Design

Fundamentals

Designer\ Ameen Al-Hebshi

 What is 2D?
2D stand for two dimensional. A 2D shape can be summarized by calling them
flat shapes.
Any shape that can laid flat on piece of paper.
2D is flat using the horizontal “width” and vertical “length” (x,y)

What is the different between 2D and 3D?

2D is two dimensional (x,y) (width, length)
3D is three dimensional (x,y,z) (width, length, depth)

What is the benefit of 2D?

•To know the basics, principals and elements of design.
•It will enhance creativity, imagination and originality.

Components of Design

1.SUBJECT
Idea: How to do your design and show it.

Concept: is the idea behind the design. Your concept will lead your choices in
everything.
To do any concept or idea you have to ask about the design, then you have to do
research about the information that you have.

For example:
juice advertisement.
it is fresh (concept).
it becomes from the tree as the picture (idea).

Work: the process that will take to finish the design using the elements and
principles of design.

Target or Audience: The people who's going to see or judge the design.

Note:
You have to do research of the idea and audience before you start designing.
2. FORM:
Elements: dots, lines, shapes, color, value, texture and space.

1. Dot :
Is the most basic element of value design.
It has a position and size.
Point is excellent to create value emphases or focuses point.

Weak point

When the edges When design cut the When design inside those points is a
design touch border border the border strong points

the center a weak point

*There is something called (eye movement) when you want to draw equal for
something.
1. You have to make the line little bit up because the eye sees the up part
bigger than the down part.

2. In case of right and left, you have to make the line for the right because the
eye sees the right bigger than the left.

Project 1:
Search for picture that has a concept and change it by adding just one element
to other concept.
2. Line:
is a group of points a moving dot has direction and position.
Physical character of line.

• Types of lines:
straight line: is a one direction line and we can call it (direct, stable, static)

zigzag line: is expression of excitement action and confusion.

curve line: is a nice smooth line moving to many directions.

Other names for curve line (serpentine, meandering, peaceful line)

Dimensions of the line or measurements (thick or thin) and (long or short).

expressive character and Direction of line:

•Horizontal: perfect steeply, straight and direct.

•Vertical: expiration control, height and poise.

•Diagonal: movement and action.

•Wavy: curve line.

•Parallel: two lines never crossed.

•Dashed or clotted: a straight line having spaces.

Line location:
The eye is the first organ that received the direction.
Line and shape:
•Contour line: is the line that defines the outermost limits of an object.

•Cross – contour: is a line that cross and defines the surface undulations up to
the outer most limits of an object.

•Line and value: hatching and cross hatching.

Thin. Thick

Assignment:
Create six liner design with different amount of pressure overlapping, use (straight, curved,
zigzag, thick geometric).

Project 2:
Drop some ink in a piece of paper and move it then lit it dray, try to realize a picture that has
a concept and complete it with pencil.

3.Shapes:
•Actual shape: is a clearly divided shape.

•Bionomic shape or Organic shape: is an irregular shape that represent

freely developed curves in an object.

•Decorative shape: is an ornamenting. Drenching shape stressing the 2D

neuter of the elements. like Islamic shape.
•Equivocal shape: (optical or illusion) when the viewer at deferent times sees more
than one set of relationships between art elements.

•Geometrical shape
a)Implied shape: created by the psychological connection of dots, lines, areas
or their adages. Creating the visual appearance of shape that does not physically
exits.

b)Rectilinear shape: the shape whose bordures consist of straight lines like
rectangular and square.

c)Plastic shape: the use of elements to create the illusion of 3D or 2D surface.

(do research).

Notes:
A. Shape can be boarded by a line, can be define by a color or texture.
B. Shape can be positive or negative:
•Positive: the space that you touch with color.
•negative: the space that you do not touch.

positive
C. Focal point can be created by shape: focal point is the area the art work
in which your eye drawn to first or the strongest.

D. Gestalt theory: Gestalt is a psychology term which means "unified whole". It

refers to theories of visual perception developed by German psychologists in the
1920s. These theories attempt to describe how people tend to organize visual
elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied.

F. Meanings of shape:
•square: something home and secure.
•circle: contains and complete.
•triangular: the most staple shape showing growth and is preposition.

Project 3:
Draw an Implied design that has idea and concept.

4.Value:
•Chromatic value: relative degree of lightness or darkness.

•Achromatic value: absence of a hue (pure color) and its intensity.

•Night key value: that has a level of middle gray and lighter.

•Low key Value: that has a level of gray and darker.

•Shadow: is the darker value of the surface that gives the illusion that por-
tion of it is turned any form the source of light.

