5IM6

Topics about
3th bimester
Huerta Guillen Arely Araceli
 1 2
Present perfect vs Futures
Perfect continuos

Index 3 4
Future perfect simple vs Would rather vs
continuos
Would prefer

The images within this

5
presentation will help you Modals
better understand the subject.
please pay attention.
Can vs Must
Might May Could
Should vs Ought to
Present perfect
continuos Present
She has been
answering the test
for 1 hour
perfect vs
Present
Present perfect
perfect
She has answered
the test
continous
 Structures of sentences
1 2
Present Perfect Present Perfect continous

Subject+ has/have+ verb in past Subject+ has/have + participle of verb be

+ +
participle+complement (been) + (verb+ ing) + complement

Subject+ has/have+ not+ verb in Subject+ has/have + not + participle of

- -
past participle+complement verb be (been) + (verb+ ing) +
complement

? Has/have+ subject + verb in past ? has/have + subject + participle of verb

participle+complement + ? be (been) + (verb+ ing) + complement +?
What do you need for this times?
Present perfect continous
This time It allows you to express actions of different time ranges than other types of present, so it is very
useful in conversations about activities that are in progress.

There are two elements that help to form the complements of this tense: for (preposition) and since (adverb).
Here you will see how they work to set time parameters.
For (por): Helps to refer to a period of time, for example, years or days.
Since (desde): Allows you to determine the exact date of the start of the action.

Present perfect
This time requires the use of adverbs such as yet, already, just and others
Some adverbs of time usually accompany the present perfect to emphasize the moment in which the action
happened. The main ones are:

Just (apenas) For (desde hace/hace) How long (cuánto

Already (ya) Since (desde) tiempo, cuánto tiempo
Yet (todavía, ya) Ever (alguna vez) hace que)

 How to use these times?

You use the present Let's compare

perfect continuous to
emphasize an activity Present Perfect Continous

I have been studying germany for 3
hours
Present Perfect
You use present I have studied germany
perfect to
emphasize on result
 They are going to
increase sales this
month, they planned it 2
months ago FUTURES
WILL &
Will you marry GOING TO
me?
 Structures of sentences
1 2
Will Going to

Subject+ will+ verb in base Subject + is/are + going to + verb base

+ +
form+ complement form + complement

Subject+ won't+ verb in base Subject + is/are + not + going to + verb

- -
form+complement base form + complement

is /are + subject + going to + verb in

? will+ subject + verb in base form ?
base form+ complement +?
+complement + ?
 Uses will & going to
There are 3 main uses of
WILL: the first has to do Going to is used for plans
with decisions, the second
that are known for
with predictions and the
third with promises.
certain to happen.

Will Going to
 Examples Going to & will

Will Going to
I am hungry; I will make I am going to present my
lunch. / Tengo hambre, final exams tomorrow
voy a hacer el almuerzo. /Mañana voy a presentar

mis exámenes finales.
 Future perfect continous Future
I will have been studying
arts for 3 years
perfect
simple vs
Future perfect simple
Future
I will have made
the cake for my perfect
best friend
continuos
 Structures of
Structures of sentences
sentences
1 2
Future Perfect Future Perfect continous

Subject + Auxiliary (will / 'll) + Subject + will + have/has+ been + verb

+ +
have/has + past participle verb ending in -ing + complement
+ complement

- Subject + won´t + have/has + - Subject + won´t + have/has+ been + verb

past participle verb + ending in -ing + complement
complement
Will + subject + have/has + past Will + subject + have/has+ been + verb
? ?
participle verb + complement? ending in -ing + complement
 What are these times used for?
Future perfect continous
The future perfect continuous has two uses and it is necessary to include
expressions of time in order to give clarity to the sentence.

1-Visualize actions that will

2-Infer the consequences of an
continue for a certain period, or until
action in the future.
a specific time in the future.

Future perfect
The main function of the future perfect is to express completed actions, either at a
specific point in time or before other actions begin. Thanks to this, it is also possible
to visualize the possible consequences of said action. It should be noted that it is
necessary to mention the term or time in which the action will be (or should be)
completed. Said period can be precise (exact time and day) or approximate.
 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS
Examples case 1:
She will have been working with us for 2 years next Monday (Ella habrá
estado trabajando con nosotros por dos años el próximo lunes).
When he turns 25, he will have been playing football for 5 years (Cuando él
cumpla 25, habrá estado jugando futbol por cinco años).

Example case 2:
I won't be able to come to the pub with you at 5 because by then I will have
been working for 10 hours and I'll want to go home and sleep (No podré ir
con ustedes al pub a las cinco, porque para esa hora habré estado
trabajando por diez horas y voy a querer irme a casa y dormir).

 FUTURE PERFECT
Time expressions

Expression Translation Example

By the time Cuando / Para cuando By the time he arrives, I will have made it home

They will have worked in that company one year by next

By (hora/día/mes/año) Para / Hacia
Monday 

By now / By then Ya / Para entonces I will have retired by then 

Before / not… until Antes / No… hasta You won’t have repaired my laptop before my presentation 
 Examples future perfect

Precise term
She will have started to sing by 5 o’clock (Ella habrá
empezado a cantar a las cinco en punto).

