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Mod 3 Math Logic

This document discusses key concepts in mathematical logic including: - Propositions/statements that can be true or false but not both are evaluated using truth values and truth tables. - Simple statements convey a single idea while compound statements link two or more ideas using logical connectives like "and", "or", and "if-then". - Truth tables show the truth value of compound statements for all combinations of truth values in the simple statements. - Examples of logical connectives and their symbolic forms are given. Quantifiers like existential and universal are also introduced.

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Glaiza D Villena
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17 views

Mod 3 Math Logic

This document discusses key concepts in mathematical logic including: - Propositions/statements that can be true or false but not both are evaluated using truth values and truth tables. - Simple statements convey a single idea while compound statements link two or more ideas using logical connectives like "and", "or", and "if-then". - Truth tables show the truth value of compound statements for all combinations of truth values in the simple statements. - Examples of logical connectives and their symbolic forms are given. Quantifiers like existential and universal are also introduced.

Uploaded by

Glaiza D Villena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICAL LOGIC

MR. YUL HANZEL B. ARCA


Proposition / Statement

It is a complete declarative sentence that can be true or false, but


not both.
Example:

1. Manila is the capital of the Philippines


2. Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the current president of the Philippines
3. Stephen Curry is not a Filipino
4. 5 + 5 = 25
5. KFC stands for “King Fried Chubby”.
Simple Statement

It is a statement that conveys a singular idea.

Example: 20 is a multiple of 5.
Compound Statement

It is a statement that conveys two or more ideas. It consists of


statements, which are linked together by the use of the linking words -
and, or, not, and if-then. These linking words are also known as logical
connectives.

Example: 20 is a multiple of 4 and 5.


Logical Connective

 also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential


operator.
 is a symbol or word used to connect two or more sentences (of either
a formal or a natural language) in a grammatically valid way.
Truth Value and Truth Tables

A truth value of a simple statement is either true (T) or false (F).

Truth value of a compound statement depends on truth values of its


simple statements and its connectives.

Truth table is a table that shows the truth value of a compound


statement for all possible truth values of its simple statements.
Summary
Statement Connective Symbolic Form Type of Statement
(logical
connective)
not p not ~p Negation

p and q and pΛq Conjunction

p or q or pVq Disjunction

If p, then q If … then p→q Conditional

p if and only if q If and only if p↔q Biconditional


Uses

1. Propositional logic (logic statements)


2. Truth tables
3. Quantifiers
Logic Statements
Consider the following statements below.
p: Today is Monday.
q: It is windy
r: I am going to a volleyball game.
s: I am not going to the church.
 
Write the following compound statements in symbolic form.
1. Today is Monday and I am going to a volleyball game.
2. Today is Monday and it is not windy.
3. I am going to a volleyball game or I am not going to church.
4. I am going to the church if and only if it is windy.
5. If it is windy, then I am going to a volleyball game.
Truth Tables

 Extensive use of T and F.


 The simple statements (p, q, r and s) will be used together with the
logical connectives in table form.
 3 possible conclusions: Tautolgy, Contradiction and Contingency.
Quantifiers

 2 types: existential quantifier and universal quantifier.


 Use “some” to indicate existential quantifier while “all”, “for every”,
“no” and “none” to indicate universal quantifier.
 Negation can be used to determine “the other side” of the statement.
Example

Sample Statements Negations

No perpetrator is arrested Some perpetrators are arrested

Some researchers are not scientists All researchers are scientists

Some humans are dumb No human is dumb

All fighters are killers Some fighters are not killers.


QUESTIONS? QUESTIONS? QUESTIONS?

Questions daw!!!!

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