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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 1 Download Soln PDF

Boiling point of water at sea level is ______.

1. 210° F

2. 212° F

3. 208° F

4. 214° F

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 212° F

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 1 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 212° FF.

At 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level) level), water

boils at 100° C (212° F)F).
When a liquid is heated, it eventually reaches a
temperature at which the vapor pressure is large
enough that bubbles form inside the body of the
liquid. This temperature is called the boiling point
point.
Once the liquid starts to boil
boil, the
temperature remains constant until all
of the liquid has been converted to a
gas
gas.

Important Points
The boiling point of water depends on the
atmospheric pressure
pressure, which changes according
to elevation.
Water boils at a lower temperature as you
gain altitude (e.g., going higher on a
mountain).
Water boils at a higher temperature if you
increase atmospheric pressure (coming
back down to sea level or going below it).
The boiling point of water also depends on the purity
of the water.
Water that contains impurities (such as salted
water) boils at a higher temperature than pure
water. This phenomenon is called boiling
point elevation
elevation.
It is one of the colligative properties of
matter
matter.

Key Points
Liquids have a characteristic temperature at which
they turn into solids, known as their freezing point.
Water freezes at 32° F or 0° C or 273.15
Kelvin
Kelvin.
Pure, crystalline solids have a characteristic melting
point, the temperature at which the solid melts to
become a liquid.
In theory, the melting point of a solid should be
the same as the freezing point of the liquid liquid.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 2 Download Soln PDF

As the temperature increases, the thermal

conductivity of a gas

1. increases

2. decreases

3. remains constant

4. increases up to a certain temperature and then

decreases

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : increases

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 2 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Explanation:

Gases transfer heat by the collision of molecules.

As the temperature increases

increases, the kinetic energy of
molecules of gases also increases and eventually
collision between molecules also increases which
increases the thermal conductivity of gases.

∴ As temperature increases the thermal

conductivity of gases increases.

For liquid and solids, generally as the temperature

increases, the thermal conductivity decreases.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 3 Download Soln PDF

The insulating ability of an insulator with the

presence of moisture would

1. increase

2. decrease

3. remain unaffected

4. Non of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : decrease

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 3 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Explanation:

Insulation

It is defined as a process of preventing the flow of

heat from the body by applying insulator materials
to the surface which controls the rate of heat
transfer.
The insulating ability of an insulator depends on
various factors:
thickness of insulator
material of insulator
surrounding conditions
temperature difference
Generally, air packets are present in porous
insulating materials.
Since water which is a more conductive
material is replacing air which is a less
conductive material, so the overall insulating
ability of the insulator will decrease. Most
insulators are porous in nature.
If it has been about Non-porous insulators then the
insulating ability will remain unaffected.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 4 Download Soln PDF

The typical range of Prandtl number for

water is

1. 0.004-0.300

2. 1.7-13.7

3. 50.500

4. 2000-1000

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 1.7-13.7

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 4 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Explanation:

Prandtl member is the ratio of momentum diffusivity to

thermal diffusivity.

µ µCp
Pr = ν
α = ρk = k
ρC p

Typical ranges of Prandtl member is listed below

Fluid Pr

Liquid metals 0.004 – 0.030

Gases 0.7 – 1.0

Water 1.7 – 13.7

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 5 Download Soln PDF

In a heat exchanger, it is observed that ΔT 1 =

ΔT 2 , where ΔT 1 is the temperature difference
between the two single phase fluid streams
at one end and ΔT 2 is the temperature
difference at the other end. This heat
exchanger is

1. a condenser

2. an evaporator

3. a counter flow heat exchanger

4. a parallel flow heat exchanger

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : a counter flow heat exchanger

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 5 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Explanation:

In case of the counter-flow heat exchanger when the

heat capacities of both the fluids are the same.

i.e. ṁhch = ṁccc

Q = ṁhch(Th1 – Th2) = ṁccc(Tc2 – Tc1)

(Th1 – Th2) = (Tc2 – Tc1)

(Th1 – Tc2) = (Th2 – Tc1)

ΔT 1 = ΔT 2

For parallel flow heat exchanger, ΔT 1 will always be

greater than ΔT 2.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 6 Download Soln PDF

If one of the two fluids flowing through a

heat exchanger of NTU = 2 remains at
constant temperature throughout the
exchanger length, the effectiveness of the
heat exchanger will be

1. 1 – e-4

2. 1 – e-2

1 − e−2
3.
2

1 − e2
4.
2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : 1 – e-2

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 6 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Explanation:

Heat Exchanger:

It is the steady flow adiabatic open system in which two

flowing fluids exchange or transfer heat between them,
without losing or gaining any heat from the ambient.

