COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTEMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMET OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS

NAME IDNO

SUFIYAN MOHAMMED RU/4770/12

Submitted to: DEJENE.B

#include <graphics.h>

#include <iostream>

#include <conio.h>

#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

void bresenham(int x0, int y0, int xEnd, int yEnd)

int dx = fabs(xEnd - x0), dy = fabs(yEnd - y0);

int p = 2 * dy - dx;

int twoDy = 2 * dy, twoDyMinusDx = 2 * (dy - dx);

int x, y; /* Determine which endpoint to use as start position. */

if (x0 > xEnd)

x = xEnd;

y = yEnd;

xEnd = x0;
 }

else

x = x0;

y = y0;

putpixel(x, y, WHITE);

// cout <<"k pk x y \n";

// cout << -1 << " " << p << " " << x << " " << y << "\n";

int cnt = 0;

while (x < xEnd)

x++;

if (p < 0)

p += twoDy;

else

y++;

p += twoDyMinusDxh;

putpixel(x, y, WHITE);

// cout <<cnt++ <<" " <<p<<" " << x << " " << y << "\n";

int main()
{

int gd = DETECT, gm;

initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");

int x0, y0, xend, yend;

cout << "Enter x0, y0 :";

cin >> x0 >> y0;

cout << "Enter xend, yend :";

cin >> xend >> yend;

bresenham(x0, y0, xend, yend);

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

For DDA:
#include<graphics.h>

#include<iostream>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

using namespace std;

void dda(int x0, int y0, int xend, int yend){

int dx = xend - x0;

int dy = yend - y0;

int steps = (fabs(dx) > fabs(dy))? fabs(dx): fabs(dy);

xinc = (float) dx / (float) steps;

yinc = (float) dy / (float) steps;

putpixel(round(x), round(y), WHITE);

for(int i=0;i<steps;i++){

x += xinc;

y += yinc;

// cout << round (x) <<" " << round(y) << "\n";

putpixel(round(x), round(y), WHITE);

int main(){

int gd = DETECT, gm;

initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");

int x0, y0, xend, yend;

cout << "Enter x0, y0 :";

cout << "Enter xend, yend :";

cin >> xend >> yend;

dda(x0, y0, xend, yend);

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

2, Implement the animation of any primitives using OpenGL library by taking input from console
line (from user)

#include<stdio.h>

#include <gl/glut.h>

#define KEY_ESC 27 /* GLUT doesn't supply this */

int fullscreen = 0;

int mouseDown = 0;

float xrot = 100.0f;

float yrot = -100.0f;

float xdiff = 100.0f;

float ydiff = 100.0f;

float tra_x = 0.0f;

float tra_y = 0.0f;

float grow_shrink = 70.0f;

float resize_f = 1.0f;

void drawBox()

glTranslatef(tra_x, tra_y, tra_z);

glBegin(GL_QUADS);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

// FRONT

glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);

// BACK
glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f);

glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

// LEFT

glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f);

glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f);

// RIGHT

glVertex3f( 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

// TOP

glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f);

glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f);

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

// BOTTOM

glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f);

glVertex3f( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f);

glEnd();

int init(void)

glClearColor(0.93f, 0.93f, 0.93f, 0.0f);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);

glClearDepth(1.0f);

return 1;

}
void display(void)

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glLoadIdentity();

gluLookAt(

0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f,

0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,

0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

drawBox();

glFlush();

glutSwapBuffers();

void resize(int w, int h)

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

glLoadIdentity();

glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
 gluPerspective(grow_shrink, resize_f * w / h, resize_f, 100 * resize_f);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

glLoadIdentity();

void idle(void)

if (!mouseDown)

xrot += 0.3f;

yrot += 0.4f;

glutPostRedisplay();

void mySpecialFunction(int key, int x, int y)

//if (key == GLUT_KEY_F1)

//{

printf("U -----------> rotate clockwise\n");

printf("Y -----------> rotate counter clockwise\n");

printf("S or s -----> Down\n");

printf("D or d ------> Right\n");

printf("A or a ------> Left\n");

printf("Z or z ------> Shrink\n");

printf("X or x ------> Grow\n");

printf("Escape Key ---> exit the program\n\n");