•Chiaroscuro: it is disturbed of light and dark in a picture, it’s a technique of

representation that blends, light, and shadow gradually to create the illusion of
3D object.

•Value of line: from thick to thin

•Of color: the deference for any color like yellow

yellow in dark place will become red, dark brown.
yellow in light place will be shining.`
5. Color:
is an element of design with endless verity, is mixture of three colors (red,
blue, yellow) which is the primary color.

•Secondary color: are a mix of two primary colors like purple, orange
and green.

•Tertiary color: are mix of three primary color many deferent colors be
made by changing the amount of primary colors used.

•Analogous: are hues laying next each other on the color wheel like
orange and red, blue and green.

•Complementary: are hues opposite each other like red and green, blue
and orange.

Note:
1. Color has temperature:
•Worm color: red, orange, yellow.
•Cold color: blue, purple, green.

2. Color has intensity: is a strength and burnt of color.

• Tone value: is a degree of lightness or darkness of color.
•Tint value: are made by adding white color.
•Shade value: are made by adding black color.

3.Hue: is the quality of the color that spread it from other color.

4.Color meaning
•Psychology meaning: for example, red means energy and activeness.
•Symbolic meaning: for example, red is a stop sign. (Do research)

Example: Green association:

•culture: money.
•politic: Lebanon old flog.
•religion: Muslim.
•modern: sport-stadiums.
6. Space
a)back ground is the white space that gave the eye a visual rest.
b)front ground.

Midterm project:
Draw a contrast design that has more than one shape that describes one concept and an
idea that.

7. Texture: is the paint of surface that be felt or seen and it can be rough,
smooth, soft……etc.

•Actual texture: Sense of touch.

•Stimulated texture: this convincing copy whose transaction of an actual

texture. (Create the visual effect of texture without adding texture).

•Abstract: it is divided from the appearance of the actual but rearranged and
simplify the artist demands.

•Invented texture: it’s a created texture who’s only source is the artist or the
imagination of the artist.

Note: pattern is more of decretive aerie and surface.

Assignment:
Draw three texture and draw with pencil.

Project 4:
Do a collage by the magazines clippings papers that has a good concept and idea.
 Contain of forms:
Principle of design: they are concepts used to organize or arrange the stretcher
elements of design. They effect the expressive contact or the massage of the
work.
1.Balance:
A feeling of balance results when the elements of design are arranged symmetri-
cally to create the impression of equality in weight or impotence.

•Symmetric: the element used on one side of the design are similar to
those on the other side .

•Asymmetric: element on each side different in shape but still are visual
equilibrium.

2. Perpetration and scale: the relation between the object considering the
size and number, including the relation between part of all.
refers to the relative size and scale of the elements of design.

Scale Size
3. Rhythm: is created when one or more element of design is used repeatedly
to create a feeling of movement. describes the tinned movement through space
such as:
•Movement: to repeat the shape as a moving object.

•Repetition: to repeat the shape more than one time.

•Alternation: convert the shape.

•Gradation: to grade in color and size.

4. Emphasis (Focal point): is a point of design that catches the viewer atten-
tion. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other
area, The area could be different in size, color, texture and shape.

point of focus can be done by:

•Golden mean
(one of the spots as a strong emphasis )

•Killing the repetition

•Contrast (opposite on the color)

•Dominance

•Isolation

Note: the focal point creating interest and attention.

Ithe center in the golden mean is a weak point.
5. Varity: is the use of several element of design to hold the viewer attention
and to guide the viewer eye (use different element in an image create visual
interest.
the use of differences and change to increase the validly interest of the work.

6. Harmony: the arrangement of element to give the viewer the feeling that all
the parts of the piece forms a coherent whole.

6. Unity: is the feeling of harmony between all parts of work of art which
creates a sense of completeness.
is the under liaising principle that summarize all of the principles and elements
of design.
•Same shape, size, tone, texture and color are pattern.

•Same shape, tone, texture and color interest created by

varying size are position.

Project 5:
Choose from Numbers or letters (Arabic or English) to do a nice masterpiece design with
concept that going with the movement of the characters.
The Golden mean: is a simple theory that make your design blessing on the eye.
It is passed on the (Fiboraeci Sequence)

0=>1, 1=>2, 2=>3, 3=>4, =>……etc.

•The quick way in applying this theory in to use rule of third. By dividing
any area into equal three vertically and horizontally the enter section will
provide a natural vacuole.

Final project:
Design a masterpiece using the components of design and principle of design
has concept and idea that you want to deliver to the world.

Hope you enjoyed the class ^___^

Designer\
Ameen Al-Hebshi