Topic: A couple of degrees increase in global temperature? No biggie.

The world is palaban,

kaya niya na yarn.

INTRO:

● Talk about kaigang sa world.

● Transition to topic

BODY:

● Is the Earth’s temperature really rising? Show the graph eme

● What causes global temperature rise?
- Is the sun to blame? (No, it’s the daughter.) It's reasonable to assume that
changes in the Sun's energy output would cause the climate to change, since the
Sun is the fundamental source of energy that drives our climate system.
However, since 1978, a series of satellite instruments have measured the energy
output of the Sun directly. The satellite data show a very slight drop in solar
irradiance (which is a measure of the amount of energy the Sun gives off) over
this time period. So the Sun doesn't appear to be responsible for the warming
trend observed over the past several decades.

- Greenhouse Effect. (Play the vid). The greenhouse effect is a process that
occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. They let sunlight
pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings
from leaving the atmosphere. About 90 percent of this heat is then absorbed by
the greenhouse gases and radiated back toward the surface.
- Water Vapor.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Methane
- Nitrous oxide
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

- Human activities have fundamentally increased the concentration of

greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere, warming the planet. Most come from
the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, buildings, factories, and power plants. The
gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide, or CO2. Other
contributors include methane released from landfills, natural gas and petroleum
industries, and agriculture (especially from the digestive systems of grazing
animals); nitrous oxide from fertilizers; gases used for refrigeration and industrial
processes; and the loss of forests that would otherwise store CO2.
● Why is an increase in global temperature alarming?
- That extra heat is driving regional and seasonal temperature extremes, reducing
snow cover and sea ice, intensifying heavy rainfall, and changing habitat ranges
for plants and animals—expanding some and shrinking others.
● Present data. Just show graphs
- Human-induced warming reached approximately 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees
Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels in 2017. At the present rate, global
temperatures would reach 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) around
2040. The green section of the diagram represents the range of uncertainty in
how much global temperature would continue to rise before leveling off,
assuming that reductions in carbon dioxide emissions were to begin immediately
and reach zero by 2055
● Impacts of global temperature rise.
- To assess the likely impacts of global warming on our planet at various
temperature thresholds above pre-industrial levels, the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC) released a Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5
Degrees Celsius (2.7 Degrees Fahrenheit).
- The report examined and projected the impacts Earth is expected to see at both
1.5 degrees and 2 degrees Celsius warming above those levels. The 1.5-degree
Celsius threshold represents the target goal established by the Paris Agreement,
adopted by 195 nations in December 2015 to address the threat of climate
change.
- The warmest extreme temperatures will be in Central and Eastern North
America, Central and Southern Europe, the Mediterranean (including Southern
Europe, Northern Africa and the near-East), as well as Western and Central Asia
and Southern Africa.
- At 2 degrees Celsius warming, the deadly heatwaves India and Pakistan saw in
2015 may occur annually.
- By limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, up to half as many people
around the planet may experience water stress caused by climate change,
depending on future socioeconomic conditions. The degree will vary from region
to region. People in river basins, especially in the Middle and Near East, will be
particularly vulnerable.
- At 2 degrees Celsius warming, some places will see an increase in heavy rainfall
events compared to at 1.5 degrees warming. This includes Eastern North
America, which will see higher flooding risks. Other affected areas include the
Northern Hemisphere high latitudes (Alaska/Western Canada, Eastern
Canada/Greenland/Iceland, Northern Europe, Northern Asia) and Southeast
Asia.
- At 1.5 degrees Celsius warming, 6 percent of the report's studied insects, 8
percent of plants and 4 percent of vertebrates will see their climatically
determined geographic range reduced by more than half (map highlights areas
where monarch butterfly populations are affected). At 2 degrees Celsius
 warming, those numbers jump to 18 percent, 16 percent and 8 percent,
respectively.
- Warming of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius will lead to a reduction of rainforest biomass
and will increase deforestation and wildfires. Trees at the southern boundaries of
boreal forests will die.
- The IPCC Special Report states, with medium confidence, that at an increased
level of warming between 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius, instabilities in the Antarctic
ice sheet and/or the irreversible loss of the Greenland ice sheet could lead to
multi-meter (greater than 6 feet) sea level rise over a time scale of hundreds to
thousands of years.
- Ocean oxygen levels will decrease, leading to more “dead zones” — areas where
normal ocean waters are replaced by waters with low oxygen levels that won’t
support most aquatic life.
- Ocean warming, acidification and more intense storms will cause coral reefs to
decline by 70 to 90 percent at 1.5 degrees Celsius warming, becoming all but
non-existent at 2 degrees warming.
- The risk of heat-related illness and death will be lower at 1.5 degrees Celsius
warming than at 2 degrees. Cities will experience the worst impacts of heatwaves
due to the urban heat island effect, which keeps them warmer than surrounding
rural areas.
- Projected food availability will be less at 2 degrees Celsius warming than at 1.5
degrees in Southern Africa, the Mediterranean, the Sahel, Central Europe and
the Amazon.
- The report finds that limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius is expected to
significantly reduce the probability of drought and risks related to water
availability in some regions, particularly in the Mediterranean (including Southern
Europe, Northern Africa and the Near-East), and in Southern Africa, South
America and Australia.
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● What we can do.

OUTRO