PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION organization into correct sentence sequence

and the cohesiveness in the sentences. The

 Purposive Communication is about information in writing is considered more legal
writing, speaking, and presenting to and valid than the spoken words. But, however,
different audiences unlike verbal communication in the feedback of
written communication is not immediate since
and for various purposes.
it is not spontaneous and requires time to get
 Purposive Communication develops into the understandable form.
students’ communicative competence
and enhances  Communication is necessary for
their cultural and intercultural individuals to express themselves and
to fulfill basic needs. Without the ability
awareness through multimodal tasks
to communicate and understand each
that provide them other, there would be chaos.
opportunities for communicating  Communication that is based on
effectively and appropriately to a cultural understanding is more apt to
multicultural audience prevent misunderstandings caused by
in a local or global context. personal biases and prejudices.
 (Oxford Advanced Learner’s
LESSON I: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, Dictionary). Groenbeck (1990) also
PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS defines communication as the glue that
holds together societies: the withness
 Communication models are authentic part of the Latin term cum-munis (to
outcomes of systematic study of various work publicly together with).
 The first major model for
aspects of communication. A model of communication came in 1949 by Claude
communication gives a wholesome Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver
understanding of a system or structure which for Bell Laboratories.
people can understand similar systems or
structure. As communicating is a rigid process  Sender (S) The sender, in other words
to understand, communication model can be an also called the source or encoder, is the
essential source to understand such rigidity. one from whom the thought originates.
Models predict for more effective He is the one who transfers the
communication in future and they also predict information to the receiver after
the success or failure of a particular carefully processing and putting his
communication process. thoughts into words.
 Message (M) When an individual
The Written Communication converts his thoughts into words, a
message is created. The process is also
 refers to the process of conveying a
called as encoding. The message may
message through the written symbol. In
be verbal, non-verbal (facial expressions
other words, any message exchanged
or gestures) or graphic (writings,
between two or more persons that
symbols, signs or pictures).
make use of written words is called as
 Channel (C) Channel actually refers to
written communication.
the medium how the information flows
 The effectiveness of written content
from the sender to the receiver. All the
depends on the correct choice of
five senses are channels which help
words, their
human
beings to communicate with each other. The communication interferences that may get in
clarity and relevance of the sent message the way of the communicator’s reception and
depend upon the communicator’s use of interpretation of the message.
effective communication channel.
 Psychological Barriers
 Receiver (R) The decoder of the
message is the receiver. This is also A circle will not fit well with a square peg. In the
called as decoding. Effective same manner, people commonly are not too
communication takes place when the receptive of ideas that do not sit well with their
receiver is on the same platform as the own beliefs. The common terms for this is
speaker resulting to a smooth flow of prejudice.
information and better understanding
For example: Sometimes we fail to listen to the
of the message.
advice given to us not because we do not want
 Noise (N) The efficacy of the
to ascribe to the principle but because we do
communication process is impacted by
not believe in the integrity of the person giving
how much noise there is. Noise may be
us the advice.
internal or external. Internal noise can
be psychological in nature such as  Language Barriers
nagging thought in your mind while you
are in the middle of communicating Words mean different things to different
with another. Semantic noise is another people.
type of noise that has something to do
with the way the receiver understands 1. Improper use of words may confuse listeners
the context of the message and may result to undesirable behavior or
unfavorable reception on the part of the
Physical Barriers listeners. Better communication entails the use
of correct and precise word depending
These are environmental elements that affect a oncontext and the communicator’s facility in
person’s ability to process or convey the use of language.
information.
Principles of Ethical Communications
For example:
These are a myriad of core principles associated
1. Have you ever experienced striking a with ethical communications, with the core
conversation with your dance partner while value of honesty that all other values are
loud music is blaring from the sound system? connected to. However, it is said that there is a
value underlying honesty (with regards to
Physiological Barriers
ethical communication) and that is emotional
These are bodily or organic characteristics of intelligence/empathy as the precursor of all soft
the speaker or listeners that interfere with the skills, which allows all personnel to be
transmission or reception of information. understood, and to effectively communicate
with others.
For example:

Emotional distress may affect a person’s

concentration making it difficult for the person
to be attentive to a conversation. Physical pains
are also
1. Be Truthful and Honest communication. A listener may miss the
meaning altogether if the tone is wrong, which
Being honest means communicating what is can lead to unnecessary confrontations that
known to be true (only 100 percent the facts) to decrease business productivity.
a listener, with no intent to deceive or present
only parts of the truth. 8. Do Not Interrupt Others

