MAT 070

Calculus II

Mathematics Department
Mindanao State University Main Campus
Marawi City

January 6, 2021
Partitions and the Definite Integral
Partitions and the Definite Integral
(Riemann Integral)
Properties of the Definite Integral
Properties of the Definite Integral Z a
Property 1: Let f be integrable on [a, b]. The integral f (x)dx is given by
b
Z a Z b
f (x)dx = − f (x)dx.
b a
Properties of the Definite Integral Z a
Property 1: Let f be integrable on [a, b]. The integral f (x)dx is given by
b
Z a Z b
f (x)dx = − f (x)dx.
b a

Property 2: If f is integrable on [a, b], then for all c ∈ [a, b]

Z c
f (x)dx = 0.
c
Properties of the Definite Integral Z a
Property 1: Let f be integrable on [a, b]. The integral f (x)dx is given by
b
Z a Z b
f (x)dx = − f (x)dx.
b a

Property 2: If f is integrable on [a, b], then for all c ∈ [a, b]

Z c
f (x)dx = 0.
c

Example
Z −1 Z 2
1. 2xdx = − 2xdx
2 −1
Properties of the Definite Integral Z a
Property 1: Let f be integrable on [a, b]. The integral f (x)dx is given by
b
Z a Z b
f (x)dx = − f (x)dx.
b a

Property 2: If f is integrable on [a, b], then for all c ∈ [a, b]

Z c
f (x)dx = 0.
c

Example
Z −1 Z 2 Z 2
1. 2xdx = − 2xdx 2. (2x − 5)dx = 0
2 −1 2
Property 3: If f is integrable on [a, b] and k is any real number,
Property 3: If f is integrable on [a, b] and k is any real number, then kf is
integrable on [a, b]
Property 3: If f is integrable on [a, b] and k is any real number, then kf is
integrable on [a, b] and
Z b Z b
kf (x)dx = k f (x)dx.
a a
Property 3: If f is integrable on [a, b] and k is any real number, then kf is
integrable on [a, b] and
Z b Z b
kf (x)dx = k f (x)dx.
a a

Property 4: If f and g are integrable on [a, b],

Property 3: If f is integrable on [a, b] and k is any real number, then kf is
integrable on [a, b] and
Z b Z b
kf (x)dx = k f (x)dx.
a a

Property 4: If f and g are integrable on [a, b], then f + g is integrable on

[a, b]
Property 3: If f is integrable on [a, b] and k is any real number, then kf is
integrable on [a, b] and
Z b Z b
kf (x)dx = k f (x)dx.
a a

Property 4: If f and g are integrable on [a, b], then f + g is integrable on

[a, b] and
Z b Z b Z b
k[f (x) + g(x)] dx = f (x)dx + g(x)dx
a a a
Property 5: If f is integrable on [a, c] and [c, b], where a < c < b,
Property 5: If f is integrable on [a, c] and [c, b], where a < c < b, then f is
integrable on [a, b] and
Z b Z c Z b
f (x)dx = f (x)dx + f (x)dx.
a a c

Property 6: (First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus)

Let f be a continuous function on [a, b]. If F is the function defined by
Z x
F (x) = f (t)dt
a

for every x in [a, b], then F 0 (x) = f (x) for all x ∈ [a, b], that is, F is an
antiderivative of f .
Property 7: (Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus)
Let f be a continuous function on [a, b] and let F be an antiderivative of f ,
that is, F 0 (x) = f (x) for all x ∈ [a, b]. Then
Z b
f (x)dx = F (x)|ba = F (b) − F (a).
a
Examples. Evaluate the following definite integrals.
Z 2
2 − 3x2 + 3x5 dx


1.
−1
Z2 p
2. 2x 1 + 3x2 dx
0
Z π
4
3. sin(cos(2x)) sin(2x)dx
0
Z 4
4. |x + 2| dx
−4
1. Using the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we have

x6 2
Z 2 
2 5 3


2 − 3x + 3x dx = 2x − x + 
−1 6 −1
   
128 1
= 4−8+ − −2 + 1 +
6 6
127
= −1 +
6
121
= .
6
 du
2. Let u = 1 + 3x2 . Then du = 6xdx; that is, = 2xdx. Note that when
3
x = 0, u = 2 and when x = 2, u = 13. Thus,
Z 2 p Z 13
√ du 1 13 1
Z
2
2x 1 + 3x dx = u = u 2 du
0 2 3 3 2
3 
1 u 2 13
=
3 3 2
2 
2 √ 13
= u u
9 2
2 √ √ 
= 13 13 − 2 2 .
9
 du
3. Let u = cos 2x. Then du = −2 sin 2xdx; that is, = sin 2xdx. Note
−2
π
that when x = 0, u = 1 and when x = , u = 0. Thus,
4
Z π Z 0
−1 0
Z
4 du
sin(cos(2x)) sin(2x)dx = sin u = sin udu
0 1 −2 2 1
0
−1 
= (− cos u)
2 1
0
1 
= cos u
2 1
1
= (1 − cos 1) .
2
 (
−(x + 2), if − 4 ≤ x ≤ −2
4. Note that f (x) = |x + 2| = Thus,
(x + 2), if − 2 < x ≤ 4.
Z 4 Z −2 Z 4
|x + 2|dx = |x + 2|dx + |x + 2|dx
−4 −4 −2
Z −2 Z 4
= −(x + 2)dx + (x + 2)dx
−4 −2
−2  2 4
x2

 x 
=− + 2x  + + 2x 
2 −4 2 −2
= (2 − 0) + (16 + 2)
= 20.
Exercises: Evaluate the following definite integrals.
Z 3
2x − 6x2 + x5 dx


1.
Z2 2 p
2. 2x2 1 + 6x3 dx
0
Z π
4
3. 1 + ln(1 + sin(2x)) cos(2x)dx
0
Z 3
4. |x − 2| dx
−2
Z 4
5. 1 + |4 − x| dx
−4