CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY

Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental

College of Teacher Education

NAME : HAINA CRYSTYL TABUGA DATE: RATING :

SUBJECT: GENETICS SECTION: BSED III SCIENCE

PRACTICAL ACTIVITY NO. 5

DIHYBRID INHERITANCE
1. In man, free ear lobe (A) is dominant over attached ear lobe (a), and non red hair (R) is
dominant over red hair (r). What is the phenotype of the following genotypes:
A =free earlobe – dominant
a = attached earlobe – recessive
R= non – red hair – dominant
r= red hair - recessive
a. AArr = free earlobe and red hair

b. AaRr = free earlobe and non – red hair

c. aaRR = attached earlobe and non- red hair

d. aarr = attached earlobe and red hair

e. aaRr = attached earlobe and non -red hair

2. In tomatoes, two pairs of genes affect the color of the ripe fruit as follows:

R= Red flesh Y= Yellow skin

r= Yellow flesh y= Colorless skin

Dominance is complete for red flesh and yellow skin. If the genes are independently
segregating, calculate the expected phenotype and genotype ratios from the following
crosses

PHENOTYPIC RATIO GENOTYPIC RATIO

GENETICS LABORATORY 1
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

a.Rryy x 4 red flesh and yellow skin 4 Rr Yy

rrYy
4 red flesh and colorless skin 4 Rr yy

4 yellow flesh and yellow skin 4 rr Yy

4 yellow flesh and colorless skin 4 rr yy

b.RrYy x 6 red flesh and yellow skin 2 RrYY and 4 RrYy

rrYy
2 red flesh and colorless skin 2 Rryy and 2 rrYY

6 yellow flesh and yellow skin 4 RrYy and 2 rryy

2 yellow flesh and colorless skin

c. RrYY 12 red flesh and yellow skin 4 RRYy

x Rryy
4 yellow flesh and yellow skin 8 RrYy

4 rrYy

d. RrYy 9 red flesh and yellow skin 1 RRYY, 2 RRYy, 2 RrYY

x RrYy
3 red flesh and colorless skin 4 RrYy, 1 RRyy, 2 rrYy

GENETICS LABORATORY 2
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

3 yellow flesh and yellow skin 1 rrYY, 1 rryy

1 yellow flesh and colorless skin

3. In dogs, dark coat color is dominant over albino, and short hair is dominant over long hair.
If these effects are caused by two independently segregating gene pairs, write the most
probable genotypes for the parents’ of each of the following crosses. Using the symbols C
and c for the dark and albino coat color alleles and S and s for the short and long hair
alleles respectively.

PHENOTYPES OF OFFSPRING
PARENTAL PHENOTYPES DARK DARK ALBINO ALBINO GENOTYPES OF
THE PARENT
SHORT LONG SHORT LONG

CcSs x CcSs
a. Dark short x dark 91 29 31 11
short
CCSs x CCss
b. Dark short x dark 18 19 0 0
long
CCSs x ccSs
c. Dark short x albino 20 0 19 0
short
ccSs x CCss
d. Albino short x 0 0 28 9
albino short
CcSs x CCSs
e. Dark long x dark 0 2 0 10
long

GENETICS LABORATORY 3
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

CCSs x CCSs
f. Dark short x dark 46 16 0 0
short
CcSs x Ccss
g. Dark short x dark 31 29 11 9
long

4. If two gene pairs A and a and B and b are assorting independently with A dominant to a
and B dominant to b, what is the probability of obtaining an:

a.) AB gamete from an AaBb individual – 25%

b.) AB gamete from an AABb individual – 50%

c.) AABB zygote from a cross AaBb x AaBb – 1/16

d.) AABB zygote from a cross aabb x AABB – 1/16

e.) AB phenotype from a cross AaBb x AaBb – 9/16

f.) AB phenotype from a cross aabb x AABB – 9/16

g.) aB phenotype from a cross AaBb x AaBB – 0 (none)

5. A cross made between two plants differing in four independently assorting gene pairs,
AABBCCDD x aabbccdd, produces an F1 which is then self –fertilized. If the capital letters
represent alleles with dominant phenotypic effect:

GENETICS LABORATORY 4
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

a. How many different genotypes are possible in the F2? What are they?

P1 = AABBCCDD x aabbccdd

F1 = AaBbCcDd x AaBbCcDd

Gametes: ABCD, AbCD, ABcD, ABcd, AbCd, aBCD, abcD, aBcD, aBCD, abcd, abcD, aBcd,
abCd

A a

A AA Aa

A Aa aa

We have 3 genotypes AA, Aa,Aa

We have 4 genes = 34

3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 81 genotypes

GENETICS LABORATORY 5
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

b. How many of these F2 genotypes will be phenotypically recessive for all factors?

A a

A AA Aa

a Aa aa

= (1/4)2 = 1/256

c. How many of these F2 genotypes will be homozygous for all dominant genes?