2. Active Listening Allowing others to speak is important for the

creation of civil, effective working environment.
In order for ethical communication to be Interrupting others not only shows lack of
effective, it is necessary for the recipient to pro- respect, but does not allow the listener to fully
actively listen to the speaker, and to not just grasp what is being said, which often results in
hear what they want to hear, or to hear only incorrect assumptions being made.
parts of the conversation.
9. Respect Privacy and Confidentiality
3. Speak Non-Judgmentally
Most businesses should include a clause in their
Ethically and concisely communicating means code of ethics defining what is appropriate
speaking in a non-judgmental manner with when it comes to honoring client and employee
every recipient, negating unnecessary conflict, confidentiality and privacy
which typically creates a breakdown in
communication and causes misunderstandings. 10. Accept Responsibility

4. Speak from Your Own Experience As noted before, a core tenant within any
ethical communication framework is taking
Bringing your personal experience into a responsibility for the actions that result from
dialogue with business listeners is important, one’s word, whether it be good or bad.
providing backup for your arguments with
something more tangible

5.Consider the Receiver’s Preferred Ethical Communication in an Organization

Communication Channel
In business organizations, communicating
You risk losing an audience if you use a concisely, ethically, and appropriately are all
communication channel that is not preferred by necessary so a business can operate effectively
your intended receiver. and efficiently. Operating according to a
communication-based code of ethics is
6. Strive to Understand important for both small and large scale person-
to-person conversations.
While it is important to be proactive in listening,
it is important for listeners to also strive to fully
understand what is being said before
responding. LESSON II: COMMUNICATION,
GLOBALIZATION, AND TECHNOLOGY
7. Avoid a Negative Tone
Technological Globalization
The ethical communicator knows that it’s not
only important what you say, but how you say Technological globalization is speeded in large
it. Tone is one of the most critical facets of part by technological diffusion, the spread of
technology across borders. In
general, the report found that technological LESSON III: VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF
progress and economic growth rates were SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
linked, and that the rise in technological THREE CONCENTRIC CIRCLES OF ENGLISH
progress has helped improve the situations of

many living in absolute poverty (World Bank

2008). In addition, technological advances in
area like mobile phones can lead to
competition, lowered prices, and concurrent
improvements in related areas such as mobile
banking and information sharing.

 Technological advancements reduce

costs of transportation and
communication acrossnations and
thereby facilitate global sourcing of LANGUAGE:
raw materials and other inputs.
Patented technology encourages  Spoken Languages
globalization as the firm owning the  Written Language
patent can exploit foreign markets LANGUAGE VARIETIES
without much competition.
 Information technology has led to the  A general term for any distinctive form
emergence of the global village. For of a language or linguistic expression.
example, the world wide web has  Language is dynamic and culturebound,
reduced the barriers of time and place the differences in culture eventually
in business dealings. Buyers and sellers resulted in changes in the original
can now make transactions at any time English language.
and any part of the
globe.Technological change also affects LANGUAGE REGISTER
investments.
 Advancements in technology have  The appropriatness of the level and
considerable facilitated globalization. In style of speaking and writing
fact,technological progress has been  The way a speaker uses language
one of the main forces driving differently in different
globalization. Technological circumstances.
breakthroughs compel business
VARIETY OF LANGUAGE
enterprises to become global by
increasing the economies of scale and Variety refers to any variant of a language
the market size needed to break even. which can be sufficiently delimited from one
another.

 SOCIAL
 HISTORICAL
 SPATIAL
 Or a combination of these
Different Languages Varieties linked to English proficiency, or
maybe part of a range of varieties
 Pidgin used to express identity.
- simplified speech used for
communication between people LANGUAGE REGISTERS
with different languages. A
language which develops in - (also called linguistic register and
situation where the speaker needs speech register) describes the way a
to communicate but do not share a person speaks in relation to their
common or in the same language audience.
 Creole
Frozen
- is a pidgin that becomes the first
language of the children and the - It refers to historic languages or
mother tongue of the community. communication that is intended to
 Dialect remain unchanged, like a
- It includes the difference in constitution or a prayer
grammar, morphology, vocabulary,
syntax and punctuation Also refers Formal
to the way people speak their
native language - Is used in professional, academic or
legal settings where
ACCENT communications is expected to be
respectful, uninterrupted, and
-Refers to how people pronounce words and restrained. Slang is never used and
how someone speaks another language. contractions are rare.
REGIONAL DIALECT Consultative
- Not a distinc language but a variety - This language is a standard form of
of a language spoken in a particular communication. This is a more
area of a country. Being given a formal form of communication and
traditional name which mark them is of professional or technical
out as being significantly different discourse.
from standard varieties spoken in
the same place. PURPOSE OF CONCULVATIVE

MINORITY DIALECT - To demonstrate, communicate

between a superior and a
- A particular minority ethnic group subordinate
have thier own variety which they
use as a marker of identity that Casual
mark of identity, usually alongside a
standard variety. - Used when they are with friends,
close acquaintances and co-
IDIGENIZED VARIETIES workers, and family

