Scribd
Upload
31 views

Synchronous Machine Model

The document discusses synchronous machine models. It describes: 1) The relationship between electrical frequency, number of poles, and rotor speed for a synchronous machine. 2) Two types of rotor designs: round rotor and salient pole rotor. 3) An idealized three-phase generator circuit model including flux linkages. 4) The four conditions that must be met for a synchronous generator to connect to the grid: having the same phase sequence, phase, frequency, and voltage amplitude as the grid.

Uploaded by

Febian Tomy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

Synchronous Machine Model

The document discusses synchronous machine models. It describes: 1) The relationship between electrical frequency, number of poles, and rotor speed for a synchronous machine. 2) Two types of rotor designs: round rotor and salient pole rotor. 3) An idealized three-phase generator circuit model including flux linkages. 4) The four conditions that must be met for a synchronous generator to connect to the grid: having the same phase sequence, phase, frequency, and voltage amplitude as the grid.

Uploaded by

Febian Tomy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Synchronous Machine Model

The Synchronous Machine

𝑁𝑃 𝑃 𝑁 𝑃
𝑓𝑒 =
120
=
2 60
= f Hz
2 m

Where:
f = electrical frequency in Hz
P = number of poles
N = rotor speed in revolutions per minutes (rpm)
fm= mechanical frequency in rps
Round Rotor Machine
Salient Pole Rotor Machine
Question

1. A 50 Hz synchronous generator has 30 pairs of poles.


a. What is the speed in RPM? 100 Rpm
b. Indicate the generator type? Salient pole rotor
c. In which type of power plant could this generator be
used? Hydro power plant

2. A generator, that was delivering 150 MW, experiences


a sudden frequency rise from 50hz to 51.5hz. If the
generator does not have any control, what occurs with
the load? Explain your answer
a. Remains unchanged
b. Decreases
c. Increases
Idealized Three Phase Generator
Circuit Model

𝐿𝑠 = 𝐿𝑎𝑎 = 𝐿𝑏𝑏 = 𝐿𝑐𝑐


−𝑀𝑠 = 𝐿𝑎𝑏 = 𝐿𝑏𝑐 = 𝐿𝑐𝑎
𝐿𝑎𝑓 = 𝑀𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑
𝐿𝑏𝑓 = 𝑀𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃𝑑 −1200 )

𝐿𝑐𝑓 = 𝑀𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃𝑑 −2400 )


Flux Linkage

𝜆𝑎 = 𝐿𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑎𝑏 𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑎𝑐 𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑎𝑓 𝑖𝑓


𝜆𝑎 = 𝐿𝑠 𝑖𝑎 − 𝑀𝑠 𝑖𝑏 + 𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑎𝑓 𝑖𝑓
𝜆𝑏 = 𝐿𝑏𝑎 𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑏𝑏 𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑏𝑐 𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑏𝑓 𝑖𝑓
𝜆𝑏 = 𝐿𝑠 𝑖𝑏 − 𝑀𝑠 𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑏𝑓 𝑖𝑓
𝜆𝑐 = 𝐿𝑐𝑎 𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑐𝑏 𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑐𝑓 𝑖𝑓
𝜆𝑐 = 𝐿𝑠 𝑖𝑐 − 𝑀𝑠 𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑐𝑓 𝑖𝑓
Flux Linkage (2)

𝜆𝑎 = 𝐿𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑎𝑏 𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑎𝑐 𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑎𝑓 𝑖𝑓


𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 + 𝑖𝑐 = 0
𝜆𝑎 = (𝐿𝑠 +𝑀𝑠 )𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑎𝑓 𝑖𝑓
𝜆𝑏 = (𝐿𝑠 +𝑀𝑠 )𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑏𝑓 𝑖𝑓
𝜆𝑐 = (𝐿𝑠 +𝑀𝑠 )𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑐𝑓 𝑖𝑓
Question

What are the four conditions that must be satisfied before a


synchronous generator can be connected to the grid?
Answer:
• To have the same phase sequence as the grid voltages.
• To be in phase with the grid voltage
• To have the same frequency as the grid.
• To have the same voltage amplitude at its terminals as the grid.
Steady State Operation

𝑑𝜃𝑑
= 𝜔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃𝑑 = 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑑0
𝑑𝑡

𝜆𝑎 = (𝐿𝑠 +𝑀𝑠 )𝑖𝑎 + 𝑀𝑓 𝑖𝑓 (ω𝑡 + 𝜃𝑑0 )


𝜆𝑏 = (𝐿𝑠 +𝑀𝑠 )𝑖𝑏 + 𝑀𝑓 𝑖𝑓 (ω𝑡 + 𝜃𝑑0 − 1200 )
𝜆𝑐 = (𝐿𝑠 +𝑀𝑠 )𝑖𝑐 + 𝑀𝑓 𝑖𝑓 (ω𝑡 + 𝜃𝑑0 − 2400 )
Steady State Operation

𝑑𝜆𝑎
𝑣𝑎 = −𝑅𝑖𝑎 −
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑎
= −𝑅𝑖𝑎 − 𝐿𝑠 + 𝑀𝑠 + 𝜔𝑀𝑓 𝐼𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑑0 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑒𝑎′ = 2 𝐸𝑖 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑑0 )

𝜔𝑀𝑓 𝐼𝑓
𝐸𝑖 =
2
Armature Equivalent Circuit
Steady State Operation
𝜃𝑑 = 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑑0 = (𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿 + 900 )

𝑒𝑎′ = 2 𝐸𝑖 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿)
𝑑𝑖𝑎
𝑣𝑎 = −𝑅𝑖𝑎 − 𝐿𝑠 + 𝑀𝑠 + 2 𝐸𝑖 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿)
𝑑𝑡
𝑖𝑎 = 2 𝑖𝑎 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿 − 𝜃𝑎 )

𝑖𝑏 = 2 𝑖𝑏 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿 − 𝜃𝑏 − 1200 )

𝑖𝑐 = 2 𝑖𝑐 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿 − 𝜃𝑐 − 2400 )

𝜆𝑓 = 𝐿𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑓 + 𝑀𝑓 [𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑑 − 1200 + 𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑑 − 2400 ]


Diagram of Synchronous Machine
Model
Equivalent Circuit

𝑉𝑎 = 𝐸𝑖 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑍𝑑 = 𝐸𝑖 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅 − 𝑗𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑑

𝑉𝑎 = 𝐸𝑖 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑍𝑑 = 𝐸𝑖 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑑
Synchronous Reactance and
Equivalent Circuit

𝑣𝑎 = 2 𝑉𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 𝑉𝑎 = 𝑉𝑎 ∠0°
𝑒𝑎′ = 2 𝐸𝑖 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿) 𝐸𝑎′ = 𝐸𝑖 ∠𝜎

𝑖𝑎 = 2 𝐼𝑎 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜃) 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑖 ∠ − 𝜃
Equation

𝑉𝑎 = 𝐸𝑖 − 𝑅𝐼𝑎 − 𝑗𝜔𝐿𝑠 𝜔𝐼𝑎 − 𝑗𝜔𝑀𝑠 𝐼𝑎

𝑍𝑑 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋𝑑 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝜔(𝐿𝑠 + 𝑀𝑠 )

You might also like