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9 - Geo - Earths Structure Notes

The document summarizes the structure of the Earth. It describes that the Earth has three main layers - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid rock layer that makes up 1% of the Earth's mass. Below is the mantle, which occupies 84% of the Earth's volume and is divided into the upper and lower mantle. The innermost layer is the core, which is comprised of molten nickel and iron and responsible for the Earth's magnetic field. Seismic waves and volcanic materials provide evidence about the composition and properties within each layer.

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2K views4 pages

9 - Geo - Earths Structure Notes

The document summarizes the structure of the Earth. It describes that the Earth has three main layers - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid rock layer that makes up 1% of the Earth's mass. Below is the mantle, which occupies 84% of the Earth's volume and is divided into the upper and lower mantle. The innermost layer is the core, which is comprised of molten nickel and iron and responsible for the Earth's magnetic field. Seismic waves and volcanic materials provide evidence about the composition and properties within each layer.

Uploaded by

Mahesh k K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE NEW CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH SCHOOL [ICSE], R.P.C.

LAYOUT, BANGALORE
Affiliated to the Council of Indian School Certificate Examinations
Class : IX GEOGRAPHY : EARTH’S STRUCTURE

Syllabus:
Earths structure :
➢ Core – mantle – crust
➢ Meaning , Extent and their composition

Introduction
➢ The knowledge of the Interior of the Earth is known from :
• Study of sesmic waves
• Material thrown up by volcanoes
• Evidence from the theories by the origin of earth.

➢ Sesmic waves or Earthquake waves:


• P – waves : reach the surface of the earth.

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• S – waves : Do not pass through liquids. Earthquake waves helps
to know the density, pressure and temperature.

➢ The volcanic products also reveals the interior of the earth.

Structure of Earth
➢ The outer layer of the Earth is crust [Lithosphere]
➢ Part of crust immersed under ocean. [Hydrosphere]
➢ Blanket of gases surrounding the earth [Atmosphere]

Chemical composion
➢ Lithosphere is divided into two : sial , sima
➢ SIAL – represent silica and Aluminium floats over Sima due to less
density.
➢ SIMA – represents silica and magnesium form the ocean floor. ➢
NIFE – represents Nickle and Iron – Forms crust.

Internal composition of Earth


➢ The Earth has three layers : CRUST, MANTLE, CORE

CRUST – LITHOSPEHRE
➢ Comprises of stoner and rocks [ 1% of the Earths mass]
➢ 60 kms – Below high mtr – 5 to 10 kms below ocean.
➢ Temperature increases according to the depth.
➢ The transition between crust and mantle is called Moho discontinuity.
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To Know
➢ Moho Discountinuty is 38 kms below continents 8kms below oceans.
➢ It has characteristics of both crust and mantle.

MANTLE
➢ This lies below crust
➢ Mantle is divided into 2 parts.
➢ Upper mantle or outer mantle
➢ Lower or inner mantle
➢ Its Aug thickness is 2900 kms [84% of Earths vol.]
➢ Lower Mantle is 700 – 2700 km thick – Molten denses
➢ Upper mantle is 700 kms thick – made of solid rocks.
➢ The molten zone of the mantle at a depth of 400 kms is known as
Asthenosphere.
➢ The temperature ranges between 1000° c to 3700°c
➢ The transition between crust and mantle is Gutenberg discontinuity. P
waves slow down in this zone where as S – waves reflect back.

CORE
➢ It is centre most part of the earth.
➢ It is also divided into – Inner core, Outer core.
➢ It is 7000 km in diameter
➢ The range of temperature is 4000°C to 6000°C
➢ It comprises of NIFE which is responsible for earth magnitude. ➢ S –
waves reflect back before entering core which proves that the core is in
molten state.

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