- Are spoken mainly as second Intimate

languages in ex-colonies with multi-
lingaul population. The differences - Usually between two people and
from the standard variety maybe often in private
CHARACTERISTIC OF INTIMATE SPOKEN LANGUAGE

 Addressee Characteristic - Variation in speed – but it is generally

 Extraction Characteristic faster than writing
 Jargon Characteristic - Loudness or quietness
 Close Relationship Characteristic - Gestures – body language
 Family Relationship Characteristic - Intonation
- Stress
LANGUAGE REGISTER - Rhythm
- Pitch range
- Variety of language Different - Pausing and phrasing
language and levels of formality are
used in different situations and WRITTEN LANGUAGE
scenarios Level of formality with
which your speak. Different 1. Performance Spoken - usage is fleeting.
situations and people call for Written language is permanent.
different registers.
2. Processing Time - Most reading contexts
LANGUAGE REGISTERS ARE CLASSIFIED AS: allow readers to read at their own rate.

Formal Language Registers 3. Distance - The written word allows messages

to be sent across two dimensions: physical
- The most difficult type of writing. It distance and temporal distance.
is impersonal. Meaning, it is notr
written for a specific person and is 4. Orthography- In writing we have graphemes
written without emotion. – punctuation, picture or chart lends a helping
hand.
Informal Language Registers
5. Complexity Writing- has longer clauses and
- Is written in the way we talk to our more subordination.
friends and family. We use informal
writing when we are writing to 6. Vocabulary Writing - typically utilizes a
someone we know very well greater variety of lexical items then spoken
conversational English.
Neutral Language Registers
7. Formality Writing - is quite frequently more
- We use the neutral language formal than speech.
register with none motional topics
and information. LESSON IV: LOCAL AND GLOBAL
- Neutral writing is not necessarily COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL
formal or informal. It is not usually SETTING
positive or negative. A neutral
register is used to deliver facts. A WORLD OF DIVERSITY
- Some writings are written in a
neutral register. This means they - Communicating in a world of diversity
are not specifically formal or In our growing, diverse society, it’s very
informal important to have diverse
communication skills. The reason for
this is because it brings richness to our
society.
Global Community when women and men and those who
do not conform to the binary gender
- This refers to the people or nations of system are made visible and addressed
the world, considered as being closely in language as persons of equal value,
connected by modern dignity, integrity, and respect.
telecommunications and as being
economically, socially, and politically What is Gender Neutral Words?
interdependent.
Checklist for Gender Revisions:
Examples:
1. Have you used manor menor words containing
✘ Major offices and some homes linked with one of them to refer to people who may be female?
optical fiber systems If so, consider substituting another word.

✘ Global multimedia services 2. If you have mentioned someone’s gender, was it

necessary to do so? If you identify someone as a
✘ Satellite transmissions female architect, for example, do you (or would you)
refer to someone else as a male architect? And if you
What is cultural awareness? then note that the woman is an attractive blonde
motherof two, do you mention that the man is a
- Cultural awareness is knowing that muscular, square-jawed father of three?
there are multiple different cultures – Unlessgender and related matters – looks, clothes,
based on religion, ethnicity, nationality, parenthood – are relevant to your point,leave them
unmentioned,
and other factors- that have different
attitudes and outlooks. 3. Do you use any occupational stereotypes? Watch
for the use of female pronouns for nurses and male
What is cultural sensitivity? ones for scientists, for example.
- Cultural sensitivity involves accepting 4. Do you use language that in any away shows a
those differences without insisting your lack of respect for either sex?
own culture is better, or that everyone
should do it your way (Sherman, 2018) 5. Have you used he, him, his, or himself to refer to
people who may be female?
Gender Sensitivity, Gender Sensitivity
Language, Gender Neutral Words and Political What is Political Correctness?
Correctness Political Correctness is used to describe
What is Gender Sensitivity? language, policies, or measures that are
intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to
- Gender Sensitivity refers to the aim of members of particular groups in society.
understanding and taking account of
the societal and cultural factors SOME WORDS THAT MAY BE USED FOR POLITICAL
CORRECTNESS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
involved in gender-based exclusion and
discrimination in the most diverse  academic dishonesty (instead of cheating)
spheres of public and private life.  aesthetically challenged (instead of ugly)
 black (instead of negra)
 comb-free (instead of bald)
What is Gender Sensitivity Language?  differently abled (instead of disabled)
 drug dependent (instead of drug addict)
- Gender Sensitivity Language is the  dysfunctional family (instead of broken home)
realization of gender equality in written  economically marginalized (instead of poor)
 elderly, senior (instead of old)
and spoken language. It is attained  ethnically disoriented (instead of dishonest)