10 XI November 2022

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47643
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Effective Implementation of Site layout on

Construction Site: A Review Paper
Shivshankar Badale1, Prof. V Payghan2
1, 2
Imperial college of Engineering & Research, Wagholi, Pune

I. BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Site layout planning consists of identifying the facilities needed to support construction operations, determining their size and shape,
and positioning them within the boundaries of the site. Inter-plot relationships arise mainly from process inter-connection, or
common utility and ground loading requirements. Other relationships will arise through the flow of vehicles and people through the
site and between plots; and from site major hazard assessment policies.

II. INTRODUCTION
A Site layout plan shows a detailed layout of the whole site and the relationship of the proposed works with the boundary of the
property, nearby roads and neighboring buildings. Most applications should include an existing site layout plan and a proposed site
layout plan. The Site layout plan shows the detailed layout of the entire site and the boundary of the property, along with proposed
work relationships, nearby roads and neighboring buildings. Most applications should include existing site layout plans and
proposed site layout plans. Site layout is an important management function which has influence over all aspects of work on
construction site. These aspects also include health, safety and productivity. For managing safety, organizations must carry out a
framework that can reduce the chances of inadequate structures and facilities. , parking and storage areas, access roads, and
temporary facility locations.

III. NEED OF STUDY

A site layout consists of the footprint of a building, parking and storage areas, access roads, and temporary facility locations. An
optimized site layout plan ensures the optimum usage of available space, lower project costs, lesser location of materials during
construction, better accessibility to and security of a site, and safety of the work environment. To develop an optimum construction
site layout, a construction manager takes into account various factors, many of which interfere with the site layout planning.
Depending on the variables, each project has its own unique site layout plan. The first and most important variable of site layout
planning, which drives decisions in reference to site logistics, is the actual size and location of the site. A list of the important
variables that affect site layout because each project requires a unique set of variables, planning a site layout is a multi-objective
task that varies from one construction phase to the next .Due ti which the scientific study of site layout is essential in current days
and integrated approach of construction management parameter plays very important in it. In this article the past study will examine
about the implementation of site layout to fix the direction of further work

IV. TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS OF SITE LAYOUT

Genetic algorithms :The total distance traveled but also cost and safety parameters as well. A multi-objective optimization model is
developed aiming at minimizing a generalized cost function which results from the construction cost of a facility placed at
alternative locations, the transportation cost among locations, and any safety concern in the form of preferred proximity or
remoteness of particular facilities to other facilities or work areas. The development integrates the required robust search objective
with the optimization capabilities of the genetic algorithms (GAs). The model has been tested on several test cases and the results of
a comparative study with existing methods from the literature are presented. The evaluation indicates that the proposed model
provides effective and rational solutions, in response to decision parameters and problem constraints, and that it results in more
robust layout planning than previous methods both qualitatively and quantitatively (Ioanna N. Papadaki ) 2016
Mathematical model: new approach that considers both quantitative and qualitative objectives for resolving the MOFL problem.
However, the optimal seeking methods are computationally infeasible for large layout problems. Thus, suboptimal solutions need to
be taken into consideration and a criterion to measure the solution quality is needed. In this paper, a new measure of solution
quality, probability of superiority (POS), is offered to determine the probability that one layout is better than the others.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1556
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

We are optimistic that our proposed approach will be helpful in assisting the layout planners to select good-quality solutions in
practical facility layout problems. D. Y. Sha (2001)
correlation research design.Primary data was obtained from questionnaires.A questionnaire was administered to permanent and
casual employees who were skilled while a key informant interview were administered to safety officers. The questionnaire
responses were input into statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient generated to assess
reliability.These respondents were not included in the final study sample in order to control for response biasness.This study used
both construct validity and content validity. For construct validity, the questionnaire was divided into several sections to ensure that
each section assessed information for a specific objective, and also ensured that the same closely ties to the conceptual framework
for this study. To ensure content validity, the questionnaire was subjected to thorough examination by two randomly selected
permanent staff.The regression analysisis written as: Y= b0 + x1 b1 + x2 b2 + x3 b3 + x4 b4 +μ, Where b0 is the Y-intercept, b1 –
b4 are the Beta coefficients of X1-X4 which are the independent variables and μ is the error term. Xn variables are defined as
follows X1- knowledge of workers X2- Management prioritization X3- attitude of workers X4- practices Josephine Wanjiku (2016)
Site layout BIM and GIS: This paper presented a new approach for integrating GIS and BIM that enables managers to visualize the
3D model of tower cranes in their optimal locations. Tower cranes are typically used on many building construction sites to lift a
wide variety of materials vertically and horizontally. Identifying minimal number and optimal location of tower cranes, especially
when they operate with overlapping work zones, can create a challenge for managers. This process comprises a variety of spatial
data that can be presented in the 3D visualization model. Thus, there is a need for a new tool with spatial analysis and visualization
capabilities within a single environment. Integrating GIS with BIM seems to be an appropriate approach to solve such problems.
Javier Irizarry( 2012)

