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Angles

Angles are formed by two rays that share a common endpoint. There are several types of angles based on their measure. An acute angle measures between 0 and 90 degrees. A right angle measures exactly 90 degrees. An obtuse angle measures between 90 and 180 degrees. Understanding angles and their different types is essential for geometry problems.

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Ramsha Shahid
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113 views

Angles

Angles are formed by two rays that share a common endpoint. There are several types of angles based on their measure. An acute angle measures between 0 and 90 degrees. A right angle measures exactly 90 degrees. An obtuse angle measures between 90 and 180 degrees. Understanding angles and their different types is essential for geometry problems.

Uploaded by

Ramsha Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANGLES

SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. Ahmad Mumtaz

SUBMITTED BY:

PSYC51F21S021

Haifa Shahid

BS Psychology

Semester No. 1

Self-Support

DEPARTMEN OF PSYCHOLOGY
University of Sargodha
ANGLES
An angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common
endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. Angles formed by two rays lie in the plane that
contains the rays. Angles are also formed by the intersection of two planes.

HISTORY AND ETYMOLOGY


The word angle comes from a Latin word angulus, meaning “corner”.

Euclid defines a plane angle as the inclination to each other, in a plane, of two lines which
meet each other, and do not lie straight with respect to each other. According to Proclus, an
angle must be either a quality or a quantity, or a relationship. The first concept was used
by Eudemus, who regarded an angle as a deviation from a straight line; the second
by Carpus of Antioch, who regarded it as the interval or space between the intersecting lines;
Euclid adopted the third concept.

The history of the mathematical measurement of angles, possibly dates back to 1500BC in
Egypt, where measurements were taken of the Sun's shadow against graduations marked on
stone tables, examples of which can be seen in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin.

PARTS OF AN ANGLE
An angle is formed when two rays intersect at a common endpoint. When measuring the
angle, one arm is fixed as the base while the other moves clockwise or counterclockwise to
form an angle between the two. Therefore, all angles have two “sides” or “arms” and one
“vertex”.

HOW TO LABEL AN ANGLE


There are two main ways to label an angle:

 The angle is assigned a Greek alphabet such as alpha (α) or theta (θ). You can also
label them with lower case alphabets.
 When working on geometry problems with complex figures, angles can be labelled using
the labelling of the figure.

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ANGLES


Based on the direction of rotation, you can classify angles as positive or negative.
POSITIVE ANGLES: The angles are measured in the counterclockwise direction (opposite to
the direction in which the clock turns) starting from the angle base.

NEGATIVE ANGLES: These angles are measured in the clockwise direction starting from the
angle base.

THE MAGNITUDE OF AN ANGLE


The magnitude of an angle is the rotation that occurs about the vertex to bring one of the
arms to form an angle. The greater the rotation or opening between the arms, the more
magnitude it is said to have.

TYPES OF ANGLE
There are various types of angles based on their measure of the angle. The types are:

1. Acute angle
2. Right angle
3. Obtuse angle
4. Straight angle
5. Reflex angle

HOW TO MEASURE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANGLE?

i. ACUTE ANGLE

An angle which measures less than 90° is called an acute angle. The measure between 0° to
90°. In the picture below, the angle formed by the intersection of AB and BC at B forms an
angle ABC which measures 45°. Thus, ABC is called an acute angle.

ii. RIGHT ANGLE


An angle which measures exactly 90° is called a right angle. It is generally formed when two
lines are perpendicular to each other. In the figure below, line AB intersects line BC at B and
forms an angle ABC which measures 90°.
iii. OBTUSE ANGLE
An angle that measures greater than 90° is known as the obtuse angle. The angle measure
ranges from 90° to 180°. An obtuse angle can also be found out if we have the measure of
the acute angle.

Obtuse Angle Measure = (180 - acute angle measure)

In the picture below (Fig:01), line segment DO intersects line segment OQ at point O and
forms an angle DOQ measuring 120°. Thus, it is an obtuse angle. Also, if we extend line OQ
to OP then we can find a measure of the acute angle.

DOP = 180° - DOQ = 180° - 120° = 60°

iv. STRAIGHT ANGLE


The angle which measures exactly 180° is called a straight angle. This is similar to a straight
line, thus the name straight angle.

A straight angle is nothing but a mixture of an obtuse angle and acute angle on a line.

v. REFLEX ANGLE
The angle which measures greater than 180° and less than 360° is known as the reflex angle.
The reflex angle can be calculated if the measure of the acute angle is given, as it is
complementary to the acute angle on the other side of the line.
Using the reflex angle, we can find the measure of the acute angle.
A Measure of Acute Angle = (360° – a Measure of Reflex Angle)
vi. COMPLEMENTARY AND SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES: If two angles add up to measure 90° then they are known as
complementary angles. The angles don't have to be adjacent to each other to be known as
complementary. As long as they add up to 90° they will be known as complementary angles.

SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES: When two angles add up to 180° then they are known as
supplementary angles. There are various types of supplementary angles.

 ADJACENT ANGLES: These angles have a common side and vertex, i.e., a corner
point. However, these points do not overlap in any way. In simpler terms, adjacent
angles are two angles next to each other.

In the figure, ∠1 and ∠2∠1 and ∠2 are adjacent angles.

 NON-ADJACENT ANGLES: These angles do not have a common endpoint, i.e They
usually do not have a common vertex.

TYPES OF NON-ADJACENT ANGLES

 VERTICAL ANGLES: Angles which have a common vertex and the sides of the angle
are formed by the same lines are known as vertical angles. Vertical angles are equal to
each other.
In the fig: ∠1 = ∠2 = ∠3 = ∠4.

 ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES: Alternate interior angles are formed by a transversal


intersecting two parallel lines . They are located between the two parallel lines but on
opposite sides of the transversal, creating two pairs (four total angles) of alternate interior
angles. Alternate interior angles are congruent, meaning they have equal measure.

 ALTERNATE EXTERIOR ANGLES: Alternate exterior angles are formed by a


transversal intersecting two parallel lines.They are located "outside" the two parallel lines
but on opposite sides of the transversal, creating two pairs (four total angles) of alternate
exterior angles.

 CORRESPONDING ANGLES: Corresponding angles are formed where a line known as


an intersecting transversal, crosses through a pair of straight lines. Corresponding
angles are the pairs of angles that are found in the same relative position on different
intersections.
Summary
Angle Type Angle measure

Acute angle Greater than 0 °, Less than 90°

Right angle 90°

Obtuse angle Greater than 90°, less than 180°

Straight angle 180°

Reflex angle Greater than 180°, less than 360°

The major basis of geometry is angles. Angles finds its application in nearly all types of
questions, be it trigonometry to closed shapes. Understanding angles and angle types will
help in solving a lot of tricky questions. Thus, make sure that you understand it well.

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