AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF MILK OF BUFFALO AND COW

USING STATISTICAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN KOLHAPUR DISTRICT
Prakash S. Chougule1, Tejaswi S. Kurane2, Suresh V. Patil3, Harshwardhan V. Ghadage4 & Ashish M. Patil5
Associate Professor1,3, Assistant Professor2 & Research Student4,5
Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu College, Kolhapur (MS), India.

Abstract:
Milk is almost ideal food having high nutritive value. It provides body building protens, proteins, bone forming
minerals furnishes energy giving lactose and milk fat. And in Kolhapur district the business of dairy industries
increases rapidly in our study we prepared systematic questionnaires contain different attributes for collection
of primary data collected information are analyzed using various statistical tools and techniques. Our study
show that Buffalo and cow are equally distributed in our area and near about ninety percent of people whose
education is below ten standard are engaged in farm work and dairy business their experience is milking
business is profitable, the average morning milk is more than evening milk of buffalo where as average milk of
cow are same in both times but the average fat of buffalo and cow are same morning and evening there is
significant difference between income and expenditure distribution.

Keywords: Graphical Representation, Large Test, Small Test, Level of significance.

INTRODUCTION:
Every one can known that milk is almost ideal food having high nutritive value. It provides body building

protens, proteins, bone forming minerals furnishes energy giving lactose and milk fat. Also it supply certain

required fatty acids,it containsthe above nutrients in an easily digestible and assimilable forms (vishweshwar

and Krishnaiah,2005).Milk is one of the most versatile of all animals desired food in the different form of

commodities (Khan et al 2007) .milk of different species containhe same kind of constituents but in varing in

amount .with given species ,environmental conditions, genetic factor and stage of lactation influence the

composition of milk (Kanwal et al, 2004).

Operation flood, launched in 1970, was a project of India national dairy development board (NDDB), which

was the world biggest dairy development program. It transformed India from a milk deficient nation into the

world’s largest milk product, surpassing the USA in 1998.

Though India may boast of one of the world largest cattle population, the average output of an India

cow is significantly lower compared to its American counterpart. In India typically use of highly producing

dairy cows and buffalo for milk. Moreover, the sector is plagued with various other impediments like shortage

of fodder, its poor quality, dismal transportation facilities and a poorly developed cold chain infrastructure. As a

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AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

result, the supply side lack in elasticity that is expected of it. Fortunately, the government and other

stackholders seem to be alive to the situation and efforts to increase milk production have been intensified.

Transformations in the sector are being induced by factors like newfound interest on the part of the organized

sector, new markets easy credit facilities, dairy friendly policies by the government etc. Dairy farming is now

evolving from just an agrarian way of life to a professionally managed industry the India dairy industry with

these positive signals there hope that the sector may eventually march towards another white evolution

Now a day the milk adulteration is mostly detected using various chemical test. These methods are

tedious, time consuming and costly, also the knowledge of the test is necessary. Dairies collect, test and rate the

milk. Sample lactometer test is done to defect quality of milk. With the help of statistical tools and techniques

analysis the quality and quantity of cows and buffalos milk.

OBJECTIVES:

 To study the effect of education, occupation and income of person on quantity and quality of animal
milk.
 To study the effect of animal breed, type of foods frequently provide to animal on quality and quantity
of milk.
 To study the effect of farming system, cleaning time, milk collection method on quality aquantity of
milk.
 To study the distribution of income from animal and expenditure on animal.
 To study the health condition of animal on quality and quantity of milk.

METHODOLOGY:
For our study we have used stratified random sampling. We have chosen randomly four villages namely
Sangwade, Pandewadi, Chokak & Gogave as strata. The total population size is 1467. We have made four strata
for this study. The strata size is denoted by N1=633, N2=240, N3=221, N4=373. After making strata we have
formulated the sample size by using solving formula.
=  


Where, = 0.1 . . (10%)Margin of error
= 94

Therefore our sample size for this study is more than 94 (109). By using population allocation we have
choose sample from each strata and it is denoted by n1=44, n2=19, n3=19, n4=27.
After that, by using simple random sampling without replacement we select the sampling unit randomly.
We have collected data from above four villages. This study was conducted with an interview method.

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AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

Statistical Tools:

1. Descriptive Statistics
2. Graphical method: simple bar diagram, multiple bar diagram, pie chart
3. Testing of hypothesis

Software used: 1. MS-Excel

Education Wise Distribution

Education No. of Persons Educational Status
80
0 to 4 10 61 0--4
60 5--10
5 to 10 61

No. of Persons
11--12
40 graduate
11 to 12 15 19 post-graduate
15
20 10
Graduate 19 4
0
Post-graduate 4 0--4 5--10 11--12 graduate post-graduate

Total 109
Education
Annual Income Wise Distribution
Annual Income No. of Family Incomewise distribution of No. of Family

0to 5000 61 80 61
50000 to 100000 31 60
No. of Family

31
100000 to 150000 8 40

20 8 9
150000 to 200000 9 0
0
Above 200000 0
Total 109
Annual Income (Rs.)

