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Physics Final

1) The document discusses key concepts in kinematics including displacement, distance, velocity, speed, and acceleration. It defines these terms and distinguishes between them. 2) Displacement refers to the straight-line distance and direction between initial and final positions, while distance refers to the total length of the path taken. Displacement depends only on start and end points, not the path. 3) Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction, while speed only refers to distance over time and is a scalar quantity. Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity.

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Fiery Rosey
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35 views

Physics Final

1) The document discusses key concepts in kinematics including displacement, distance, velocity, speed, and acceleration. It defines these terms and distinguishes between them. 2) Displacement refers to the straight-line distance and direction between initial and final positions, while distance refers to the total length of the path taken. Displacement depends only on start and end points, not the path. 3) Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction, while speed only refers to distance over time and is a scalar quantity. Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity.

Uploaded by

Fiery Rosey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS_FINAL

 KINEMATIC EQUATIONS OF MOTION


 DISPLACEMENT VERSUS DISTANCE
Kinematic Equations of Motion
The study of motion is divided into
 kinematics
 dynamics.
Kinematics
- describes motion in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
Dynamics
- is study of force in relation to motion.
Translation
- is the term used in physics for motion in a straight line.
- It commonly describe the three quantities:
o Displacement
o Velocity
o Acceleration

Displacement versus Distance


 To describe the motion of an object, the exact location of the object must be determined.
A position
- refers to the location of an object with respect to a reference point or origin.
Ex.
The house can be set as the origin, and the initial position of the students is set at X˳=0. He walked to the
school 100 m away from his house in 80 s. His final position X is now 100 m to the east of initial
position.
- The changes in the student’s position is called displacement, written as ∆x.
Displacement
- refers to the straight – line distance between an object’s initial and final positions, with direction toward
the final position.
- In symbols, ∆x=X - X˳
∆x = change in position or displacement
X = final position
X˳ = initial position
Distance
- refers to the total length of path taken by an object in moving from its initial to final position.
Suppose the student went back from school to his house.
The total distance he traveled is 200 m.
The displacement is zero (0).
Since displacement depends only on the initial and final positions, not on the actual length of path taken
by the student.

 Magnitude of Displacement
- does not necessarily equal distance.
 Distance
- is a scalar quantity since it is described by its magnitude only.
 Displacement
- is described by both magnitude and direction; it is therefore a vector quantity.
Example:
Starting from the church, a procession has to take the following route: 50 m, north; 40 m, east; and 60 m,
north. To go back, it has to follow the same route but in the opposite direction.
A. What is the total distance traveled?
B. What is the total displacement?
Speed versus Velocity
Speed and Velocity
- are used interchangeably in everyday situations.
Speed
- is the distance traveled by a body in a given time.
- is a scalar quantity.
Velocity
- is the time rate of change of position.
- It is the displacement of a body in a specified time interval.
- is a vector quantity.
 meter per second.
- the SI unit for speed and velocity.
Average speed
- is the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed.
Instantaneous speed
- is the speed at a particular moment in time.
Average velocity
- is the displacement divided by the total time elapsed and instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a
specific instant of time.
Speed and Velocity
- refers to the instantaneous speed and instantaneous velocity.
In symbols, average velocity v is equal to
v = X - X˳ = ∆x
t - t˳ ∆t
X˳ and t˳ are set o be equal to zero.
V= x
t
• Acceleration
- is the rate of change of velocity.
• Since velocity is a vector quantity, a change in velocity can be a change in magnitude, a change in
direction, or change in both magnitude and direction.
• Straight-Line Motion with Constant Acceleration
- the simplest type of accelerated motion is
• In this type of motion, the velocity changes by equal amounts in a specified time interval.
In equation form,
α=∆v = v-v˳
∆t t

 The instantaneous acceleration


The average velocity of an object moving with constant acceleration may be obtained by getting the sum of
two velocities and dividing by two (2).
V= v + v˳
2

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