A a

GENETICS LABORATORY 6
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

A AA Aa

a Aa aa

= ¼ 2 = 1/256

d. Would your answers to (a), (b) and (c) be different if the initial cross were AABBccdd x

aabbCCDD?

- YES, the answer will be the same

6. What mathematical formula can you suggest for determining the probability of a
completely homozygous recessive progeny individual resulting from selfing an individual
heterozygous for n pairs of genes, all of which exhibit complete dominance.

7. How many of the following are found/produced from the cross

BbCcDdEE x BbCcDdEE
(Female parent) (Male parent)
a. Heterozygous pairs in the female parent- 2 heterogenous gene pair

b. Gamete genotypic classes of the male parent – 8 gametes genotype

c. Progeny genotypic classes – 27 genotypic classes

d. Number of possible combinations of gametes – 8 combinations

8. How many genotypic classes are produced by a test cross in which one parent is

heterozygous for

a. 2 pairs of genes - 2 pairs of gene -8

b. 3 pairs of genes - 3 pairs of gene - 12

GENETICS LABORATORY 7
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

c. 4 pairs of genes - 4 pairs of gene - 16

d. 5 pairs of genes - 5 pairs of gene - 22

9. Assume the following sets of genes for human beings:

P – polydactylous p – non polydactylous R – right handed r – left handed
c1c1 – curly hair c1c2 – wavy hair c2c2 – straight hair
W – widow’s peak w – straight frontal hairline
If a man’s genotype is Ppc 1c2RRww and his wife is ppc 2c2rrWw, what is the probability of
their having a child who is; (Show the process using the fork line method )

a. Polydactylous, left handed, curly and widow’s peak

b. Polydactylous, left handed, without regard to the other trait

10. What is the progeny genotypic ratio of a cross CcDde 1e1 x Ccdde1e1 , if cc individual die

during the first week of embryonic development?

2:2:2:2

GENETICS LABORATORY 8
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

11. Flower color in a particular plant may be purple, red and colorless and these traits are
known to assort independently of each other. Homozygous stocks of each of these colors
were raised, crossed in the following fashion, and produced the following results:

Cross 1 : P1 = purple x red

F1 = all purple
F2 = ¾ purple:1/4 red

Cross 2: P1 = purple x colorless

F1 = all purple
F2 = 9/16 purple:3/16 red: 4/16 colorless

Cross 3: P1 = purple x colorless

F1 = all colorless
F2 = 12/16 colorless:3/16 purple: 1/16 red
Using the first two letters of the alphabet, give the genotypes of the following:

Cross 1 Cross 2 Cross 3

a. P1 AA x bb AABB x aabb AABB x aabb

b. F1 Ab AaBb AaBb

c. Purple F2 AA, Ab AABB, AaBb, AAbb, Aabb

AABb, AaBB

d. Red F2 Bb aaBb, aaBB aabb

GENETICS LABORATORY 9
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

e. Colorles Ab AABB, Aabb, aabb AABB, AABb,

s F2 AaBB, AaBB

12. In cross 2 of problem 11, give the phenotypes of the genotypes:

a. AaBB - purple

b. aaBB - red

c. AaBb - purple

d. AABB - purple

e. Aabb - colorless

What is the progeny phenotypic ratio of the following crosses:

a. AaBB x aaBB – 8 purple : 8 red

b. AaBb x AABB - 16 purple

c. Aabb x AaBb – 6 purple : 8 colorless

12. It was reported that in the Japanese morning glory Pharbitis nil , purple flower color may
be caused by dominant alleles at either on be of two separate gene pairs. Ex. A_bb or
aaB_. When dominant alleles are present at both gene pairs, A_B_, the flower color is
blue, and when both are homozygous recessive, aabb the color is scarlet. A blue F 1 was
therefore produced by crossing two different purple types AAbb x aaBB.

GENETICS LABORATORY 10
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

a. What is the phenotypic ratio of a cross of F1 and either one of the parents?
8 blue :3 purple

b. What is the phenotypic ratio of an F1 x F1 cross?

9 blue : 5 purple : Scarlet

13. A spotted rabbit, when mated with a solid –colored rabbit produced all spotted offspring.
When these F1 rabbits were crossed among themselves, they produced 23 spotted rabbits
and 8 solid-colored rabbits.

F1

R R

r Rr Rr

r Rr Rr

F2

R r

R RR Rr

R RR Rr

a. Which of these characters is dependent on a dominant gene?

GENETICS LABORATORY 11
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
College of Teacher Education

- Solid colored rabbit (rr) therefore it is dependent on spotted rabbit which are

dominant

b. About how many of the 23 spotted rabbits in the F2 generation would be expected
to be homozygous?

- 2/23 of the spotted rabbit are homozygous

c. How many of the solid-colored F2 rabbits would be homozygous?

- 2

d. What ratio would be expected if numerous progenies were produced by rabbits of

the same genotype as the F1?

- All rabbits will have heterozygous genotypes

e. Why was this ratio not represented exactly by the results of this cross?

- Because the parents is not the same genotype with F1

GENETICS LABORATORY 12