EMOTIONAL SELF : Achieving my emotional competence

Emotions derived from latin word “EMOVER” means to stir up, emotions are feeling such
as happiness or disappointment. Both physiological and cognitive elements that influence
behavior.
AFFECTIVE SCIENCE is the scientific study of emotion or effects, includes study of emotion
elicitation or recognition of emotion.
Emotion is a complete effective experience that involves diffuse physiological
changes and can be expressed overtly in characteristic behaviour patterns”. 
- CHARLES G MORRIS

“Emotion is an affective experience that accompanies generalized linear

adjustment and mental and physiological stirred up states in the individual and
that shows itself in his overt behaviour”. -CROW AND CROW

Emotion is a ‘Moved or ‘stirred up’ state of an organism. It is a stirred up feeling,

that is the way it appears to the individual himself. It is a disturbed muscular and
glandular activities, that is the way it appears to an external observer” – -
WOODWORTH

Emotion is an affective experience that one undergoes during an instinctive

excitement. For example, when a child perceives a bull coming towards him
(cognition) he experiences an affective experience in the form of the arousal of
accompanied emotion of fear and consequently tries to run away. – MCDOUGALL

An emotion is a complex psychological state that involves tree distinct components: A

subjective experience, A physiological response and behavioral response. – BOOK OF
DISCOVERING PSYCHOLOGY BY DON HOCKENBURY AND SANDRA E.

3 key elements of emotion

 Subjective experience , Physiological respons ,Behavioral response

Emotional experiences are some associated with some instincts:

Every emotional experience is associated with one or the other innate instinct. Emotion
is aroused under the influence of instinctive excitement.

Emotion are the product the product of perception:

Perception of a proper stimulus (OBJECTIVE OR SITUATION) is needed to start an

emotional experience.

The organic changes within the body (FAVOR OR UNFAVORABLE) then, may
intensify the emotional experience.

Emotions bring physiological changes

Emotions experience imvolves many physical and physiological change in the organism Ex. The heart beating,
reddened eyes, rushed cheeks, choke in the voice.

Characteristics of emotions:

- Emotions are prevalent in every living organism.

- They present at all stages of development and can be in young as well as in old.
- One emotion can give rise to a number of similar emotions
- Emotions are individualistic and they differ from person to person.

POSITIVE EMOTIONS – the pleasant emotions like affection (love),

amusement,curiosity,and happiness which are essential and positive emotion.
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS – unpleasant emotions like fear, anger, and jealousy which are
harmful to the individuals development are termed as negative emotions.

Categories for theories of emotion

Physiological – responses within thr body cause emotions
Neurological – brain activity causes emotional respons
Cognitive - thoughts form emotions
PAUSE – when you hit pause, you take time to stop and think before you speak or act, doing
something you’ll after regret like sending an angry email or posting something regrettable on
social media.

How to use: if you feel your emotion are getting out of control take a pause, if possible go for a
short walk, once you’ve had the chance to calm down, comeback and decide how you want to
move forward.
VOLUME CONTROL – When you speaking someone, the other person usually respond on the
exact same style or tone as you, if you scream or yell they’ll do the same

How to use: : discussion begin to escalate, focus you efforts on “DIALING IT BACK” by softening
your tone or lowering your voice

MUTE – if an interaction with another person turns emotional and leaving the situation is not
an option, you might need to put yourself to on MUTE.

How to use: take a deep breath and remind yourself that both your mood And that of your
communication partner are temporary. Resist the urge to respond in kind, once the person has
let everything out, they’ll calm down. As you remain on mute.

RECORD – Recording in concentrated listening, with the intent to learn more about another
persons perspective, youre listenin to understand.

How to use: as you tune into the other person, focus on learning more about how the other
person sees you, how they see themselves, and how they see the situation.

REWIND – you cant just just try to forget the situation. Instead , use rewind to revisit the topic
at a later time, once everyones had the chance to cool down.

How to use: carefully think about where,when and how reintroduce the subject. For example,
opening with an apology, expression of thanks.

FAST FORWARD - think about the consequences of your action both shot and long term
consequences.

How to use: forget about how you feel at the moment ask yourself: how will this decision affect
you in a month? In a year? Doing so can help you think clearly.

SLOW MOTION – “Negative” emotions like anger, frustration, fear, and sadness can prove
harmful, slowing down to analyze your negative emotions can help you figure out the
underlying reasons behind your feeling.

