BUSINESS STATISTICS AS

8.     On an average, one in 400 items is defective. If the items are packed in boxes of 100
given box of items will contain: (i) no defectives, (ii) less than two defectives, (iii) one or m
three defectives.

Answers: Here, p := the probability of getting defective boxes and given tha

(i) P(x=0) 0.778557039589719

(ii) P(x<2) P(x=0) + P(x=1) 0.973684

(iii) P(x>=1) 1-P(x<=0) 0.221443

(iv) P(x>3) 1-P(x<=3) 0.000126

 BUSINESS STATISTICS ASSIGNMENT 2

f the items are packed in boxes of 100, what is the probability that any
less than two defectives, (iii) one or more defectives and (iv) more than
three defectives.

getting defective boxes and given that p = 1/400 and n = 100. We use the Binomial Distribution as n, p is finite and small.
finite and small.
 9.     A workshop produces 2000 units of an item per day. The average weight of u
deviation of 10 kg. Assuming normal distribution, how many units are expected

Answers: Given, mean = 130 and standard deviation = 10.

P(x<=142) 0.88493

Then, expected number of units weighing less than 142 kg is

er day. The average weight of units is 130 kg with a standard
, how many units are expected to weigh less than 142 kg?

tandard deviation = 10.

s weighing less than 142 kg is 1770 units.

 10.     If the probability of defective bolts be 1/10, find the following for the binomial distribution o
in a total of 400 bolts: (a) mean, (b) standard deviation. (c) What is the probability of atmost 50 def
What is the probability of 50 to 100 defective bolts.

Answers: Given, the probability of getting defective bolts, p = 1/10 and n = 400. We know th

(a) Mean 40

(b) Standard Deviation = 6

(c) P(x<=50) 0.956355571802205

(d) P(50<=x<=100) P(x<=100)-P(x<=50) 0.04364443

he binomial distribution of defective bolts
obability of atmost 50 defective bolts. (d)
tive bolts.

and n = 400. We know that the Binomial Distribution has Mean = np and Standard Deviation = sqrt(np(1-p)). Then,
p)). Then,
 11. The amount of time consumed by an individual at a bank ATM is found to be normally
a) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual w
b) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual w
c) Within what length of time do 20 percent of individ
d) What is the least amount of time required for individu

Answer: We have the mean = 130 and the standard deviation =

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
of time consumed by an individual at a bank ATM is found to be normally distributed with mean 130 seconds and standard deviation 45 se
a) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual will consume less than 100 seconds at the ATM?
b) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual will spend between 2 to 3 minutes at the ATM?
c) Within what length of time do 20 percent of individuals complete their job at the ATM?
d) What is the least amount of time required for individuals with top 5 percent of required time?

We have the mean = 130 and the standard deviation = 45

P(x<100) 0.252492537546923

P(120<x<180) = P(x<180) - P(x<120) 0.454669289226552

Area: 0.20
So the required length of time is 92.1270444892189

Area: 0.95 as the least amount of time is required (i.e. 1-.05)

So the length of time is 204.018413212816
onds and standard deviation 45 seconds.
ds at the ATM?
es at the ATM?
ATM?
ed time?
 12.     The incidence of occupational disease in an industry is such that the workers
have a 20 % chance of suffering from it. What is the probability that out of 6 workers
4 or more will suffer from disease?

Answer: We use the Binomial Distribution for this problem as the Sam
n = 6 and p = 0.2

We have to calculate, P(x>=4).

P(x>=4) 1-P(x<4) 0.017 the required probability that t

from the dise
dustry is such that the workers
robability that out of 6 workers
sease?

tion for this problem as the Sample space is finite.

the required probability that the workers will suffer

from the disease.
13.     The incidence of occupational disease in an industry is such that the workers h
chance of suffering from it. What is the probability that out of six workers 4 or mo
come in contact of the disease?