In the heat exchanger, the rate of enthalpy decrease

of hot fluid = The rate of enthalpy increase of cold
fluid.

Using the energy balance equation

ṁh × cph × (Thi − The ) = ṁc × cpc × (Tce − Tci )
ṁh, ṁc = Mass flow rate of hot and cold fluid.

cph, cpc = Specific heats of hot and cold fluid.

Thi, Tci = Hot and cold fluid inlet temperature, The,Tce = Hot
and cold fluid exit temperature.

Capacity rate ratio (C):

(ṁcp )smaller
C= (ṁcp )larger , (0 ≤ C ≤ 1)

C = 0, when one of the fluids undergoing phase

change like in steam condenser or evaporator or
boiler.

Number of transfer unit (NTU)

NT U = UA
(ṁcp )smaller
, U = overall heat transfer coefficient,
A = heat transfer area

The formula of effectiveness for:

Capacity rate ratio Parallel Flow Heat Counter Flow Heat

(C) Exchanger Exchanger

ϵparallel = ϵcounter =
0<C<1 1−e−(1+c)N T U 1−e−(1−c)N T U
1+c 1−ce−(1−c)N T U

C=1 1−e−2N T U ϵcounter = NT U

ϵparallel = 2 1+NT

ϵparallel = 1 − ϵcounter = 1 −
C=0
e−NT U e−NT U

Calculation:

Given:

NTU = 2 and C = 0 (since phase change)

ϵparallel = ϵcounter = 1 − e−NT U = 1 − e−2

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 7 Download Soln PDF

Solar radiation of 1000 W/m 2 is incident on

a grey opaque surface with an emissivity of
0.4 and emissive power (black body) of 400
W/m 2 . The radiosity of the surface will be:

1. 940 W/m2

2. 850 W/m2

3. 760 W/m2

4. 670 W/m2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : 760 W/m2

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 7 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Concept:

Irradiation (G): Total radiation incident upon a surface

per unit time per unit area.

Radiosity (J): Total radiation leaving a surface per unit

time per unit area.

Radiosity comprises the original emittance from the

surface plus the reflected portion of any radiation incident
upon it.

J = E + ρG

J = εEb + ρG

Eb = Emissive power of a perfect black body

α+ρ+τ=1

For opaque body: τ = 0 α+ρ=1 ρ=1-α=1-ε

J = εEb + (1 - ε)G = E + (1 - ε)G

Calculation:

Given:

G = 1000 W/m2, Eb = 400 W/m2, ϵ = 0.4

J = 400 × 0.4 + (1 - 0.4)1000 = 760 W/m2

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 8 Download Soln PDF

Consider one-dimensional steady-state heat

conduction, without heat generation, in a
plane wall; with boundary conditions as
shown in the figure below. The conductivity
of the wall is given by k = k 0 + bT; where k 0
and b are positive constants and T is
temperature.

As x increases, the temperature gradient

(dT/dx) will

1. Remain constant

2. Be zero

3. Increase

4. Decrease

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Decrease

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 8 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Explanation

The conductivity of the wall, k = k0 + bT

And T2 > T1

Since conductivity is a function of temperature, As we

move from left to right temperature increases.
Thus thermal conductivity of the wall also
increases.

Using Fourier's law of heat conduction.

Q = kA ( dT
dx )

As thermal conductivity, k is increasing so to keep the heat

transfer constant the temperature gradient ( dT dx )
must decrease.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question 9 Download Soln PDF

A hot fluid is flowing through a long pipe of 4

cm outer diameter and covered with 2 cm
thick insulation. It is proposed to reduce the
conduction heat loss to the surroundings to
one third of the present rate by increasing
the same insulation thickness. The
additional thickness of insulation required
will be

1. 2 cm

2. 6 cm

3. 9 cm

4. 12 cm

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : 12 cm

Heat Transfer MCQ Question 9 Download Soln PDF

Detailed Solution

Concept:

Heat transfer rate through a cylinder is given by:

2πkl(T1 −T2 )
Q̇ =
ln( r 2 )
r
1

where Q̇  = Heat transfer rate, T1, T2 = Temperatures of the

inner and outer cylindrical surface, r1, r2 = Inner and outer
radius, k = Thermal conductivity of the material, l = Length
of pipe

Calculation:

Given:

r1 = 2 cm, r2 = 4 cm , Q2 = 13 × Q1

Heat loss with existing insulation,

2πkl(T1 −T2 )
Q1 =
ln( r 2 )
r
1

Heat loss with additional insulation,

2πkl(T1 −T2 )
Q2 =
)
r 2 +x
ln( r1

Where x is the additional thickness of insulation..