How to use; dealing with negative feeling or bad mood, slowdow and ask yourself why you feel
the way you do, can you take action yo change a situation or circumstance and make things
better.

WHAT IS SOCIAL SELF

Human are sociable, group – based creatures. A significant portion of our “self” and its
“bahavior” is sociall directed and influenced.
The “self” usually includes social roles lole gender, ethniciy, social identitiy, and group
memberships.

Psychologically, the Self is a collection of cognitively-held beliefs that a person possesses about
themselves. The self seems to extend beyond the physical self (body), to include psychologically
meaningful personal possesions and personal space.

SELF is an important tool with which human organisms make their way through human society
and thereby manage to satisfy their needs.

Traditionally, SELF was seen as representing a stable, genetically determind “character” or later,
“personality” more recently, self was understood to evolve during a lifetime (party stable, party
changing).

THE SELF HAS BEEN FURTHER COMPLEXIFIED AND INCREASINGLY SEEN US

 Dynamic and changeable

 Multiple/plural
 Hierarchical
 Situationally and cognitively
 Influences
 Culturally constructed.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF INCLUDES:

 Attitudes
 Cognitions
 Emotions
 Group memberships (social identity)
 Idea/I magined selves
 Memories
 Possessions
 Self-beliefs
 Self-concepts
 Self-image
 Social-roles

PURPOSE OF SOCIAL SELF

1. To gain social acceptance

2. To play social roles

Society creates and defines roles and the individual seeks and adopt them.
 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Social psychology deals with what we think, what we feels,as well as how we behave in
different situation and environtment. It entails our interaction with the people and the world
around us.

Why human interaction is so important?

- Its important for our mental health. Social contact help us to cope with stress and major
life changes like a break up.
- Evidence suggest human contact is also vital for our physical health too.

Person Perception is all about forming impression and making judgment about others.

The assesments involves what kind of person one is including his/he intentions,traits, and
behaviors – (plotnick and kouyoumdjan,2014)

Frist impressions, which are formed within a very short time with little concious thought and
biased by past experiences, are part of a persons perception (macrae and quadflieg,2010)

HOW TO MAKE A GOOD FIRST IMPRESSION (without appearing desperate)

Scientist squabble over the exact time it takes to make a first impression. But most agreewe
form lasting opinions within seconds of meeting someone.

1. Peek at their social media to find common interests (before you meet)
2. Offer a firm 3-4 second handshake
3. Avoid using filler language ( UM, AH , LIKE)
4. Ask follow-up questions to keep conversation flowing
5. Resist any urge to cross your arms
6. Lean in to show youre listening

A COGNITIVE BIAS IS AN INFORMATION FILTER Objective information flows and is transformed

as the passes through

WHAT ARE COGNITIVE BIASES?

- Systematic errors in thinking

- Mental shortcuts to making decisions/judgments.

WHY DO COGNITIVE BIASES EXIST?

- To save as much thinking energy as possible

- To help it make hard decisions fast
 FOLLOW THIS PROCESS TO BE AWARE OF COGNITIVE BIASES.

- Be aware of the common cognitive biases that exist

- Be attentive and actively work to combat cognitive biases.
- Question your, have a process in place to de-bias your thinking.

1. Self- Serving bias – people protect their ego and self esteem (dismiss good feedback)

2. Fomo ( fear of missing out ) makes people scared theyre being left out of
exciting/interesting events.

3. Gablers fallacy –people tendency to think a random events is less likely to happen in the
future if its happened in the past.

4. Actor-Observer bias – people attribute their own failures to external reason, and the
others failures to internal causes (“ Im late due traffic”) (“She must be late due to being
disorganized”)

5. Narrative bias – people tendency to make sense of the world through stories (other
facts, interpret information part of a large story or pattern.

6. Survivorship bias – the mental error of only concetrating the projects/people that have
been succesful.

7. Anchoring - people use the first piece of information they see to judge the following
information “ that’s not expensive”

8. Halo effect – people let one positive trait guide their total opinion of a
person/product/experience.(Person influences how we feel and think about their
character).