Answer: We use the Binomial Distribution for this problem as the Sam
n = 6 and p = 0.2

We have to calculate, P(x>=4).

P(x>=4) 1-P(x<4) 0.017 the required probability that the

in contact of the di
uch that the workers have 20%
of six workers 4 or more will

is problem as the Sample space is finite.

ed probability that the workers will come

in contact of the disease.
14. 10 % bolts produced by a machine are defective. Find the probabili
they are checked at random by examining samples
a) None is defective
b) One is defective
c) At most one is defective

Answer: Since the samples are finite we use the Bino

(a) P(x=0) 0.59049

(b) P(x=1) 0.32805

(c) P(x<=1) 0.91854

 e defective. Find the probability of the following when
andom by examining samples of 5:
None is defective
One is defective
most one is defective

ples are finite we use the Binomial Distribution. Given, the probability of getting defective machines, p = 10% and n = 5.
 15. Bits are sent over a communications channel in packets of 12. If the probability of a bit being c
channel is 0.1 and such errors are independent, what is the probability that no more than 2 bits
corrupted?
a) If 6 packets are sent over the channel, what is the probability that at least one packet will co
corrupted bits?
b) Let X denote the number of packets containing 3 or more corrupted bits. What is the probabilit
its mean by more than 2 standard deviations?

Answer: Here, we use the Binomial Distribution as the Sample space is finite. Given, n = 12 and p = 0.1

So, the probability of no more than 2 bits in the packet is corrupted is p = P(x<=2)

(a) Then the probability of a packet containing 3 or more corrupted bits is 1-p = 1-0.88913 = 0.111.

Let Y be the number of packets containing 3 or more corrupted bits. Then by the Binomia
= 6 and p = 0.111 we have the probability that atleast one packet containing 3 or more
P(y>=1) = 1 - P(y<1) = 1 - P(y=0).

Then, 1 - P(y=0) 0.50636

(b) The Mean of Y is µ = np = 6(0.111) = 0.666 and its Standard Deviation is σ = sqrt(n
So, the probability that Y exceeds its mean by more than 2 standard deviations is P(Y-µ
As Y is discrete, this is equal to P(Y=y>=3) 1 - P(y<3) 0.0211092199453144
obability of a bit being corrupted over this
hat no more than 2 bits in a packet are

least one packet will contain 3 or more

s. What is the probability that X will exceed

tions?

Given, n = 12 and p = 0.1.

0.88913

1-0.88913 = 0.111.

ts. Then by the Binomial Distribution with n

et containing 3 or more corrupted bits is
y=0).

d Deviation is σ = sqrt(np(1-p)) = sqrt(6(0.111)(0.889)) = 0.7694

dard deviations is P(Y-µ > 2σ) = P(Y>2.2)
 16. A quality control engineer is in charge of testing whether or not 90% of the DVD players
conform to specifications. To do this, the engineer randomly selects a batch of 12 DVD players f
The day's production is acceptable provided no more than 1 DVD player fails to meet specificati
day's production has to be tested.
a) What is the probability that the engineer incorrectly passes a day's production as accepta
DVD players conform to specifications?
b) What is the probability that the engineer unnecessarily requires the entire day's productio
of the DVD players conform to specifications?

Answer 16 :- We use the Binomial Distribution as the sample is finite. Here n = 12.

(a) Here, the probability that the engineer incorrectly passes a day's production is p = 0.2. So, we ha
P(x<=1) 0.275

(b) Here, the probability that the engineer unnecessary requires the production to be tested is p = 0
P(x>1) 1-P(x<=1) 0.341
ot 90% of the DVD players produced by his company
a batch of 12 DVD players from each day's production.
ayer fails to meet specifications. Otherwise, the entire
be tested.
ay's production as acceptable if only 80% of the day's
ecifications?
the entire day's production to be tested if in fact 90%
specifications?

duction is p = 0.2. So, we have

duction to be tested is p = 0.1. So, we have