Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan Batangas City, Philippines 4200
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 2

SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Submitted by:
Marco Yvan T. Pasoot
CpE - 2103

Submitted to:
Engr. Ma. Angela Therese G. Roxas
Instructor

November 21, 2022

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 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 2
SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUIT

I. DISCUSSION
Resistance is the property of an electric circuit tending to prevent the flow of
current and at the same time causing electric energy to be converted into heat energy.
Resistors are used where it is desired to introduce resistance into a circuit. Resistors
may be connected in series and in parallel.
A series circuit is one in which the resistors of the other electrical devices are
connected end to end as shown in Figures 1 to 3. The current in each part of the
circuit is the same but the total impressed voltage divides among the different
elements of the circuit. The total resistance of a group of resistors connected in series
is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.
A parallel circuit is one in which one terminal of each element is connected to a
common point to form one terminal of the system, and the other terminal of each
element is connected to a second common point to form the other terminal of the
system. Each element will then have the same voltage across it but the total current
divides among the elements of the circuit. This is shown in Figures 4 to 6. The
equivalent resistance of resistors connected in parallel is equal to the reciprocal of the
sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances
In many instances, circuits are composed of series and parallel arrangements of
resistors and loads as shown in Figure 7. The procedure for solving such a circuit is to
reduce the series strings and parallel branches to their equivalent resistances. The
process is continued until only the final equivalent resistance remains. During the
process, the actual circuit has to be reduced to an equivalent circuit. Equivalent
circuits are models of actual circuits and are used to simplify circuit analysis.

II. OBJECTIVES
1. To measure experimentally the equivalent resistance of a resistor connected in
series, in parallel, and in series-parallel combination circuit.
2. To measure experimentally the current and the voltage in series and parallel
circuits.

III. MATERIALS
● Resistors
● Voltmeter
● Ammeter

IV. PROCEDURE
Series Circuit
1. Using Phet Colorado, connect the following resistors and voltage source
shown in Figure 1, 2, 3. For the values of each component, use your student
number.
2. Measure the total current, individual currents and voltage for each resistor in
each circuit using an ammeter and voltmeter.
3. Complete the table in the data and result section. Show your solutions for the
computed values.

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 Parallel Circuit
1. Using Phet Colorado, connect the following resistors and voltage source
shown in Figure 4, 5, 6. For the values of each component, use your student
number.
2. Measure the total current, individual currents and voltage for each resistor in
each circuit using an ammeter and voltmeter.
3. Complete the table in the data and result section. Show your solutions for the
computed values.

Series-Parallel Circuit
1. Using Phet Colorado, connect the following resistors and voltage sources
shown in figure 7.
2. Measure the total currents, individual currents and voltages for each resistor in
each circuit using an ammeter and voltmeter.
3. Complete the table in the data and results section Show your solutions for the
computed values.

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Series Circuit

Figure 1 Figure 2

Figure 3

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 Parallel Circuit

Figure 4 Figure 5

Figure 6

Series-Parallel Circuit

Figure 7

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

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 Series Circuit

Computed Value

R1 R2 R3 R4 R total

Figure 1 6Ω 9Ω - - 15 Ω

Figure 2 6Ω 9Ω 4Ω - 19 Ω

Figure 3 8Ω 3Ω 1Ω 9Ω 21 Ω

Computed Value

V1 V2 V3 V4 V total I total

Figure 1 8.9 V 12.6 V - - 21 V 1.4 A

`Figure 2 6.6316 V 9.9474 V 4.4211 V - 21 V 1.1053 A

Figure 3 19.0476 V 7.1429 V 2.3810 V 21.4286 V 50 V 2.3810 A

Measured Value

V1 V2 V3 V4 V total I total

Figure 1 8.9 V 12.6 V - - 21 V 1.4 A

Figure 2 6.63 V 9.95 V 4.42 V - 21 V 1.11 A

Figure 3 19.05 V 7.14 V 2.38 V 21.43 V 50 V 2.38 A

Parallel Circuit

Computed Value

R1 R2 R3 R4 R total

Figure 4 4.5 Ω 2.4 Ω - - 1.5658 Ω

Figure 5 9Ω 8Ω 6Ω - 2.4828 Ω

Figure 6 80 Ω 35 Ω 3.3 Ω 10 Ω 2.2517 Ω

Computed Value

I1 I2 I3 I4 V total I total

Figure 4 4.6667 A 8.7501 A - - 21 V 13.4168 A

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 Figure 5 3.3333 A 3.7501 A 5.0001 A - 30 V 12.0833 A

Figure 6 0.2625 A 0.6000 A 6.3636 A 2.1000 A 21 V 9.3263 A

Measured Value

I1 I2 I3 I4 V total I total

Figure 4 4.67 A 8.75 A - - 21 V 13.42 A

Figure 5 3.33 A 3.75 A 5.00 A - 30 V 12.08 A

Figure 6 0.26 A 0.60 A 6.36 A 2.10 A 21 V 9.32 A

Series-Parallel Circuit

Computed Value

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6

8Ω 7Ω 15 Ω 15 Ω 7Ω 8Ω
Figure 7
R7 R8 R9 R10 R total

12 Ω 10 Ω 10 Ω 12 Ω 21.5983 Ω

Measured Value

I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6

5.56 A 3.51 A 1.76 A 1.76 A 3.51 A 2.04

Figure 7
I7 I8 I9 10 I total

2.04 A 1.02 A 1.02 A 2.04 A 5.56 A

Computed Value

I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6

5.5560 A 3.5141 A 1.755 A 1.755 A 3.5141 A 2.0419 A

Figure 7
I7 I8 I9 10 I total

2.0419 A 1.0210 A 1.0210 A 2.0419 A 5.5560 A

Measured Value

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
Figure 7
44.45 V 24.60 V 26.36 V 26.36 V 24.60 V 16.34 V

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 V7 V8 V9 V10 V total

24.50 V 10.21 V 10.21 V 24.50 V 120 V

Computed Value

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6

44.4479 V 24.598 V 26.4 V 26.4 V 24.598 16.32 V

Figure 7
V7 V8 V9 V10 V total

24.48 V 10.2 V 10.2 V 24.48 V 120 V

VII. CONCLUSION
The experiment shows that the type of arrangement influences the value of a
variable resistor and the high-voltage electric current in the circuit. Acts as a resistor
voltage divider in the series configuration, which means that when the voltage across
each resistor is added together, the total equals the voltage source. When the resistors
are connected in parallel, they act as a resistor current divider, which means that if a
strong electric current is measured passing through each resistor, the value will equal
the total current before branching points.

VIII. DOCUMENTATION

FIGURE 1

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 FIGURE 2

FIGURE 3

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 FIGURE 4

FIGURE 5

FIGURE 6

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 FIGURE 7

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Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the Nation