Rajshahi University of Engineering &Technology

LAB Report

Course No. : EEE 3212

Course Tittle: Power System I Sessional

Experiment number: 05
Experiment Name: Load flow analysis by Gauss-Seidal method using MATLAB.

Submitted To:
Md. Rashidul Islam
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
RUET
Submitted By:
Md. Masud Alam
Roll: 1801074
Department of EEE, RUET.
Experiment No.: 05
Experiment Name: Load flow analysis by Gauss-Seidal method using MATLAB.
Objectives:
 To perform Gauss-Seidal method in MATLAB
 To analyze the process to determine the node voltage
 To understand the necessity of this method in power system
Theory:
Load flow study is very important for determining the node voltage in a power system. The
Gauss seidal method is one of the important type of load flow study. The method is described
below. There may remain two types of bus in a system. One is generator bus and another is
load bus. In load flow study one bus is taken as slack bus. In this case the generator bus is taken
as slack bus.
The n complex equations that describe the power injected into an n node power system are
n
Si= ∑ V i Y ¿ik V ¿k
K=1

The node voltage of a system can be found using the following equations:

[ ]
n
1 Si
V i= −∑ Y ¿ V ¿ for i=1,2, ……..,n
Y ii V i K =1 ik k
K ≠i

The following points are to be noted while solving the load flow problem using the above
equation.
If we take node 1 as reference/slack bus bar, V 1 is completely known beforehand. So, the load
flow problem now reduces to solving only (n-1) complex equations to obtain V2 , Vn
So keeping all this thing in mind the node voltage can be calculated by using the above
described process so it is very important

Command Used:

Command Description
clc clears the command window and homes the cursor
clear all removes items from MATLAB workspace and resets
MuPAD engine
cd() Specifies the full path to change the current folder
from any location to the Excel Works directory for
MATLAB, assuming that MATLAB is installed on
your C: drive
 z =xlsread('') Reads Microsoft spreadsheet file named
'Ybus'into Numeric Matrix, z
d=sum(y,2) creates a matrix (here matrix, d) and compute the
value
input Takes the value as input
Zeros Makes the zero matrix here
Angle angle is a MATLAB function that returns the phase
angles in radians
imag imag(z) returns the imaginary part of z

Algorithm for Gauss Seidal method:

1. Initialize all the elements of the bus admittance matrix to zero
2. Change the directory to read data from excel file using following command
Cd (‘ File location’)
3. Then Read the data given from the excel file using the following command
Xlsread (‘ File Name’)
4. The length of the matrix is measured
5. Here the generation of the impedance by following loop
for j=1:n
Z(A(j,1),A(j,2))= A(j,3)+A(j,4)*i
6. To make the matrix symmetric the following command is given
Z(A(j,2),A(j,1))= A(j,3)+A(j,4)*i
7. So the Z matrix is generated
8. Then again length of the Z matrix is measured, m= length(z)
9. Now where the impudence is infinite is given following
for j=1:m
for k=1:m ; if Z(j,k)==0 then there infinity is given
10. Here inversing the Z matrix the admittance is found
Y=1/.Z
11. For determining the diagonal element the values are summed
P=sum(Y,2)
12. for loop is again started to obtain the off diagonal element
for 1:m
for j=1:m
if i~=j ; Y(i,j)= -Y(I,j)
else Y(i,j)=p(i)
13. Finally the Ybus matrix is found
14. Rewriting the equation as follows:
XK = gk ( x1, x2 , …………, xn ) for k =1, 2, ……….,n
15. The apparent power can be calculated by the following equation
 n
Si= ∑ V i Y ¿ik V ¿k
K=1

16. The node voltage can be calculated by using the following equation

[ ]
n
1 Si
Y ii V i K∑
¿ ¿
V i= − Y ik V k for i=1,2, ……..,n
=1
K ≠i

17. Choosing the starting values of x1, x2 , …………, xn as x10 , x20 , …………, xn0
18. Taking iteration count i=0
19. Getting the new values of x1i+1 , x2i+1 , …………, xni+1 (which are better than x1i , x2i
, …………, xni and closer to the required solution) from the following equations.
Xki+1 = gk ( x1i , x2i , …………, xni ) for k =1, 2, ……….,n

20. If | xki+1 – xki | for all k = 1,2,……… n is less than the specified tolerance, then go
to next step(22) otherwise go to step (21)
21. Taking i= i+1 and going to step (17)
22. a ng2 ← angle(V k )
ia
23. if Pg ←0 , V k ←V o e
k
ng

24. V 1 ←∨V ∨¿
V −z
25. E ←∨ ∨¿
V
26. if E<← 10−3 break
27. Print result and stop

Given System :
 Figure: Three node system

Data in Excel file 1:

Bus Bus R X
1 2 0.05 0.25
1 3 0.04 0.2
2 3 0.03 0.15

Data in Excel file 2:

Bus |v| Pg Qg Pl Ql Angle

1 1.03 0 0 0 0 0
2 1.02 0.8 0 0.4 0.3 0
3 1 0 0 1 0.8 0