V. EFFECT OF LOCATION
Most of the projects are planned based on availability of manpower. B. The study shows the distribution of projects in various
sectors. 56.3% from infrastructure sector, 33.3% from real estate, 6.3% from industrial sector and remaining 4.1% from others such
as maintenance projects. C. Out of 16 numbers of real estate projects 11 projects are having urban location, 4 are based in sub-urban
areas while only 1 Real Estate project is located in rural area. D. Mostly Infrastructural projects are going on. Out of 27
Infrastructural projects, the location of 11 projects is in urban areas, 9 are located in sub-urban areas and only 2 projects have rural
origin. E. Industrial projects are mostly located in rural areas. F. Other projects such as maintenance projects are going on in urban
and sub-urban areas. Varun Kumar Sharma(2015)
1) Site Layout Optimization: A fundamental aspect is to emphasize the necessity of creating awareness about the effective site
layout planning. By following the generic procedure and applying basic fundamental principles, some of the suggestions are
provided by analysing the currently faced problems on the site. In this project, we have suggested an optimized site layout for
Pune Metro Rail Project. Suggested site layout is based on relationship chart and activity relationship diagram drawn on the
basis of practically faced challenges. The grouping of facility is helping us to keep the proximity relationship of the temporary
facility. The suggested site layout for Pune Metro Rail Project is prepared in such manner that major work proceeds smoothly
without any delay and will decrease overall project cost and duration. Tejal. S. Kasat (2017)
2) Site Layout Planning and Safety: The objective function is formulated to minimize the total site layout cost. the objective
function focuses on three cost components that are travel cost TCt, relocation cost RCt, and constraint-violation cost CVCt
which occur in each construction stage(t). Minimize total site layout cost = minimize [ ] …...Eq.(1) Where T=number of
construction stages; TCt=travel costs between all facilities in stage t; RCt=relocation cost of moveable facilities in stage t; and
CVCt=constraint-violation cost for all facilities in stage t [1]. Travel cost/meter = (labour cost + vehicle cost)/travel distance.
……. Eq(2) Relocation cost/sqm = (Dismantle cost + Vehicle cost + Erection cost)/area of warehouse. ..……Eq(3) y facilities,
construction productivity and cost effectiveness. This research is helps to identify a global optimal location and orientation for
each temporary construction facility on site. Also it is capable of generating global optimal dynamic site layout plans by
estimating and optimizing the future costs of layout decisions. The advantage proposed study is to minimize the cost of material
flow and equipment flow within the site and also achieves safety on the site. Mr. Yogeshwar Dhanure (2016)
3) Selection Of Adequate Site Location And Site Layout: selection of adequate construction site location for future investment is
complex, low structured and multi-criteria problem. To take into account all the dimensions, the proposed model for selection
of adequate site location is devised. The model is based on AHP (for designing the decision-making hierarchy) and
PROMETHEE (for pairwise comparison of investment locations) methods. As a result of mixing basis feature of both methods,
operational synergies can be achieved in multi-criteria decision analysis.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1557
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XI Nov 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Such gives the decision-maker a sense of assurance, knowing that if the procedure proposed by the presented model has been
followed, it will lead to a rational decision, carefully and systematically thought out. Ivan Marovi(2017)
4) Construction Site Layout and Environmental Aspects: n this paper, a developed optimization model for solving the site layout
planning problem was presented. In developing the new model, two main features were introduced. Measuring distance
between facilities in the site using actual route distance and incorporating safety considerations and environmental aspects are
considered. The developed model was implemented on a spreadsheet Excel because of its simplicity in use and
programmability features. The program was coded using the macrolanguage of Microsoft Excel, tested, and then experimented.
Also, the dynamic nature of the site layout planning problem is considered by integrating the model with MS Project Microsoft
Corporation 2000. In order to validate the performance of the developed model, a real-life construction project with 28,500 m2
site area was tested. The obtained results proved that satisfactory solutions were obtaine Haytham M. Sanad (2008)

VI. DISCUSSION
A number of the published studies are mentioned in the previous sections. As indicated previously, the process of construction site
layouts are influenced primarily by a number of factors, such as the applied construction method, project’s activities schedule,
workers and equipment distribution, materials mobilization, etc.; the thing that limits the effectiveness of the optimization methods
where interactions would happen among those factors and let the process of planning of site layout very complicated practically. On
contrast, the developed simulation tools are capable of considering those factors, although very few applications of simulation have
been utilized in planning of site layout as a number of them are aforementioned. Moreover, the published studies didn’t consider the
environmental impacts caused by projects in the developed sites layout planning; usually, time and cost of travelling are the decision
variables.

VII. CONCLUSION
Site must be designed to maximize efficiency of operations in order to promote worker productivity, to shorten project time and to
reduce cost.It must create a project with a good work environment in order to attract and retain the best personnel and thus
contribute to better work quality and productivity.A well planned site including all facilities and utilities lead to: increasing
productivity and safety reducing area needed for temporary construction maximizing utilization

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©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1558