//}

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)

switch(key)

case 27 :

exit(1);

break;

case 'w':

case 'W':

tra_x += 0.1f;

break;

case 's':
case 'S':

tra_x -= 0.1f;

break;

case 'a':

case 'A':

tra_z -= 0.1f;

break;

case 'd':

case 'D':

tra_z += 0.1f;

break;

case 'u':

case 'U':

xrot += 1.0f;

yrot += 1.0f;

xdiff += 1.0f;

ydiff += 1.0f;

break;

case 'y':

case 'Y':

xrot -= 1.0f;

yrot -= 1.0f;

xdiff += 1.0f;

ydiff += 1.0f;
 break;

case 'h':

case 'H':

mySpecialFunction(key, x, y);

break;

case 'Z':

case 'z':

grow_shrink--;

resize(500, 500);

break;

case 'X':

case 'x':

grow_shrink++;

resize(500, 500);

break;

glutPostRedisplay();

}
void specialKeyboard(int key, int x, int y)

if (key == GLUT_KEY_F1)

fullscreen = !fullscreen;

if (fullscreen)

glutFullScreen();

else

glutReshapeWindow(500, 500);

glutPositionWindow(50, 50);

void mouse(int button, int state, int x, int y)

if (button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN)

mouseDown = 1;

xdiff = x - yrot;

ydiff = -y + xrot;

}
 else

mouseDown = 0;

void mouseMotion(int x, int y)

if (mouseDown)

yrot = x - xdiff;

xrot = y + ydiff;

glutPostRedisplay();

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

glutInit(&argc, argv);

glutInitWindowPosition(50, 50);

glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE);

glutCreateWindow("13 - Solid Shapes");

glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);

glutSpecialFunc(specialKeyboard);

glutMouseFunc(mouse);

glutMotionFunc(mouseMotion);

glutReshapeFunc(resize);

//glutIdleFunc(idle);

if (!init())

return 1;

glutMainLoop();

return 0;

3, Draw line, circle, arc, triangle, rectangle, polygon, sphere and do all the transformation of it
(translate, rotate, scale) using c++ graphics code.

For line:
#include<iostream>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<math.h>

using namespace std;

class transform

{
 public:

int m,a[20][20],c[20][20];

int i,j,k;

public:

void object();

void accept();

void operator *(float b[20][20])

for(int i=0;i<m;i++)

for(int j=0;j<m;j++)

c[i][j]=0;

for(int k=0;k<m;k++)

c[i][j]=c[i][j]+(a[i][k]*b[k][j]);

};

void transform::object()

int gd,gm;
 gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);

line(300,0,300,600);

line(0,300,600,300);

for( i=0;i<m-1;i++)

line(300+a[i][0],300-a[i][1],300+a[i+1][0],300-a[i+1][1]);

line(300+a[0][0],300-a[0][1],300+a[i][0],300-a[i][1]);

for( i=0;i<m-1;i++)

line(300+c[i][0],300-c[i][1],300+c[i+1][0],300-c[i+1][1]);

line(300+c[0][0],300-c[0][1],300+c[i][0],300-c[i][1]);

int temp;

cout << "Press 1 to continue";

cin >> temp;

closegraph();

void transform::accept()

cout<<"\n";

cout<<"Enter the Number Of Edges:";

cin>>m;
 cout<<"\nEnter The Coordinates :";

for(int i=0;i<m;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

if(j>=2)

a[i][j]=1;

else

cin>>a[i][j];

int main()

int ch,tx,ty,sx,sy;

float deg,theta,b[20][20];

transform t;

t.accept();

cout<<"\nEnter your choice";

cout<<"\n1.Translation"

"\n2.Scaling"