Approximate term
You’ll have lived in Amsterdam for one year by next week
(Tú habrás vivido un año en Ámsterdam para la siguiente
semana).
If you do not know the term of the action or do not want
to mention it, it is preferable to use the simple future.

 I would prefer
Would rather to go out
vs Would

prefer

I would rather
stay with you.
Structures of sentences
Would Rather

When the person himself expresses a preference on something referring to the

present or future:
Subject + would rather ('d rather) + base form of verb

When referring to the past:

Subject + would rather ('d rather) + have + past participle form of verb

When the person expresses a preference on someone else's actions referring to

the present or future:
Subject + would rather ('d rather) + object + past tense

When referring to the past:

Subject + would rather ('d rather) + object + past perfect
 Structures of sentences
Would Prefer

When the person himself expresses a preference on something referring to the present or
future:
Subject + would prefer + to infinitive + verb

When referring to the past:

Subject + would prefer ('d prefer) to + have + past participle form of a verb

When the person expresses a preference on someone else's actions referring to the
present or future:
Subject + would prefer ('d prefer) + object + to infinitive + verb

When referring to the past:

Subject + would prefer ('d prefer) + object + to + have + past participle form of a verb
 Differences

Would Rather Would Prefer

Would rather is an expression that

indicates that you have two or more
options and one of them is preferred. "Prefer" is a word used to demonstrate a
That is, it is used in the event that our general preference. That is, with it you can
Use preferences are affected by some express your inclinations at all times and
circumstance that makes us change our regardless of the conditions.
minds or in a particular situation

I would prefer eat pizza

We would rather come to school by
Example than sandwich.
bus than wal

1.1: Can't vs Must

1.2: Might May Could

1.3: Should vs Ought to

1.1
Can vs Must
"Can" is an auxiliary verb that can be translated as "poder", and "must" is an auxiliary
verb that can be translated as "deber".

Structures of
Structures of sentences
sentences
Can Must

Subject + can + verb + complement Subject + must + verb + complement

Subject + can´t + verb + complement Subject + mustn´t + verb + complement

Can + subject + verb + complement + ? Must + subject + verb + complement +?

1.1
Can vs Must
When do you use can or must?
Can
Can is used with the sense of power and / or achievement, thus being able to
indicate capacity / ability, request, permission and possibility.

It's worth remembering that when used to request permissions, can is only for
informal situations.

Must
Must is a modal verb that, in affirmative sentences, prints the meaning of
having, must, need and in negative sentences it can indicate prohibition.
1.1
Can vs Must
Examples for better understanding
Can Must

You must stay in bed after the operation./

I can run five miles in an hour./ Puedo correr
Debes quedarte en cama después de la
cinco millas en una hora.
operación.

I can cook Italian food too./ También sé You must bring your books to class./ Tienes
cocinar comida italiana. que traer tus libros a clase

Can I go out with Jennifer on Friday night?/ Must she take the children with her to
¿Puedo salir con Jennifer el viernes por la Houston? / ¿Ella debe llevar a los niños con
noche? ella a Houston?)
1.2
Might May Could
Might
Might is a modal verb whose meaning can vary depending on the
sentence in which it is found. Generally, it implies the idea of ​
might/must, however, with the help of other words and phrases, it can
express the idea of ​uncertainty, translating as “maybe” or “probably”.

May
May es un modal verb que se usa para transferir el sentido de can y / o could e indica
solicitud, posibilidad y permiso.
May not es la forma negativa de may.
A diferencia de can, may se usa para situaciones más formales que requieren más
respeto.

1.2
Might May Could
Could
It is used as well as the modal verb can, to express ideas of
the past tense. However, it can also be used to express
present ideas.
Could is used to indicate capacity/ability, order, permission,
and possibility.
Couldn't and could not are the negative forms of could.
1.3
Should & Ought to
The difference between ‘Should’ and ‘Ought To’ is that Should is
used to express obligations, suggestions, or advice from a
personal point of view, whereas Ought to is used to express
obligations, suggestions, or advice that is correct ethically, or
correct according to society’s point of view

Should is a part of the modal verb that is used with other verbs to
suggest, give or ask opinions and to ask permissions. It is the past form
of ‘Shall’ and used in many ways other than the past form of ‘Shall’. It is
also used to express what you desired but did not get or happen.
1.3
Should & Ought to

´'Ought To’ is also a modal verb,

Ought word is always followed by
the preposition ‘to’ in the
sentence. It is used to give
suggestions that are believed to
be right according to society. It
can be used at the place of
Should, but it affects the
emphasis of the sentence.
1.3
Should & Ought to
Comparation table

Parameters of Comparison Should Ought To

It is a modal verb that expresses opinion It is a modal verb that expresses

Definition
suggestions of persons. opinions, suggestions of society, etc.

It is related to the word own and is

Word Origin It is made from the past form of Shall.
always used with the preposition ‘to’.

Nature It is less formal. It is more formal to use.

It is used to ask permission or best It is used to give suggestions etc.

Use suggestions according to the situation or which is ethically right according to
personal views. society.

Example You should follow traffic rules. You ought to respect the traffic rules.