According to the given condition,

Q2 = 13 × Q1

2πkl(T1 −T2 ) 1 2πkl(T1 −T2 )

= ×
) 3 ln( r 2 )
r 2 +x r
ln( r1 1

3
( r21 ) = ( 42 ) = 8
r2 +x r 3
r1 =

r2 + x = 8r1

x = 8 × 2 – 4 = 12 cm

∴ The additional thickness of insulation required

will be 12 cm.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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10

In a double-pipe heat exchanger, the cold

 fluid is water with an inlet temperature 20°C
and mass flow rate 20 kg/s and the hot fluid
water inlet temperature 80°C and mass flow
rate 10 kg/s. Assume that for water C p = 4.2
kJ/kg°C, independent of temperature. What
is the maximum temperature to which the
cold fluid can be heated in a parallel flow
and in a counter flow heat exchanger?

1. 80°C in both parallel flow and counter flow

2. 50°C in both parallel flow and counter flow

3. 40°C in parallel flow and 50°C in counter flow

4. 40°C in parallel flow and 80°C in counter flow

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : 40°C in parallel flow and 50°C in counter flow

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

10 Detailed Solution

For parallel flow Heat exchanger:

For maximum temperature the outlet temperature of cold

fluid must be equal to the outlet temperature of hot water.

Heat lost by hot water = Heat gain by cold water

mn Cph (fn1 − fn2 ) = Mc Cpc (tc1 − tc2 )

∵ tn2 = tc2 & Cph = Cpc
∴ Let tn2 = tc2 = t

∴ 10 × Cph ⋅ (80 − t) = 20 × Cpc × (t − 20)

80 - t = 2t - 40

3t = 120

∴ t = 40°C

For counter flow Heat exchanger:

In Counter flow heat exchanger for maximum temperature

the two outlet temperature of hot water in equal to the

Inlet temperature of cold water

∴ tn2 = tc1 = 20∘ C

∴ Heat lost by hot water = Heat gain by cold water

mh Cph × (tn1 − tn2 ) = mc × Cpc × (tc2 − tc1 )

10 (80 − 20) = 20 × (tc2 − 20∘ )

60
2 = tc2 − 20

∴ tc2 = 50∘ C

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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11

If √ hA is _____, then addition of fin to the

kP
surface increases the heat transfer. (Where:
h: Convective heat transfer co-efficient, A:
Area, P: Perimeter and k: Thermal
conductivity of material)

1. Equal to one

2. Greater than one

3. Less than one

4. Greater than one but less than two

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Less than one

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

11 Detailed Solution

Explanation:

Fins are the projections protruding from a hot surface into

ambient fluid and they are meant for increasing the heat
transfer rate by increasing the area of heat transfer
convection area.

The effectiveness of fin decides whether adding the fin to

the hot surface will necessarily increase the heat transfer
rate.

Effectiveness of a fin is defined as the ratio of heat transfer

with fin and without fin.
qwith fin
ϵf in = qwithout fin

If effectiveness is greater than one then only added fin will

increase the heat transfer rate otherwise it will have no
meaning of adding it to the surface.

The most common fin used is the adiabatic tip (fin is finite

in length)

qwith f in = √hpkA (To − T∞ ) tanh ml

qwithout f in = hA (To − T∞ )
Where, h: Convective heat transfer co-efficient, A: Area, P:
Perimeter and k: Thermal conductivity of the material

√hpkA (To −T∞ ) tanh ml

ϵf in = hA (To −T∞ )

tanh ml
ϵf in =
√ hA
kp

Now if the value of √ hA

kp
< 1 then the
effectiveness will be greater than one, which
ultimately will increase the heat transfer.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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12

Grashof number signifies the ratio of

1. inertia force to viscous force

2. buoyancy force to viscous force

3. buoyancy force to inertia force

4. inertia force to surface tension force

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : buoyancy force to viscous force

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

12 Detailed Solution

Explanation:

The dimensionless parameter, which represents the

natural convection effects and is called the Grashof
number.