"\n3.Rotation";

cin>>ch;

switch(ch)
 {

case 1: cout<<"\nTRANSLATION OPERATION\n";

cout<<"Enter value for tx and ty:";

cin>>tx>>ty;

b[0][0]=b[2][2]=b[1][1]=1;

b[0][1]=b[0][2]=b[1][0]=b[1][2]=0;

b[2][0]=tx;

b[2][1]=ty;

t * b;

t.object();

break;

case 2: cout<<"\nSCALING OPERATION\n";

cout<<"Enter value for sx,sy:";

cin>>sx>>sy;

b[0][0]=sx;

b[1][1]=sy;

b[0][1]=b[0][2]=b[1][0]=b[1][2]=0;

b[2][0]=b[2][1]=0;

b[2][2] = 1;

t * b;

t.object();

break;

case 3: cout<<"\nROTATION OPERATION\n";

cin>>deg;

theta=deg*(3.14/100);

b[0][0]=b[1][1]=cos(theta);

b[0][1]=sin(theta);

b[1][0]=sin(-theta);

b[0][2]=b[1][2]=b[2][0]=b[2][1]=0;

b[2][2]=1;

t * b;

t.object();

break;

default:

cout<<"\nInvalid choice";

getch();

return 0;

B,for rectangle:
#include<iostream>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<math.h>

using namespace std;

int gd=DETECT,gm,s;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,(char*)"");

cout<<"1.Translation\n2.Rotation\n3.Scaling\n4.Reflection\n5.Shearing "<<endl;

cout<<"Selection:";

cin>>s;

switch(s)

case 1:

{ int x1=200,y1=150,x2=300,y2=250;

int tx=50,ty=50;

cout<<"Rectangle before translation"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

setcolor(4);

cout<<"Rectangle after translation"<<endl;

rectangle(x1+tx,y1+ty,x2+tx,y2+ty);

getch();

break;

case 2:

{ long x1=200,y1=200,x2=300,y2=300;

double a;

cout<<"Rectangle with rotation"<<endl;

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

cout<<"Angle of rotation:";

cin>>a;

a=(a*3.14)/180;

long xr=x1+((x2-x1)*cos(a)-(y2-y1)*sin(a));

long yr=y1+((x2-x1)*sin(a)+(y2-y1)*cos(a));

setcolor(2);

rectangle(x1,y1,xr,yr);

getch();

break;

case 3:

int x1=30,y1=30,x2=70,y2=70,y=2,x=2;

cout<<"Before scaling"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

cout<<"After scaling"<<endl;

setcolor(10);

rectangle(x1*x,y1*y,x2*x,y2*y);

getch();

break;

case 4:
 {

int x1=200,y1=300,x2=500,y2=300,x3=350,y3=400;

cout<<"triangle before reflection"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

line(x1,y1,x3,y3);

line(x2,y2,x3,y3);

cout<<"triangle after reflection"<<endl;

setcolor(5);

line(x1,-y1+500,x2,-y2+500);

line(x1,-y1+500,x3,-y3+500);

line(x2,-y2+500,x3,-y3+500);

getch();

break;

case 5:

int x1=400,y1=100,x2=600,y2=100,x3=400,y3=200,x4=600,y4=200,shx=2;

cout<<"Before shearing of rectangle"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

line(x1,y1,x3,y3);

line(x3,y3,x4,y4);

line(x2,y2,x4,y4);

cout<<"After shearing of rectangle"<<endl;

x2=x2+shx*y2;

x3=x3+shx*y3;

x4=x4+shx*y4;

setcolor(13);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

line(x1,y1,x3,y3);

line(x3,y3,x4,y4);

line(x2,y2,x4,y4);

getch();

default:

cout<<"Invalid Selection"<<endl;

break;

closegraph();

return 0;

A,rectangle:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<graphics.h>
char s[100];

void translation(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)

int x,y;

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

setcolor(GREEN);

sprintf(s,"Translated Rectangle");

outtextxy(80,100,s);

sprintf(s,"At X: %d, Y: %d",x,y);

outtextxy(80,110,s);

rectangle(x1+x,y1+y,x2+x,y2+y);

return;

void rotation(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)

int t,mx,my,rx1,ry1,rx2,ry2,rx3,ry3,rx4,ry4;

float a;

scanf("%d",&t);

setcolor(YELLOW);

sprintf(s,"Rotated Rectangle");

outtextxy(80,390,s);

sprintf(s,"At %d Degree",t);

outtextxy(90,400,s);
while(t>90)

t = t - 90;

a = (float)t*3.14/180;

mx = (x1+x2)/2;

my = (y1+y2)/2;