9. Hyperbolic discounting – people to value immediate rewards life sleeping in, over-long
term rewards life being fit. (Prioritize immediate reward amd satisfaction over future
reward)

10. Planning fallacy – people underestimate the time it will take to complete a future
task(realistic timeline)

SOCIAL NORMS

Social norms
 - Social norms are unwritten rules about how to behave, provide expected idea of
behavior in particular social group.
- Social norms as well as social roles are powerful ways to understand and
predicting what will people do
- Social provide order in society its difficult to see how human society could
operate without social norms
- Its responsibility to make sure that his/her behavior does not hurt, offend or
disturb and maintain good relationship with the group.

Types of social norms

- FOLKWAYS – customs that we follow but are often NOT WRITTEN DOWN,
learn them through intuition as we grow up.
- MORES – Are MORAL NORMS, if you break them you would be seen as not just
in poor taste, but IMMORAL their often linked to religious rules.
- TABOOS – Are NEGATIVE NORMS, peoples find offensive and socially
inappropriate if you are caught doing them.
- LAWS – law norms defined as LEGAL OR ILLEGAL.

GROUP

- Group can only be group when they have something in common, share opinions
and belief or worktogether, they should be considered by both themselves and
others to be a group

“ people generally get together to form groups precisely because they are similir.
Groups tend to fall apart because the group members become dissimilar and thus
longer have enough in common to keep them together” ( crump,
hamilton,shernank and lickel 2010,mike and kivlighan 2008)

- Group develops stable norms and roles that define the appropriate behavior for
the group as whole and for each of the member.
- In group work one member should exerts his or her effort to facilitate the
attachment of the objectives.

Tuckman’s stages of group development

1. Forming – formalities are preserved, team acquaints and establishes ground

rules.
2. Storming – start to communicate their feelings, resist control by group
leaders and show hospitality.
3. Norming – people feel part of the team and realize that they can achieve
work if they accept other viewpoints.
4. Performing – work in an open and trusting atmosphere where flexibility is the
key and hierarchy is of little importance.
 5. Adjourning – conduct assesment of the year and implements a plan for
transitioning roles and recognizing member contribution.

SOCIAL RULES

- Social rules defines a set of behavior that are expected to someone who holds a
particular status.Every status has an expected set of behaviors – A role . A
woman becomes a mother when she has child and so occupies the status of a
mother. She is also expected to play the role of mother by caring and loving the
child.

Different Categories of social roles

Cultural roles – culture is one of the major attributes of society. People often engage
with the different aspects of culture, person who is into the domain of culture has to fulfil
the expectations on him/her.
Social defferentiation – refers to the changes in social roles with profession and
relations. Individuala practicing different proffesions.
Situation - Specific roles people take up different roles according to the situation,
sometimes a person turns out to be a victim of an accident.
Bio-Sociological roles- human being in the environment habe multiple responsibilities
toward the conversation and preservation of nature and its members.
Gender roles – expected to play roles according to the gender we belong to, like roles
of father,mother,woman etc,

CONFORMITY

- Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in the belief or

behavior in order to fit in with a group or go along with the people around you.
- Its essential social mechanism in society,without it we would not have social
norms and acceptable behavior.

Advantages of conformity

- Helps in developing good habits

- Conformity helps you to become more disciplined and methodical.
- Helps you to see varied perspectivenes in life.
- Helps to unlearn maladaptive behavior.
- Conformity renders an in-group feeling
- This social process makes you humin the same sounds of the interpersonal
accord.

Disadvantages of conformity

- reduce your power to decide individually.

 - it influences your choice amd you may conform to something that you do not
believe in.
- conformity restricts social change.
- it reduces your critical thinking ability you may just follow the crowd blindly.

Types of conformity

Normative conformity – this type of conformity occurs when a person changes his/her
behavior,attitudes, and values to fit into the group they belong to.
Informational conformity – this type of informational influence occurs when the person
looks for group, information, suggestion, and guidance before deciding on anything in
life. It means that you are into informational conformity.
Compliance – it refers to a kind of social conformity where a person follows the rules
and conventions of society without questioning. They comply with the orders, rules,
wishes, and desires of others even if it means going against their own values.
Internalization – the person completely follows the group attitudes and behavior,in this
way the person accepts and adopts the behavior pattern of the others and fully gets
tuned with it. INTERNALIZATION MEANS PRIVATE CONFORMITY.
Identification – willful regard to the social influence the person wants to initiate, create
and maintain a relationship with the another person or the group as whole, this type of
conformity relates to fellow feelings, togetherness and goodvibes.