Buffalo Breed Wise Distribution

Buffalos Breed No. of Animals
Buffallo Wise Distribution
Murrah 54 32% 35%
Pandharpuri 25
Surti 10
Nagpuri 0 6%

Jafrabadi 3 6% 16%
3%
Karnari 4
2% Murrah Pandharpuri Surti Nagpuri
Hariana 9 Jafrabadi Karnari Hariana Other
0%
Other 50
Cow Breed Wise Distribution

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AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808
0%
Cow Breed No. of Animals Cows Breed
3%
HF 88
28%

Gir 11
Jersey 40
61%
Khilari 5 8%

Other 0

HF Gir Jersey Khilari Other

VillageWise Distribution Dudha-sangha Wise

Goga Sangava Pandewa Choka

ve de di k Dudh-Sangha No. Persons
Buffal Gokul 91
o 26 108 35 23
Other 18
Cow 41 77 25 30
Dudha-sangha Wise Distribution
Village Wise Distribution

17%
150 108
100 77
41 35 25
No. of Animals

50 26 23 30

0
83%

Buffalo
Villages Cow Gokul Other

Milking Animal Wise Distribution

No. of Animals

Milk Animals No. of Animals 47%

53%
Buffalo 103
Cow 102
Buffalo Cow

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS:

a)Test of Proportion:
The hypothesis are stated as

H : There are 90% of people have farm.

H : There are less than 90% people have farm.

Hypothesis:

# : $ = $ %&%
'( # : $ ) $

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AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

Observation Table:

Farm No. Of Persons

Yes 101
No 8

The test statistic,

$ − $
|Z| = -- --
$ 0
/  

Here, $ = 0.9267 ; $ = 0.9 ; 0 = 0.1 ;
= 109

5678 = 1.2586 5;7< = 1.64 and = − >%?@ = 0.2081

b) Equality of mean:
The hypothesis are stated as

# : There is income from animal and expenditure on animal are same.

# : There is income from animal is more than expenditure on animal.

Hypothesis:

# : A = AB %&%
'( # : A > AB

The test statistic is,

|Z| = D
GGGG GGGG
D Where,S =
(E F HE  )–(JF HJ ) NF OF N O

K/
F

F NF N
LF L

Under #

GGG − P
P GGGB
|Z| = -- --
1 1
Q/
+

 B

GGG = 413.2018PGB = 183.2844

P
5678 = 2.5775 ; 5;7< = 1.6448 ; = − >%?@ = 0.0049
c)Test of equality of two proportions
The hypothesis are stated as
# :Buffalo and cow are not equally distributed.

# :Buffalo and cow are equally distributed.

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Hypothesis:

# : $ =$B against # :$ ≠$B

Observation Table:

Milk
Animals No. of Animals
Buffalo 103
cow 102

The test statistic is,

$ − $B
|5| = -- --
1 1
/=T U + V


B

Where,

$ = 0.4975;$B = 0.5024; 5678 = 2.009; 5;7< = 1.64 and=>%?@ = 0.00454

d) Test for comparison of variance of morning and evening milk of buffalo.

The hypothesis are stated as
# :The average morning and evening milk of buffalo are same.
# :The average morning milk is more than evening milk of buffalo.

# : 6B = 6B = 6B against # : 6B > 6B

'B be Sample variance of morning milk.and 'BB be Sample variance of evening milk.

X678 = 1.5225 ; X;7< = 1.4733 and = − >%?@ = 0.0372

e)Test for comparison of variance of morning and evening fat of buffalo.

The hypothesis are stated as

# :The average morning and evening fat of buffalo are same.

# :The average morning fat is more than evening fat of buffalo.

# : 6B = 6B = 6B >⁄' # : 6B > 6B

'B be Sample variance of morning fat and 'BB be Sample variance of evening fat.

X678 = 1.0125 ; X;7< = 1.4733 and = − >%?@ = 0.4787

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 AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

f) Test for comparison of variance of morning and evening milk of cow.

# :The average morning and evening milk of cow are same.

The hypothesis are stated as

# :The average morning milk is more than evening milk of cow.

# : 6B = 6B = 6B >⁄' # : 6B > 6B

'B :Sample variance of morning milk and 'BB : Sample variance of evening milk.

X678 = 1.0232 and , X;7< = 1.6153

= − >%?@ = 0.4681

g) Test for comparison of variance of morning and evening fat of cow.

# :The average morning and evening fat of cow are same.

The hypothesis are stated as

# :The average morning fat is more than evening fat of cow.

# : 6B = 6B = 6B >⁄' # : 6B > 6B

'B : Sample variance of morning fat and 'BB : Sample variance of evening fat.

X678 = 0.9209 and X;7< = 1.6153

= − >%?@ = 0.6129

Major Finding:
.
Our studies show that there are ninety percent people have farm in our area and there is income from animal is
greater than expenditure on animal it implies that milking business is profitable in our villages.The majorty of
people educated below ten standard are involved in the dairy business and The number buffalo and cow are
equally distributed in our area.The average collection of morning buffalo milk is more than evening where as it
same amount of of milk from cow is same in both time.The average fat in buffalo and cow milk is same in both
period.But there is significant difference between income and expenditure distribution

REFERENCES:
1. Vishweshwar, S.K and N. Krishnaiah. 2005. Food and nutritive value of milk. Quality control of milk and
processing, State Institute of Vocational Education Director of Intermediate Education Govt. of Andhra
pradesh, India, p. 10.

2. Kanwal, R, T. Ahmad and B. Mirza. 2004. Comparative analysis of quality of milk collected from buffalo,
cow, goat and sheep of Rawalpindi/Islamabad region in Pakistan. Asian J. Plant Sci. 3(3):300-305.

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AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

3. Khan, M.A.S, M.N. Islam and M.S.R. Siddiki. 2007. Physical and chemical composition of swamp and water
buffalo milk: a comparative study. Ital. J. Ani. Sci. 6(2):1067-1070.

4. Herringten, B.L. 2000. Milk and milk processing. Greenwood Publishers, Lucknow, India. Pp. 25-26.
5. James, C.S. 1995. Determination of fat content of dairy products by the Gerber method. Analytical chemistry
of food. Blacki Academic and Professionals, an imprint of Champan and Hall, Glasgow, UK. Pp: 93-95

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