circle(mx,my,2);

rx1 = (x1 - mx)*cos(a) - (y1 - my)*sin(a);

ry1 = (x1 - mx)*sin(a) + (y1 - my)*cos(a);

rx2 = (x2 - mx)*cos(a) - (y2 - my)*sin(a);

ry2 = (x2 - mx)*sin(a) + (y2 - my)*cos(a);

rx3 = (x2 - mx)*cos(a) - (y1 - my)*sin(a);

ry3 = (x2 - mx)*sin(a) + (y1 - my)*cos(a);

rx4 = (x1 - mx)*cos(a) - (y2 - my)*sin(a);

ry4 = (x1 - mx)*sin(a) + (y2 - my)*cos(a);

rx1 = rx1 + mx;

rx2 = rx2 + mx;

rx3 = rx3 + mx;

rx4 = rx4 + mx;

ry1 = ry1 + my;

ry2 = ry2 + my;

ry3 = ry3 + my;

ry4 = ry4 + my;

line(rx2,ry2,rx4,ry4);

line(rx3,ry3,rx2,ry2);

line(rx4,ry4,rx1,ry1);

return;

void scaling(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)

int mx,my,sx,sy;

scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);

setcolor(GREEN);

sprintf(s,"Scaled Rectangle");

outtextxy(300,400,s);

sprintf(s,"At X: %d, Y: %d",sx,sy);

outtextxy(300,410,s);

mx = abs(x2 - x1)*sx/4;

my = abs(y2 - y1)*sy/4;

rectangle(x1-mx,y1-my,x2+mx,y2+my);

return;

int main()

{
int x1,x2,y1,y2,gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI");

sprintf(s,"Orignal Rectangle");

outtextxy(300,100,s);

line(0,250,500,250);

line(250,0,250,500);

setcolor(RED);

x1 = 300;

y1 = 150;

x2 = 400;

y2 = 200;

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

x1 = 100;

y1 = 150;

x2 = 200;

y2 = 200;

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

translation(x1,y1,x2,y2);

x1 = 100;

y1 = 350;

x2 = 200;

y2 = 300;

setcolor(RED);
 rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

circle((x1+x2)/2,(y1+y2)/2,2);

rotation(x1,y1,x2,y2);

x1 = 300;

y1 = 300;

x2 = 400;

y2 = 350;

setcolor(RED);

rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

scaling(x1,y1,x2,y2);

getch();

return 0;

C,For triangle:
#include<iostream>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<math.h>

using namespace std;

class transform

public:

int m,a[20][20],c[20][20];

int i,j,k;

public:
 void object();

void accept();

void operator *(float b[20][20])

for(int i=0;i<m;i++)

for(int j=0;j<m;j++)

c[i][j]=0;

for(int k=0;k<m;k++)

c[i][j]=c[i][j]+(a[i][k]*b[k][j]);

};

void transform::object()

int gd,gm;

gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);

line(300,0,300,600);
 line(0,300,600,300);

for( i=0;i<m-1;i++)

line(300+a[i][0],300-a[i][1],300+a[i+1][0],300-a[i+1][1]);

line(300+a[0][0],300-a[0][1],300+a[i][0],300-a[i][1]);

for( i=0;i<m-1;i++)

line(300+c[i][0],300-c[i][1],300+c[i+1][0],300-c[i+1][1]);

line(300+c[0][0],300-c[0][1],300+c[i][0],300-c[i][1]);

int temp;

cout << "Press 1 to continue";

cin >> temp;

closegraph();

void transform::accept()

cout<<"\n";

cout<<"Enter the Number Of Edges:";

cin>>m;

cout<<"\nEnter The Coordinates :";

for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
 {

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

if(j>=2)

a[i][j]=1;

else

cin>>a[i][j];

int main()

int ch,tx,ty,sx,sy;

float deg,theta,b[20][20];

transform t;

t.accept();

cout<<"\nEnter your choice";

cout<<"\n1.Translation"

"\n2.Scaling"

"\n3.Rotation";

cin>>ch;

switch(ch)

