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Ethical Issues of Ductive Technology

This document discusses several ethical issues related to reproductive technologies: 1) risks from technologies like IVF and embryo freezing, 2) surrogacy arrangements which raise legal and social questions, and 3) what to do with leftover eggs and embryos. It also addresses ethical concerns around sperm sorting, gender selection, and genetic modification of embryos. Quality of life determinations for impaired children, decisions around withholding/withdrawing treatment, and the role of nurses in influencing children's character development are additional topics covered.

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rahaf
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36 views

Ethical Issues of Ductive Technology

This document discusses several ethical issues related to reproductive technologies: 1) risks from technologies like IVF and embryo freezing, 2) surrogacy arrangements which raise legal and social questions, and 3) what to do with leftover eggs and embryos. It also addresses ethical concerns around sperm sorting, gender selection, and genetic modification of embryos. Quality of life determinations for impaired children, decisions around withholding/withdrawing treatment, and the role of nurses in influencing children's character development are additional topics covered.

Uploaded by

rahaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ethical Issues of ductive Technology

ethical issues about reproductive technologies


1- the risks resulting from technology
2- surrogacy (for donor eggs, embryo donation, carrying fetus)
3- the handling of surplus reproductive products, such as eggs or embryos that are used
4- the implications of sperm sorting or gender selection
5- genetic modification and enhancement
Risks created by technology
Examples include: ART(assisted reproductive techniqes) and freezing embryos.
• One risk is a multiple-intant live births.
Worldwide, millions of babies have been born from IVF
• The ethical principles
-beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice-promoting human good for the woman or couple who strongly desires a baby.
-doing no harm to the fetuses.
-distribution and allocation of resources during the process and after the births.
Third-party involvement
Surrogacy is particularly good example, such as when man can ferttilize woman egg. but woman can not carry fetus.
• Ethical issues regarding surrogacy
-Who owns the infant after it is delivered by the surrogate?
-Who is the mother, the woman who produced the eggs or the one who camed the fetus to term and delivered it?
-Is the meaning of family integrity or biological relationships at stake, or does it matter?
• Other concema are legal issues:
finding a legal way to pay the surrogate woman for her time and effort because the seling of children usualy is illegal, avoiding
trading babies as commodities, and avoiding explotation of financialy needy woman.
• The principles: autonomy and nonmaleficence
Surplus reproductive products
scenario: woman having difficultie of getting pregnant through IVF so, the woman stores many frozen egg in attempt to get
pregnant, after few tries, the woman became pregnant.
• The ethical questions to be asked:
-what will happen to the eggs?
-If those eggs are fertilized, what will happen to those embryos?
-Is it considered murderous to destroy the remainder of the fertilized eggs?
• Ethical Principles: autonomy and nonmaleficence.
Sperm sorting, or gender selection
advanced technology enable person: create kind of child they want, balance family, prevent X-linked or genetic disease.
Family balancing, or evening out gender representation in children: is concept used to help justify and promote use of gender
selection prior to implantation.
• The principle: in sperm sorting, family balancing, gender selection: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice
Inheritable genetic modification (IGM)
procedure used to modify gene along the germ lines that are transmitted to offspring.
stem-cell research: help prevent genetic disease from occurring in family through generation by modifying germ line of embryos.
Genetic traits in the embryo can be enhanced with IGM.
if researchers could help a couple create the perfect baby?
• The standard principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice should be addressed in ethics involved with all
preimplantation genetic diagnostic (PGD) and other genetic manipulations such as IGM

Impaired and Critically iII Children


Quality of Life
In regard to quality-of-life determinations for newborns and children, its important to refer back to the ethical foundation of
surrogate decision making for children, that is, the standard of best interest.
-Healthcare professionals must be aware of any tendencies they have to judge the quality of life of pediatric patients as lower
than the children, to the best of their ability, or their mothering person would judge it.
Withholding and Withdrawing Treatment
comprehensive discussion of end-of-life issues can be used as basis for considering decision about withholding and withdrawing
treatment for children; infant, however, fall into special class of person in regard to withholding and withdrawing treatment.
-In evaluating ethical care of infant, its helpful to understand the history and circumstance involved with several landmark cases.
The Influence of Nurses: Character
• School nurses: are in special position to help with this, and any nurse who work with children would do well to keep in mind
the importance of influencing the development of child's good character and educating others about this development.
-Nurses are patient advocates, but they also are role models.
-Nurse may never know when the example they show to children and their mothring person influenc future of child or nursing

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