Grashof number, Gr, as the ratio between the buoyancy

force and the viscous force:

gβ(Ts −T∞ )L3c

Gr = ν2

Nusselt number is a function of the Grashof number and

the Prandtl number alone. Nu = f (Gr, Pr)

Important Non-dimensional numbers:

Biot number → Ratio of internal thermal

resistance to boundary layer thermal resistance
Grashof number → Ratio of buoyancy to viscous
force
Prandtl number → Ratio of momentum to thermal
diffusivities
Reynolds number → Ratio of inertia force to
viscous force

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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13

Nu = CR m n
e P r represents heat transfer
under

1. Free convection

2. Forced convection

3. Combined convection

4. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Forced convection

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

13 Detailed Solution

For forced convection

Nu = C Rem Prn

where C, m and n are constants to be determined from the

experiment data.

Re = Reynolds Number

Pr = Prandtl Number

For free convection

Nu = C (Gr Pr) m

Where Gr is Grashof Number and Pr is Prandtl Number

The Product of Gr and Pr is also called Rayleigh Number.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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14

In the case of turbulent flow through a

horizontal isothermal cylinder of diameter
‘D’, the free convection heat transfer
coefficient for the cylinder will

1. be independent of diameter

2. vary as D3/4

3. vary as D1/4

4. vary as D1/2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : be independent of diameter

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

14 Detailed Solution

Explanation
Explanation:

For Turbulent flow in natural convection, the Nusselt

number (Nu) is given by:

Nu = C [Gr, Pr]1/3

The Grashoff number (Gr) is given by

gβ(∆T )L3e
(Gr) = ν2

i.e. Gr ∝ L3

where L = characteristic length.

For various setups, the characteristic length changes and

some are given below:

For vertical plate = L (length of the plate)

For Vertical cylinder = L (length of the cylinder)

For Horizontal cylinder = D (diameter of the

cylinder)

For square plate - 0.25 a (a is side of the square plate)

Now;

Nu = C [Gr, Pr]1/3
1

C[ ν 2 ] (Pr)1/3
gβ(∆T )D3 3
hD
k =

∴ hD
k ∝D
i.e. h is independent of characteristic length or
diameter of the cylinder.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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15

For a hydrodynamically and thermally fully

developed laminar flow through a circular
pipe of constant cross-section, the Nusselt
number at constant wall heat flux (Nu q ) and
that at constant wall temperature (Nu T ) are
related as

1. Nuq > NuT

2. Nuq = NuT

3. Nuq < NuT

4. Nuq = (NuT)2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Nuq > NuT

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

15 Detailed Solution

Concept:

Always remember standard results mentioned below;

Part – I For constant surface heat flux (qs = constant);

Hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed laminar

flow through a circular pipe of constant cross section

Nuq = 4.36 …1)

Part – II For constant wall temperature (Tw = constant)

For this case

NuT = 3.66 …2)

Calculation:

Comparing 1) and 2)

Nuq > NuT Option A is correct.

Key Points
Go through both derivations (i.e. qs = constant and T =
constant) and remember graphs of both cases.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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16

Air is flowing over a hot plate at a

temperature of 120 °C. If at a point Reynold
number is increased by 4 times and Nusselt
number is increased by 2 times, then the
new value of Prandtl number will be ?
[Consider laminar flow]

1. 2 times

2. 4/9 times

3. 1/2 times

4. same

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : same

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

16 Detailed Solution

Concept:

The relation between hydrodynamic boundary layer

thickness (δ) and thermal boundary layer thickness (δT) is
given as

δ
δT = (Pr)1/3

The relation between Nusselt number and Prandtl number

for laminar flow over a flat plate is

Nu = F (Re, Pr)

For constant temperature, boundary condition

Nu = 0.332 (Re)1/2 (Pr)1/3

For constant heat flux boundary condition

Nu = 0.453 (Re)1/2 (Pr)1/3

Nu ∝ Re 1/2 Pr 1/3

Calculation:

Given:

Nu2 = 2Nu1, Re2 = 4Re1

Nu ∝ Re1/2Pr1/3
3
Pr ∝ ( Nu
)
Re1/2

3 3/2
( Nu21 ) × ( Re12 )
Pr2 Nu Re
Pr1 =

3 3/2
=( ) × ( 4Re11 )
Pr2 2Nu1 Re
Pr1 Nu1

Pr2 3 3/2
Pr1 = ( 21 ) × ( 14 )
Pr2
Pr1 = (8) × ( 18 )

∴ Pr 2 = Pr 1

Hence the new value of the Prandtl number will be

the same as before.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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17