{
case 1: cout<<"\nTRANSLATION OPERATION\n";

cout<<"Enter value for tx and ty:";

cin>>tx>>ty;

b[0][0]=b[2][2]=b[1][1]=1;

b[0][1]=b[0][2]=b[1][0]=b[1][2]=0;

b[2][0]=tx;

b[2][1]=ty;

t * b;

t.object();

break;

case 2: cout<<"\nSCALING OPERATION\n";

cout<<"Enter value for sx,sy:";

cin>>sx>>sy;

b[0][0]=sx;

b[1][1]=sy;

b[0][1]=b[0][2]=b[1][0]=b[1][2]=0;

b[2][0]=b[2][1]=0;

b[2][2] = 1;

t * b;

t.object();

break;

case 3: cout<<"\nROTATION OPERATION\n";

cin>>deg;

theta=deg*(3.14/100);

b[0][0]=b[1][1]=cos(theta);

b[0][1]=sin(theta);

b[1][0]=sin(-theta);

b[0][2]=b[1][2]=b[2][0]=b[2][1]=0;

b[2][2]=1;

t * b;

t.object();

break;

default:

cout<<"\nInvalid choice";

getch();

return 0;

CIRCLE:

#include<iostream>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<math.h>
using namespace std;

int main()

int gd=DETECT,gm,s;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,(char*)"");

cout<<"1.Translation\n2.Rotation\n3.Scaling "<<endl;

cout<<"Selection:";

cin>>s;

switch(s)

case 1:

{ int x1=200,y1=150,r=50;

int tx=50,ty=50;

cout<<"circle before translation"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

circle(x1,y1,r);

setcolor(4);

cout<<"circle after translation"<<endl;

circle(x1+tx,y1+ty,r);

getch();

break;

case 2:

{ long x1=200,y1=200,r=50;
 double a;

cout<<"circle with rotation"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

circle(x1,y1,r);

cout<<"Angle of rotation:";

cin>>a;

a=(a*3.14)/180;

long xr=x1+((x1)*cos(a)-(y1)*sin(a));

long yr=y1+((x1)*sin(a)+(y1)*cos(a));

setcolor(2);

circle(x1+xr,y1+yr,r);

getch();

break;

case 3:

int x1=30,y1=30,r=20,x=2,y=2;

cout<<"Before scaling"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

circle(x1,y1,r);

cout<<"After scaling"<<endl;

setcolor(10);

circle(x1,y1,r);
getch();

default:

cout<<"Invalid Selection"<<endl;

break;

closegraph();

return 0;

For arc:

#include<iostream>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<math.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

int gd=DETECT,gm,s;

int x1,y1,tx,ty,r,x,y,a1,a2;

long xr,yr;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,(char*)"");

cout<<"enter the x axis and y axis "<<endl;

cin>>x1>>y1;
cout<<"enter the angle one and two"<<endl;

cin>>a1>>a2;

cout<<"enter the radius"<<endl;

cin>>r;

cout<<"1.Translation\n2.Rotation\n3.Scaling "<<endl;

cout<<"Selection:";

cin>>s;

switch(s)

case 1:

{ cout<<"enter the translation x axis and y axis"<<endl;

cin>>tx>>ty;

cout<<"arc before translation"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

arc(x1,y1,a1,a2,r);

setcolor(4);

cout<<"arc after translation"<<endl;

arc(x1+tx,y1+ty,a1,a2,r);

getch();

break;

case 2:

double a;
 cout<<"arc before rotation"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

arc(x1,y1,a1,a2,r);

cout<<"Angle of rotation:";

cin>>a;

a=(a*3.14)/180;

xr=x1+((x1)*cos(a)-(y1)*sin(a));

yr=y1+((x1)*sin(a)+(y1)*cos(a));

cout<<"arc after rotation"<<endl;

setcolor(2);

arc(x1+xr,y1+yr,a1,a2,r);

getch();

break;

case 3:

cout<<"enter the scalling number"<<endl;

cin>>x>>y;

cout<<"arc Before scaling"<<endl;

setcolor(3);

arc(x1,y1,a1,a2,r);

cout<<"arc After scaling"<<endl;

setcolor(10);

arc(x1*x,y1*y,a1,a2,r*2);
getch();

default:

cout<<"Invalid Selection"<<endl;

break;

closegraph();

return 0;