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Study Guide I TERM

The document provides an overview of states of matter and changes between states. It defines key terms like solid, liquid, gas, temperature, volume, melting, boiling, evaporation and condensation. It describes the particle arrangement and behavior in each state. Solids have tightly packed particles that vibrate, liquids have particles that can move and flow, and gases have widely spaced particles that move randomly. Changes between states are caused by adding or removing energy, usually through heating and cooling. The document also covers gas behavior concepts like pressure, Boyle's Law and Charles's Law.

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Cristina Barahona
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64 views3 pages

Study Guide I TERM

The document provides an overview of states of matter and changes between states. It defines key terms like solid, liquid, gas, temperature, volume, melting, boiling, evaporation and condensation. It describes the particle arrangement and behavior in each state. Solids have tightly packed particles that vibrate, liquids have particles that can move and flow, and gases have widely spaced particles that move randomly. Changes between states are caused by adding or removing energy, usually through heating and cooling. The document also covers gas behavior concepts like pressure, Boyle's Law and Charles's Law.

Uploaded by

Cristina Barahona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science Study Guide/ 9th Grade

Topic 1
Lesson 1: Solids, Liquids and Gases Vocabulary Words:
1. states of matter: the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas
2. solid: the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
3. liquid: the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape
4. surface tension: the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to
minimize the area of the surface
5. viscosity: the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
6. gas: a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
7. temperature: a measure of how hot (or cold) something is.
8. volume: a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space
Particle Arrangement of States of Matter
Solids
• In solids, the particles are tightly packed together. The particles vibrate in their fixed
positions. This explains properties of solids: They can't be compressed (particles are
already tightly packed together).
Liquids
• In liquids, the particles have the ability to move around and slide past each other. A
liquid will take on the shape of the container it is being held in. They are slightly
compressible. (There are slight spaces between particles.)
Gases
• In gases, the particles are much more spread out than in solids or liquids, and the
atoms collide randomly with one another. A gas will fill any container, but if the
container is not sealed, the gas will escape. Gas particles are widely spaced and tend
to be only slightly attracted to each other. They are very compressible (particles are
widely spaced).
Identify the particles of each state of matter

Solid Liquid Gas


Lesson 2: Changes of State
1. change of state: the change of a substance from one physical state to another
2. melting: the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding heat
3. evaporation: the change of state from a liquid to a gas
4. boiling: the conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid
equals the atmospheric pressure
5. condensation: the change of state from a gas to a liquid
6. sublimation: the process in which a solid change directly into a gas
7. plasma: state of matter, superheated gas
Important information
Adding or removing energy from particles can cause them to change state. Heating or
cooling particles are ways of adding or taking away energy.

Important Questions
1. How do we change a material from one state to another?
A// By heating or cooling
2. Heating a solid will turn it into what state?
A// Liquid
3. Cooling a liquid will turn in into what state?
A// Solid
4. Heating a liquid will turn it into what state?
A// Gas
Lesson 3: Gas Behavior
1. pressure: the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
2. Boyle's law: states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the
volume of the gas is inversely related to the pressure.
3. Charles's law: states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume
of the gas changes in the same way that the temperature of the gas changes.
Important Questions
1. How are Pressure and Temperature of a Gas Related?
A// The higher the temperature of a substance, the faster the particles are moving.
2. How are Pressure and Temperature of a Gas Related?
A// The faster gas particles move, the more frequently they collide with the walls of their
container and the greater the force of the collisions.
3. What happens to particles at their freezing point?
A// The particles of the liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to take on fixed positions.
4. What happens to particles at their melting point?
A// The particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they break free of their fixed positions.
5. The change from a liquid to a gas is called _____.
A// vaporization
6. When does vaporization occur?
When the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move independently.
7. Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid is called ______.
A// evaporation
8. Vaporization that takes places both below and at the surface of a liquid is called
_____.
A// boiling

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