The heat loss from a fin is 6 W. The

effectiveness and efficiency of the fin are 3
and 0.75, respectively. The heat loss (in W)
from the fin, keeping the entire fin surface at
base temperature, is ________.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below) 7.9 - 8.1

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

17 Detailed Solution

Concept:

Actual heat transfer

η= Heat transfer keeping the entire f in at base temp

Calculation:

Heat loss (Q) = 6 W

Effectiveness (ε) = 3

Efficiency (η) = 0.75

Actual heat transfer
η= Heat transfer keeping the entire f in at base temp

6
0.75 = Heat transfer keeping the entire f in at base temp

Heat transfer keeping the entire fin surface at base

temperature = 8 W

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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18

In which process, the rate of transfer of heat

is maximum:

1. conduction

2. convection

3. Radiation

4. In all, heat is transferred with the same speed

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Radiation

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

18 Detailed Solution

Concept:

Three modes of Transmission of heat/heat flow

Sl.
Conduction Convection Radiation
No

Heat It transfers
Heat is transfer
dissipates heat in the
from one place
from one place form
1 to another by
to another of electrom
the transfer of
by molecular agnetic
molecules
vibration wave

Convection
Conduction is It can heat
happens
2 relevant any form of
in liquid or
to solid only
only. material.
gases

Need Need
No need for
3 medium to medium to
medium
transfer heat transfer heat

Good
Conductor
Conductor-
The objects
which transfer
heat easily.
Ex- metals,
Heat travels
human When molecules in terms of
body etc are heated they energy
headed upward packets or
Bad
and upper waves
Conductor
Conductor-
molecules go
The objects
downward and The heat
which do not
4 this cyclic absorbed by
transfer heat
process the body gain
easily.
continues. energy
Ex- Wood,
Air, etc.

Thermal Radiations of
Boiling of fluid
Insulator
Insulator- No Sun
heat is
transferred by
any means.

Ex- Abonite,
asbestos etc.

Explanation
Explanation::

As we know the radiation travels with the speed of

light, thus the rate of heat transfer is maximum
in radiation in form of electromagnetic radiations

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 Heat Transfer MCQ Question
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19

Heat is transferred by all three modes of

transfer, viz, conduction, convection and
radiation in

1. Electric heater

2. Steam condenser

3. Melting of ice

4. Boiler

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Boiler

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

19 Detailed Solution

Explanation:

There are three methods of heat transfer between

the two systems. They are conduction, convection,
and radiation.
Conduction is a method of heat transfer in solids
and heat transfer takes place without the movement
of particles.
Convection is a method of heat transfer in fluids
(gases and liquids) and heat transfer takes place
due to the movement of particles.
Radiation is a method of heat transfer where heat is
transferred from one place to another without
affecting the medium of heat transfer.

Now let's see what happens in a steam boiler:

A steam boiler is designed to absorb the

maximum amount of heat released from the
process of combustion.
Heat transfer within the steam boiler is
accomplished by three methods: radiation,
convection, and conduction. The heating
surface in the furnace area receives heat primarily
by radiation.
The remaining heating surface in the steam boiler
receives heat by convection from the hot flue
gases. Heat received by the heating surface travels
through the metal by conduction
Heat is then transferred from the metal
etal to the
water by convection.

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Heat Transfer MCQ Question

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20

In the laminar flow of air (Pr = 0.7) over a

heated plate if δ and δ T denote, respectively,
the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary
layer thicknesses, then

1. δ = δT

2. δ > δT

3. δ < δT

4. δ = 0 but δT ≠ 0

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : δ < δT

Heat Transfer MCQ Question Download Soln PDF

20 Detailed Solution

Concept:

Prandtl number Pr is defined as the ratio of

momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity.

µCp ( µρ )
Pr = =
K ( ρC
K
p
)

momentum diffusivity
Pr = ν
α = thermal diffusivity

In another way, we can define Prandtl number as, the ratio

of the rate that viscous forces penetrate the material to the
rate that thermal energy penetrates the material.

= (Pr)1/3 where, δ is hydrodynamic boundary layer

δ
δT
thickness and δT is thermal boundary layer thickness.

Calculation:

Given:

Pr = 0.7
1
= (Pr)1/3 = 0.7 3 = 0.88 < 1
δ
from, δT

thus, δ < δ T .

When Pr < 1 δT > δ

Pr > 1 δT < δ

Pr = 1 δt = δ

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