. For example, learning
the alphabet, and counting.
 Characteristics of valuable information:
 If an organization’s information is not accurate or complete so people can make poor
decisions, costing thousands, or even millions of dollars.
 Depending on the type of data you need.
1) Accessible: easily accessible by an authorized user.
2) Accurate: error-free
3) Complete: should contain all important facts.
4) Economical: economical to produce.
5) Flexible: information can be used for a variety of purposes.
For example information on how much inventory is on hand for a particular
i. Sale: in closing a sale
ii. Production manager: to determine whether more inventory needed
iii. Financial executive: to determine the total value the company has invested in
inventory.
6) Relevant: it is very important to have relevant information. For example, a
restaurant will have information related to food items not the types of clothes.
7) Reliable:
 Information can be trusted by users.
  Reliability of data collection: you measure the temperature of a liquid sample
several times under identical conditions. The thermometer displays the same
temperature every time, so the results are reliable.
 Source of information: A banker can give the information of an account holder
but cannot give information of a walk-in customer.
8) Secure: secure from unauthorized users.
9) Simple: should be simple, not complex. Detailed information is not needed.
10) Timely: timely information is delivered when needed. For example, knowing last
week’s weather conditions will not help when trying to decide what coat to wear.
11) Verified: make sure the information is correct.
Data and Information:
1) Keyboard: contains keys that help in entering data and instructions into a computer or
mobile.
2) Pointing Device (Mouse): input device that controls a cursor on the screen and can help to
choose text, icons, files, and folders.
3) Microphone: Some mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data instructions
using voice input and to capture live full motions using video input
4) Scanner: A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images
into a form the computer can process
5) Output devices: receive data from a computer to display an image, print a document, or
play a song.
6) Printer: A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical
medium, such as paper or other material
A 3-D printer can print solid objects, such as clothing, prosthetics, eyewear, implants,
toys, parts, prototypes, and more
7) Display: an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information
8) Speaker: Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music, voice, and other sounds
 Earbuds
 Headphones
 Memory: store instruction waiting to be executed. CD, USB, memory card,
 Storage media: A computer keeps data, instructions, and information. CD ROM, DVD
ROM.
 Storage devices: read and write items to form storage media. RAM/ROM, floppy disk.

Programs and Apps:

Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform
them.
System software:
 Operating system: windows, apple ios, apple macOS, android
 Tools: git hub.
Applications: Microsoft office, google meet, Skype, chrome
1. Installing a program is a process of setting up the program to work with the computer, mobile
device, printer, and/or other hardware
2. Once installed, you can run a program so that you can interact with it.
3. You interact with a program through its user interface
4. For example, food panda.
Technology uses:
1. Education
2. Government finance
3. Retail
4. Entertainment
5. Health care
6. Science
7. Travel
8. Publishing
9. Manufacturing
Technology users:
1. Home users
2. Small/home office users
3. Mobile users
4. Power user
5. Enterprise user

Internet:
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
How internet was born?
 1969 ARPANET becomes functional
 1984 ARPANET has more than 1,000 individual computers linked as hosts.
 Today Millions of hosts connect to the Internet
Connecting to the Internet:
 With wired connections, a computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a
communications device.
 Computers without a communications device can use a wireless modem or other
communications device that enables wireless connectivity.

An IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies each computer or device

connected to the Internet.
A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to the IP address.
A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address.
Types of website:
1. Search engines
2. Online social network
3. Informational and research
4. Media sharing
5. Bookmarking
6. News, weather, sports and other mass media
7. Education
8. Entertainment
9. Business
10. Banking and finance
11. Travel and tourism
 Computer Concepts and Application
Lecture # 02
Program/software: A software program is commonly defined as a set of instructions, or a set
of modules or procedures, that allow for a certain type of computer operation.